Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluations

The management of patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has been significantly modified by the availability of innovative but expensive treatments, increasing the economic burden of prostate cancer. Here, we aimed to systematically identify and review published economic evaluations (EEs) related to the treatment of mHSPC and assess their quality. A systematic search was performed of the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Three reviewers independently selected EEs by defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. They extracted all data from each EE (general information, study population, data about the EE, interventions and comparators, and outcomes). They also assessed the quality of the selected EEs according to Drummond's checklist. Fourteen EEs published between 2016 and 2021 were eligible for the systematic review. The EEs found ADT + docetaxel to be the most cost-effective of all available treatments as a first-line strategy for mHSPC (abiraterone acetate plus prednisone, enzalutamide, and apalutamide). Five EEs showed that a simple price reduction of abiraterone acetate of 50% to 75% could change the results to render this treatment also cost-effective relative to that with docetaxel. Twelve EEs were of high quality, with a Drummond score ≥ 7. Analysis of the 14 EEs identified by our systematic review, amongst which 78.6% met high quality standards, showed that ADT + docetaxel tends to be the most cost-effective alternative for mHSPC. These results were assessed by sensitivity analysis. The data provided by this systematic review help to provide a better understanding of these treatments and the better use of healthcare resources.     

Impact of Addition of Metformin to Abiraterone in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients With Disease Progressing While Receiving Abiraterone Treatment (MetAb-Pro): Phase 2 Pilot Study

Background

There is evidence linking metformin to improved prostate cancer–related outcomes.

肾炎方联合缬沙坦分散片对慢性肾小球肾炎患者的疗效与肾功能的影响

目的:探究肾炎方联合缬沙坦分散片治疗慢性肾小球肾炎患者的疗效及对肾功能的影响。方法:选取2016年2月至2019年2月重庆医科大学附属一医院合川医院肾脏内科收治的慢性肾小球肾炎患者122例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组61例。对照组患者采用下缬沙坦分散片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用自拟肾炎方与缬沙坦分散片联合治疗,分析比较2组患者的肾功能指标的动态变化、炎性因子的表达水平、临床疗效及治疗后不良反应。结果:治疗后观察组TC、TG、BUN、Scr及24 hUPE5项指标的动态变化均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察组ALB动态变化高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后观察组IL-6、IL-10、CRP及TNF-α水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组治疗有效率(98.4%)优于对照组(86.9%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率(6.6%)低于对照组(31.1%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用自拟肾炎方与缬沙坦分散片联合的治疗方案可增强疗效,提升肾功能,降低促炎性因子的表达水平及不良反应,值得在临床中推广普及。     

乌灵胶囊治疗焦虑性失眠症临床研究

目的:观察乌灵胶囊对焦虑性失眠症患者的心理及睡眠质量的改善效果,为临床治疗焦虑性失眠症提供参考。方法:选择159例焦虑性失眠症患者为研究对象。按照随机数字表法分为对照组79例与观察组80例。对照组给予盐酸帕罗西汀片治疗,观察组给予乌灵胶囊治疗。治疗1个月后,比较分析2组患者睡眠质量、汉密尔顿焦虑量表评分(HAMA)及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组总有效率为91.25%,明显高于对照组的78.48%(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组患者HAMA评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗1、2个月后,观察组HAMA评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组总不良反应发生率为6.25%,明显低于对照组的18.99%(P<0.05)。结论:乌灵胶囊治疗焦虑性失眠症能明显改善患者的睡眠质量以及心理状况,值得推广应用。     

妇炎舒胶囊联合抗生素治疗慢性盆腔炎疗效分析

目的观察中药妇炎舒胶囊联合盐酸左氧氟沙星片和甲硝唑片治疗慢性盆腔炎患者的疗效和相关炎性因子的影响。方法收取118例湿热瘀结型慢性盆腔炎的患者,随机分为实验组(A组)和对照组(B组)各59例。A组给予妇炎舒胶囊56 d,B组妇炎舒胶囊模拟剂56 d,两组均服用盐酸左氧氟沙星片+甲硝唑片用药14 d。患者服药56 d后观察临床有效率及治疗前后血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α),干扰素-γ(Interferon,IFN-γ)因子含量的变化;随访1个月经周期后观察者复发率及慢性盆腔痛情况。结果(1)A组中医证候积分有效率明显高于B组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(2)治疗后A组患者外周血中TNF-α和IFN-γ的含量明显低于B组,具有显著统计学差异(P<0.01)。(3)A组随访复发率(10.17%vs 96.61%)和后遗盆腔痛(18.64%vs 86.44%)均显著低于B组(P<0.01)。结论中药妇炎舒胶囊联合抗生素治疗湿热瘀结型慢性盆腔炎疗效显著,并能够降低慢性盆腔炎的复发率和慢性盆腔痛,并能通过适当降低外周血中TNF-α、IFN-γ等炎性因子的形成,起到治疗作用。     

Nobiletin and its derivatives overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer: total synthesis and discovery of potent MDR reversal agents

Our recent studies demonstrated that the natural product nobiletin (NOB) served as a promising multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal agent and improved the effectiveness of cancer chemotherapy in vitro. However, low aqueous solubility and difficulty in total synthesis limited its application as a therapeutic agent. To tackle these challenges, NOB was synthesized in a high yield by a concise route of six steps and fourteen derivatives were synthesized with remarkable solubility and efficacy. All the compounds showed improved sensitivity to paclitaxel (PTX) in P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpressing MDR cancer cells. Among them, compound 29d exhibited water solubility 280-fold higher than NOB. A drug-resistance A549/T xenograft model showed that 29d, at a dose of 50 mg/kg co-administered with PTX (15 mg/kg), inhibited tumor growth more effective than NOB and remarkably increased PTX concentration in the tumors via P-gp inhibition. Moreover, Western blot experiments revealed that 29d inhibited expression of NRF2, phosphorylated ERK and AKT in MDR cancer cells, thus implying 29d of multiple mechanisms to reverse MDR in lung cancer.     

