吸烟对精神分裂症男性患者精神病理症状的影响

Objective To compare the differences of psychopathologic symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in chronic and first-episode,drug-nalve schizophrenics.then it was attempted to explain the reasons why there is higher rate of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.Methods In all.427 male chronic schizophrenic patients(332 smokers and 95 non-smokers)and 63 male first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia(22 smokers and 41 non-smokers)were collected.All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results In chronic patients.the item scores of poor rapport and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers(3.9 ±1.5 vs.4.4±1.7;3.6±1.6 vs.4.0±1.7.respectively,P＜0.05),and so was the total scores of PANSS negative subscale(24.0±8.2 vs.26.3±9.5).In first-episode.drug-ndive patients.the itern scores of emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significant lower in smokers than non-smokers(2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.3:2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.4,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested there are positive effects of cigarette smoking on the psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia,which misht be one of the mechanisms for higher rates of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

罗哌卡因用于下腹部手术后硬膜外自控镇痛的评价

目的　评价罗哌卡因用于下腹部手术后镇痛的有效性和不良反应。方法　 6 0例择期下腹部手术患者 ,随机分为两组 ,第Ⅰ组为罗哌卡因复合PCA吗啡治疗组 ,第Ⅱ组为安慰剂复合PCA吗啡组。观察罗哌卡因镇痛效果及对运动神经阻滞的影响 ,对比两组的血液动力学变化、吗啡用量和不良反应。结果　罗哌卡因复合PCA吗啡治疗组的术后疼痛评分及不良反应明显低于安慰剂复合PCA吗啡组 ,且第Ⅰ组的吗啡用量明显低于安慰剂组。结论　 0 2 %罗哌卡因复合PCA吗啡可安全有效地应用于下腹部术后的镇痛。     

生骨胶囊结合高压氧治疗股骨头坏死

本院于2004年6月～2005年12月共收治股骨头缺血性坏死患者39例49髋.在口服生骨胶囊的基础上,结合高压氧治疗,疗效满意,现报道如下.     

应用抗甲状腺药物致粒细胞缺乏患者感染的临床研究

目的分析使用抗甲状腺药物(ATD)引起粒细胞缺乏及引发感染患者的临床特点和感染部位、病原菌分布及其耐药性。方法回顾性分析72例使用ATD引起粒细胞缺乏及引发感染患者的临床资料,采用SPSS11.0软件进行统计分析。结果 72例患者感染部位以呼吸道为主,占55.3%,其次为泌尿系、胃肠道,分别占21.1%和10.5%;共分离出病原菌52株,其中革兰阳性菌20株占38.5%;革兰阴性菌26株占50.0%;真菌6株占11.5%;革兰阳性菌对万古霉素和替考拉宁敏感性最高,分别为90.0%和100.0%,对其他抗菌药物均存在不同程度的耐药性;革兰阴性菌对美罗培南和亚胺培南敏感性最高,均为92.3%,对第三代头孢类药物、阿米卡星等存在不同程度的耐药性。结论使用ATD容易引起患者粒细胞缺乏,继而诱发各种感染,且感染部位以呼吸道最为常见,引起感染的病菌中革兰阴性菌与革兰阳性菌相当,真菌感染相对较少。     

