终末期肾病患者大隐静脉桥血管中细胞外基质相关基因表达的特点

目的探讨终末期肾病(ESRD)患者冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)前大隐静脉桥血管中细胞外基质(ECM)基因表达的特点。方法选择复旦大学附属中山医院自2004年7月至2010年12月期间收治的经冠状动脉造影明确诊断为冠心病患者68例进行研究,将68例患者按术前有无ESRD史,筛选出ESRD患者30例作为ESRD组(需维持性血液透析患者),38例无肾病史患者作为对照组。收集整理所有入选患者详细的术前临床资料;术中收集大隐静脉标本,以基因芯片、免疫组织化学和蛋白印迹法(Western blotting)阐明ESRD条件下CABG术前大隐静脉桥血管中细胞外基质基因表达的情况。结果两组术前临床资料除肾病相关数据外,其余临床资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ESRD组患者CABG术前大隐静脉桥血管中细胞外基质相关基因表达上调3倍以上的基因有16个,而表达下调3倍以上的基因则有3个;ESRD组基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)活性较对照组升高(2.60±0.50 vs.0.70±0.16,1.80±0.40 vs.0.60±0.15,P<0.01),而组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-2(TIMP-2)和组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-3(TIMP-3)活性较对照组降低(0.60±0.19 vs.2.20±0.30,0.90±0.28vs.2.40±0.70,P<0.05)。结论与ESRD相关的多种心血管病危险因素,严重影响CABG术前大隐静脉桥血管中细胞外基质基因表达平衡,并且这种平衡的打破,有促进CABG术后静脉桥血管病变发生的危险。     

The therapeutic effects of modified Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure using bipolar radiofrequency ablation for rheumatic valve disease combined with permanent atrial fibrillation

Objective The present study was designed to evaluates the short term effect of modified Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure using bipolar radiofrequency ablation (BPRF) on the combination of rheumatic valve disease and long-standing permanent atrial fibrillation(AF). Methods Thirteen cases of rheumatic valve dis-ease with permanent AF received BPRF modified Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure using the Medtronic Cardioblate BP system from May 2007 to May 2008. The therapeutic effect was evaluated. Results The average age of the pa-tients were 56.5 (range 44-65) years,average duration of AF were 5 (2-11) years and the average left atrial diameter was (55.1±5.9) mm. No mortalities or severe complications were seen in all the 13 patients during the study period. The average time for cross clamping of the aorta was 10 min. The AF was disappeared in all 13 patients immediately after the procedure. Successful restoration of sinus rhythm has been achieved in 12 pa-tients (92.3%) during the follow-up of 6-17 (9.2±3.2) months,while one patient had recurrence of AF. Conclusion The Cox-Maze Ⅲ procedure with BPRF using the Medtronic Cardioblate BP system is a safe and effective treatment for patients suffering from rheumatic valve disease combined with permanent AF. ±3.2     

ACE、AGT基因联合多态性与高血压合并脑梗塞相关

目的 探讨北京地区汉族人群血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性与血管紧张素原(ACT)基因CD235 Met-Thr变异(M235T)与高血压合并脑梗塞发生的关系.方法 分别用PCR法、突变基因分离聚合酶链反应(MS-PCR)法检测664例高血压合并脑梗塞患者(CI),678例单纯高血压患者(EH)...     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层弓部病变处理决策

目的 总结急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层弓部处理的临床经验,探讨选择手术时机、确定治疗方案和手术方式的重要性.方法 2005年8月至2010年8月对210例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层行弓部替换手术治疗.手术方式采用深低温停循环及顺行性脑灌注,半弓替换+支架象鼻手术92例;次全弓替换+支架象鼻手术50例;全弓替换+支架象鼻手术68例.术后随访,胸腹主动脉CT观察降主动脉假腔闭合情况.结果 全组体外循环(146±52)min,主动脉阻断(93±25)min,深低温停循环(35±14)min.主动脉弓部手术围手术期死亡10例(4.8%).术后18例(8.6%)发生并发症,主要包括急性肾功能不全、神经系统并发症、纵隔感染及急性呼吸功能衰竭.术后随访2～60个月,平均(27±18)个月.随访过程中无死亡,再次入院行降主动脉替换术1例.增强CT检查结果显示支架远端胸降主动脉假腔闭合率为74%.结论 主动脉弓部处理是急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层治疗的重要手段.正确的决策对于提高手术的疗效有重要意义.

