吸烟对精神分裂症男性患者精神病理症状的影响

Objective To compare the differences of psychopathologic symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in chronic and first-episode,drug-nalve schizophrenics.then it was attempted to explain the reasons why there is higher rate of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.Methods In all.427 male chronic schizophrenic patients(332 smokers and 95 non-smokers)and 63 male first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia(22 smokers and 41 non-smokers)were collected.All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results In chronic patients.the item scores of poor rapport and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers(3.9 ±1.5 vs.4.4±1.7;3.6±1.6 vs.4.0±1.7.respectively,P＜0.05),and so was the total scores of PANSS negative subscale(24.0±8.2 vs.26.3±9.5).In first-episode.drug-ndive patients.the itern scores of emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significant lower in smokers than non-smokers(2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.3:2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.4,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested there are positive effects of cigarette smoking on the psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia,which misht be one of the mechanisms for higher rates of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

罗哌卡因用于下腹部手术后硬膜外自控镇痛的评价

目的　评价罗哌卡因用于下腹部手术后镇痛的有效性和不良反应。方法　 6 0例择期下腹部手术患者 ,随机分为两组 ,第Ⅰ组为罗哌卡因复合PCA吗啡治疗组 ,第Ⅱ组为安慰剂复合PCA吗啡组。观察罗哌卡因镇痛效果及对运动神经阻滞的影响 ,对比两组的血液动力学变化、吗啡用量和不良反应。结果　罗哌卡因复合PCA吗啡治疗组的术后疼痛评分及不良反应明显低于安慰剂复合PCA吗啡组 ,且第Ⅰ组的吗啡用量明显低于安慰剂组。结论　 0 2 %罗哌卡因复合PCA吗啡可安全有效地应用于下腹部术后的镇痛。     

食管癌调强放疗靶区与肺体积比和处方剂量的关系

目的 研究食管癌调强放射治疗中能够做出既定目标的放疗计划时,靶区体积与肺体积比值和处方剂量的关系,从而帮助临床医生根据靶区情况,选择适合的处方剂量。方法 随机选取临床上已进行放射治疗的食管癌患者80例;其中病变范围包括全部食管癌类型,靶区根据ICRU（International Commission Radiological Units）50、62号文件进行勾画;设定统计参数及计划目标。根据参数的统计结果进行统计学分析;通过拟合计算求出满足既定目标的体积比临界值。结果 体积比与肺V₅、V₂₀、V₃₀以及肺平均受量具有线性正相关关系。给予60 Gy的处方剂量时,体积比的临界值为10%;给予50 Gy的处方剂量时,体积比的临界值为13%。结论 根据研究结果可以预见：食管癌调强放疗中当靶区体积与肺体积比值超过10%时,考虑给予的处方剂量不高于60 Gy;当靶区体积与肺体积比值超过13%时,给予处方剂量时应谨慎选择,但对于各段食管癌靶区超出肺段的患者可适当放宽。这为临床医生勾画靶区期间在处方剂量和靶区范围的选择上提供了参照。     

B超误诊重复肾2例分析

<正> 重复肾为肾先天性发育异常。其特点为重复肾的肾盂、输尿管上段和肾血管明显分开。而输尿管的变化较多,有肾盂及输尿管上段部分重复和全部重复之区别。而对它作出全面而准确的诊断,B型超声显像不失为一种重要的检查方法。单纯依靠B超,往往会出现漏诊或误诊现象,常常需结合X线静脉造影,就可大大提高诊断的准确率。下面就2例重复肾在B超诊断     

加味六味地黄汤治疗阿霉素性大鼠肾病综合征的研究

加味六味地黄汤由益母草、丹参、黄芪和六味地黄汤组成,功能益气活血、补益肝肾、利水消肿,临床上治疗慢性肾小球肾炎蛋白尿有良效[1].六味地黄汤在临床上常用于肾病的治疗,且疗效确切[2-4].实验药理学上常用阿霉素(adriamycine,ADM)诱导大鼠肾病综合征(nephrotic syndrome,NS)模拟临床的肾病模型[5-9],因此,作者采用ADM-NS大鼠模型,探讨加味六味地黄汤和六味地黄胶囊对病鼠肾功能、血脂、血浆蛋白、抗氧化作用和肾组织病理学变化的影响,结果报道如下.     

益肾Ⅰ方对阿霉素诱导大鼠肾病综合征的治疗作用

目的 :探讨益肾Ⅰ方水提取物和六味地黄胶囊对阿霉素 (ADM)致大鼠肾病综合征的作用。方法 :以ipADM 3mg·kg-1·d-1,q3d× 3d诱导大鼠肾病综合征模型 ,观察益肾Ⅰ方高和低剂量组及六味地黄对病鼠肾功能、血脂、血浆蛋白、肾组织病理学和抗氧化作用的影响。结果 :与模型对照组比较 ,益肾Ⅰ方 2个剂量和六味地黄胶囊均能降低病鼠高值尿素氮和肌酐水平及总胆固醇、三酰甘油和丙二醛含量 (P <0 .0 1) ,提高病鼠低下的总蛋白和白蛋白含量 (P <0 .0 1) ,增强超氧化物岐化酶活性 (P <0 .0 1) ;改善病鼠肾组织病理学的改变 (P <0 .0 1) ,但六味地黄对病鼠肾组织病理学的改变 ,则差异未见显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。在上述各观察指标中 ,各药间的作用强度差异也未见显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :益肾Ⅰ方和六味地黄胶囊均具有对抗阿霉素性大鼠肾病综合征的氮质血症、低蛋白血症和高脂血症作用。     

益苷颗粒剂对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：研究益苷颗粒剂对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能及血清溶血素含量的影响。方法：参照有关文献，计数巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的指数及检测对血清溶血素的含量的影响，评定益苷颗粒荆对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果：益苷颗粒剂能明显提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬指数及血清溶血素的含量。结论：益苷颗粒剂可以提高小鼠的免疫功能。     

生骨胶囊结合高压氧治疗股骨头坏死

本院于2004年6月～2005年12月共收治股骨头缺血性坏死患者39例49髋.在口服生骨胶囊的基础上,结合高压氧治疗,疗效满意,现报道如下.     

荔枝核皂苷改善地塞米松致大鼠胰岛素抵抗作用机制研究

目的 :研究荔枝核皂苷改善地塞米松 (DX)致大鼠胰岛素抵抗 (IR)的作用机制。方法 :采用DX诱导制作IR大鼠模型 ,观察荔枝核皂苷对模型鼠给药2h后空腹血清血糖 (FSG)、总胆固醇 (TC)、三酰甘油 (TG )、皮质醇 (Cortisol)、胰岛素含量及胰岛素敏感指数 (ISI)等指标的影响。结果 :荔枝核皂苷能显著降低模型鼠FSG、TC、TG含量 ,显著提高ISI值 (P<0 05或P<0 01)。结论 :荔枝核皂苷可改善DX所致糖、脂代谢障碍 ,降低模型鼠中血皮质醇及胰岛素水平 ,改善其胰岛素敏感性。