Factors associated with provision of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate to adolescents by US health care providers

ObjectiveIdentify factors associated with healthcare providers' frequency of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) provision to adolescents.Study designWe analyzed data from surveys mailed to a nationally representative sample of public-sector providers and office-based physicians (n=1984). We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of factors associated with frequent DMPA provision to adolescents in the past year.ResultsAlthough most providers (>95%) considered DMPA safe for adolescents, fewer reported frequent provision (89% of public-sector providers; 64% of office-based physicians). Among public-sector providers, factors associated with lower odds of frequent provision included working in settings without Title X funding (aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.30–0.64), reporting primary care as their primary clinical focus versus reproductive or adolescent health (aOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.28–0.61), and providing fewer patients with family planning services. Among office-based physicians, factors associated with lower odds of frequent provision included specializing in obstetrics/gynecology (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.27–0.91) and family medicine (aOR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09–0.47) versus adolescent medicine, completing training ≥15 versus <5 years ago (aOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09–0.83), and reporting that 0–24% of patients pay with Medicaid or other government healthcare assistance versus ≥50% (aOR 0.23, 95% CI 0.09–0.61). The reason most commonly reported by providers for infrequent DMPA provision was patient preference for another method.ConclusionsWhile most providers reported frequently providing DMPA to adolescents, training on evidence-based recommendations for contraception, focused on subgroups of providers with lower odds of frequent DMPA provision, may increase adolescents' access to contraception.ImplicationsAlthough >95% of providers considered depot medroxyprogesterone (DMPA) a safe contraceptive for adolescents, only 89% of public-sector providers and 64% of office-based physicians reported frequently providing DMPA to adolescents. Provider training on evidence-based recommendations for contraception counseling and provision may increase adolescents' access to DMPA and all methods of contraception.     

Continuation of self-injected versus provider-administered contraception in Senegal: a nonrandomized,prospective cohort study

Objectives

The primary objective of this study was to compare the 12-month continuation rate for women who self-injected subcutaneous depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-SC) with that for women receiving intramuscular depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM) from a provider. This research contributes to the broader goal of identifying solutions to support women to use contraception for their full desired duration.

氯氮平片辅助治疗PD合并精神障碍患者的有效性及不良反应研究

目的:对氯氮平片在帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)合并精神障碍辅助治疗中的应用价值予以探讨。方法:选取50例我院2013年1月1日—2019年6月30日接诊的PD合并精神障碍患者进行研究,按照随机数表法分为对照组和观察组。对照组用多巴丝肼,观察组联合氯氮平片,对比治疗效果。结果:观察组疾病治疗总有效率96.00%(24/25)高于对照组68.00%(17/25),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不良反应发生率8.00%(2/25)与对照组20.00%(5/25)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组UPDRD评分、VGI-S评分和BPRS评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:氯氮平片辅助治疗PD合并精神障碍患者,既可提高临床疗效,也不会增加用药后不良反应,安全性高,值得推广。     

吲达帕胺联合厄贝沙坦对高血压并发充血性心力衰竭患者的疗效及凝血-纤溶系统的影响

【摘要】目的 探讨吲达帕胺联合厄贝沙坦对高血压并发充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患者的疗效及凝血 纤溶系统的影响。方法 纳入2018年10月~2019年10月我院86例高血压并发CHF患者将其随机分为对照组和观察组，每组各43例。对照组给予厄贝沙坦治疗，观察组基于以上加予吲达帕胺片治疗。对比两组治疗前及治疗3个月后的血压水平和心功能情况，评估两组临床疗效，比较治疗前及治疗3个月后的血小板标志物和血浆凝血 纤溶系统指标水平。结果 治疗3个月，两组患者的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、左心室舒张期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)值较治疗前显著降低(P＜005)，左室射血分数(LVEF)值较治疗前显著增加(P＜005)，观察组显著高于对照组(P＜005)；观察组的临床总有效率显著高于对照组(P＜005)；治疗3个月，两组患者的血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体(PAC 1)、P 选择素(CD62P)水平相比治疗前有显著降低(P＜005)，两组患者的血浆D D、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、纤溶酶原激活抑制物 1(PAI 1)水平相比治疗前有显著降低，血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t PA)相比治疗前有显著升高(均P＜005)，以上指标观察组的变化幅度显著大于对照组(P＜005)。 结论 吲达帕胺片联合厄贝沙坦治疗能提高高血压并发CHF患者的临床疗效，有效改善患者的血压水平和心功能，且对血小板PAC 1、CD62P有明显抑制作用，并改善凝血 纤溶系统指标。