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2流行期间儿童实体肿瘤诊治中的防控策略

自2019年12月湖北出现新型冠状病毒感染(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)患者以来,该病毒现已逐步扩散至全国各地及境外多个国家。国际病毒分类委员会将致病病毒命名为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2),人群普遍易感,包括儿童和孕产妇。恶性实体肿瘤患儿因肿瘤本身及化疗、放疗、免疫治疗等综合治疗手段的影响,免疫力较正常儿童低,可能更容易发生感染并进展为重症病例,而保障恶性实体肿瘤综合治疗计划实施的延续性和规范性是提高疗效、获得良好预后的关键之一。疫情期间,如何在做好疫情防控工作的同时保障肿瘤诊疗工作有序进行,是摆在每一个病患和医务人员面前的难题。本文结合COVID-19的传播特点以及有关部门防控COVID-19的要求,针对儿童实体肿瘤诊疗工作中的主要环节,提出疫情期间应考虑实施的措施和策略,建议制定科学的实体肿瘤门诊和病房管理制度,保障急诊手术,合理安排限期手术,适当延期择期手术,保障化疗规律进行,在保护患儿免受SARS-CoV-2感染的同时,确保儿童实体肿瘤综合诊疗工作的连续性。     

2型糖尿病患者血糖控制水平对骨密度的影响

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖控制水平对骨密度的影响。方法:纳入T2DM患者170例,其中绝经前女性T2DM患者(A1组)21例,绝经后女性T2DM患者(A2组)79例,小于50岁男性T2DM患者(B1组)22例,50岁及以上男性T2DM患者(B2组)48例。应用双能X线骨密度仪测定所有患者腰椎(L2、L3、L4和L2~4)及股骨近端[(股骨颈(FN)、大转子(TM)和Wards三角区(WA)]的骨密度。以各部位骨密度为因变量,以糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、年龄、体重指数、病程等可能影响骨密度的因素为自变量,建立多重线性回归模型,分析血糖控制水平是否对T2DM患者骨密度有影响。结果:A1组未发现Hb A1c水平对骨密度有影响。A2组中Hb A1c水平对L2、L3、L4和L2~4的骨密度有影响(β=-0.579、-0.556、-0.614和-0.476,P均<0.05)。B1组中Hb A1c水平对L4、L2~4和WA的骨密度有影响(β=-0.443、-0.284和-0.227,P均<0.05)。B2组中Hb A1c水平对L4、L2~4和TM的骨密度有影响(β=-0.745、-0.297和-0.147,P均<0.05)。结论:T2DM患者血糖控制水平是骨密度的影响因素,尤其是对于男性及绝经后女性患者。     

培哚普利对糖基化终产物培养的人内皮细胞转化生长因子-βⅡ受体表达的影响

目的:探讨培哚普利防治糖尿病血管并发症的作用机制。方法:用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和Northern印迹杂交方法测定0.1,1.0,10.0μmol/L浓度的培哚普利对经体外制备的糖基化终产物(AGEs)培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)转化生长因子βⅡ受体(TβRⅡ)和Ⅰα(Ⅳ)前胶原mRNA表达的影响。结果:AGEs组TβRⅡ及Ⅰα(Ⅳ)前胶原mRNA表达较正常对照组明显增高(P<0.01);与AGEs组相比,TβRⅡ和Ⅰa(Ⅳ)前胶原mRNA的表达在培哚普利组0.1μmol/L时无明显降低,1.0μmol/L时分别降低了16%和10%,差异无统计学意义;10.0μmol/L时分别降低46%和50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:培哚普利通过抑制高糖所致的TβRⅡ的表达,从而抑制细胞外基质的生成,防止血管重构,可能是其防治糖尿病血管并发病的机制之一。     

胰岛素自身免疫综合征三例

自身免疫性低血糖症（AIH）是低血糖的一种少见原因,其临床特点为自发性低血糖发作、高胰岛素血症及胰岛素抗体或胰岛素受体抗体阳性.根据自身抗体的不同可以分为两种类型：（1）在无外源性胰岛素应用时出现针对内源性胰岛素的抗体（IAA）阳性,称为胰岛素自身免疫综合征（IAS）,1970年由日本Hirata等首次报道,又称Hirata病[1];（2）是针对靶细胞表面的胰岛素受体的抗体（IRA）阳性,称为B型胰岛素抵抗综合征（TBIRS）,较罕见[2],部分可出现低血糖.我院自2009年报道1例IAS后[3],陆续出现数例,现再报告3例IAS患者,以提高临床认识.