Abstract：

Objective Stanford type A acute aortic dissection is a life-threatening medical condition with high rates of morbidity and mortality that requires surgical repair, on an emergency basis. The extent of aortic arch repair that should be carried out during emergency surgery of this type is controversial. This study was conducted to report clinical experience on aortic arch repair and determine surgical indication, optimal operative procedures and strategy for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection. Methods 210 consecutive patients with acute Stanford A aortic dissection who underwent aortic arch replacement combined with implantation of stented elephant trunk into the descending aorta between August 2005 and August 2010. Surgical procedures included hemi-aortic arch replacement in 92 patients, subtotal aortic arch replacement in 50 patients and total aortic arch replacement in 68 patients. All operations were performed with the aid of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP). Enhanced computed tomography scanning was performed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes, particularly the fate of the false lumen remaining in the descending thoracic aorta by aortic arch replacement combined with implantation of stented elephant trunk during follow up. Results Average cardiopulmonary bypass time was (146 ±52) min. The average cross clamp time was(93 ±25)min and average selective cerebral perfusion and circulatory arrest time was(35 ±14)min. The overall in-hospital mortality was 4. 8% (10/210) and morbidity was 8. 6% ( 18/210). Postoperative complications included acute renal failure, stroke, mediastinitis and respiratory insufficiency. During the follow-up period [mean (27 ± 18) months, ranged 2 to 60 months], 1 patient underwent reoperation due to the descending thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm. There was no late death. Follow-up enhanced CT scanning showed about 74% false lumens obliterated at the level of the distal border of the stent graft post operation. Conclusion Open aortic arch replacement is an effective approach and provides acceptable outcomes for type A acute aortic dissection. Optimal treatment strategy is the key factor to success in emergency surgical intervention.     

经胸二维和三维超声心动图诊断主动脉-左心室通道合并感染性心内膜炎一例

IntroductionAorto-left ventricular tunnel ( ALVT) is an extreme rare (0.001% ) congenital para-valvular communication between aorta and the left ventricle.It was first reported by Edwards and his colleagues in 1961[1].Only about 100 cases have been reported until now.We report our first case of ALVT with infective endocarditis demonstrated by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography and confirmed by surgery.     

胸主动脉B型夹层腔内修复术后逆向撕裂的外科治疗

目的 回顾分析11例胸主动脉Stanford B型夹层分离行腔内修复术后逆向撕裂为StanfordA型夹层病例,总结其特点及外科治疗经验.方法 2005年4月至2008年3月,手术治疗11例腔内修复术后逆向夹层病人.7例发生于支架术3个月内,夹层破口均位于支架附着处,人工血管远端均与支架吻合;4例发生于支架术3个月后,夹层破口与支架距离较远,人工血管远端吻合口与支架无关.结果 所有病人均康复出院,随访7～40个月,均生存,无严重并发症.结论 发生于腔内修复术后近期(＜3个月)的A型夹层可能与腔内修复术有关,术中人工血管可与支架直接吻合.发生于术后较长时间的A型夹层是否与腔内修复术有关尚需探讨.外科手术治疗可获良好疗效,术中良好的脑保护与远端吻合口处理是手术成功的关键.     

心房颤动时人的肺静脉前庭组织中T型钙离子通道的表达改变

目的研究正常窦律（SR）与心房颤动（AF）两组患者肺静脉前庭（PVA）组织中T型钙离子通道（T-type calcium channel,TTCC）α1G、α1H亚基mRNA及蛋白的表达差异。方法术中获取各组患者（SR=34,AF=38）少量肺静脉前庭组织标本,实时荧光定量RT-PCR对各组α1G及α1H亚基的mRNA丰度相对定量（2-ΔΔCt法）;蛋白免疫印迹法比较两种α1亚基蛋白表达水平;HE染色及免疫组化染色比较两种α1亚基蛋白在细胞中的分布表达。结果与SR组相比,AF组患者的肺静脉前庭组织中TTCC的α1H亚基的mRNA表达丰度及亚基蛋白的表达水平均明显升高,但α1G亚基在两组中的表达水平接近,H-E染色及免疫组织化学染色结果与前一结论符合,并证实α1G、α1H亚基蛋白定位于心肌细胞膜表面。结论 AF组对比SR组,其T型钙通道α1H亚基表达显著增加,而α1G亚基的表达水平两组间无明显差异。     

经皮主动脉瓣植入术一例及其操作要点

一、病情简介 患者,男,75岁,因"反复胸闷乏力7年"人院.患者7年前起反复出现活动后胸闷、气促,偶伴有头晕,无黑朦晕厥.入院诊断为"重度主动脉瓣狭窄(老年退行性病变),NYHA 2级".入院体检:BP120/70 mm Hg,一般情况可,两肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿罗音,心界临界大小,HR 70次/分,律齐,主动脉瓣听诊区可闻及4/6级收缩期喷射样杂音,腹部(一),四肢外周动脉搏动正常.     

主动脉弓动脉瘤术后肺部并发症的预防及治疗

目的：探讨主动脉弓动脉瘤患者术后肺部并发症的预防及治疗。方法：总结42例主动脉弓动脉瘤患者手术后发生肺部并发症的情况，分析其原因及治疗效果，并与42例升主动脉及主动脉瓣置换术（Bentall术）患者进行比较。结果：42例主动脉弓动脉瘤患者，术后出现肺部并发症12例，其中单纯肺部并发症7例，同时并发其它脏器病变5例。经过治疗，绝大多数患者情况改善，其中37例康复出院，5例死亡，死亡率11．9％。结论：降低主动脉弓动脉瘤患者术后肺部并发症发生率及死亡率，主要在于对术前高危因素的重视及术中、术后积极的防治措施。