FX miniRAIL球囊成形术治疗冠状动脉支架内再狭窄

目的 :采用血管腔内超声 (IVUS)研究经皮冠状动脉 (冠脉 )内FXminiRAILTM球囊成形术 (FXBA)治疗冠脉支架内再狭窄 (ISR)的疗效及其安全性。方法 :冠脉内支架植入术后单支ISR >70 %的病人 171例 (男性 12 4例 ,女性 4 7例 ,年龄 6 1± 11岁 ) ,分为FXBA组 (n =10 6 )和普通球囊成形术 (PTCA)组 (n =6 5 )。所有病例术前、术后即刻以及术后随访期行定量冠脉造影 (QCA)及IVUS。QCA分析病变长度 ,最小管腔直径 (MLD) ,参照管腔直径 (RLD)和管腔直径狭窄百分比 (DS) ;IVUS分析血管总横截面积 (TVA) ,外弹力膜内横截面积 (EEMA) ,支架横截面积 (SA) ,最小管腔横截面积 (MLA) ,支架内的再狭窄面积(RA)。随访靶血管再次成形率 (TVR)和主要不良心血管事件 (MACE)发生率。结果 :FXBA治疗ISR和PTCA一样易于操作 ,两组的操作成功率均为 10 0 %。IVUS显示FXBA组治疗ISR后即刻管腔面积的获得大于PTCA组 (5 .4 3± 0 .6 3mm2 对4 .92± 0 .4 6mm2 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,而随访期 (平均随访时间 5 .4± 1.6个月 )管腔面积的丢失则小于PTCA组 (0 .5 1± 0 .2 1mm2 对0 .91± 0 .2 3mm2 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;两组术后即刻SA均较术前增加。随访期FXBA组的ISR复发率 (2 1.1%± 7.6 % )明显低于PT CA组 (38.3%± 4 .3% ) ,P <0 .0 0 1;FXBA     

冠状动脉多支血管病变和慢性完全闭塞性病变对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者住院期间预后的影响

目的探讨非梗死相关血管(non-IRA)发生管腔狭窄或慢性完全闭塞性病变(CTO)对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者住院期间预后的影响。方法回顾性分析345例连续入院接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PPCI)的急性STEMI患者的临床资料,根据是否存在冠状动脉多支血管病变或CTO病变进行分组,比较各分组间患者的临床特征、PPCI资料、住院期预后和并发症情况,并采用多因素分析确定住院期间发生主要心血管不良事件(MACE)的独立危险因素。结果 345例急性STEMI患者中共有185例(53.6%)存在冠状动脉多支血管病变,其中110例(31.9%)为双支血管病变,75例(21.7%)为三支血管病变。冠状动脉多支血管病变中合并CTO病变20例(10.8%),占同期PPCI总量的5.8%(20/345)。多支血管病变患者的年龄显著大于单支血管病变患者(P<0.01),原发性高血压、心源性休克、植入≥2枚药物洗脱支架患者的构成比均显著高于单支血管病变患者(P值均<0.05),与单支血管病变患者间梗死相关血管(IRA)构成的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。合并CTO病变患者的心力衰竭构成比显著高于不合并CTO病变患者(P<0.05),左心室射血分数显著低于不合并CTO病变患者(P<0.01),与不合并CTO病变患者间术后心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级构成比的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在住院期间总体患者的MACE发生率为10.4%(36/345),病死率为8.1%(28/345),大出血并发症发生率为1.2%(4/345)。单支血管病变与多支血管病变患者间病死率、再发心肌梗死率、靶血管血运重建率、脑卒中发生率、MACE发生率、大出血发生率的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),合并CTO病变患者的靶血管血运重建率和MACE发生率均显著高于不合并CTO病变患者(P值均<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,在住院期间发生MACE的患者中年龄≥75岁、发生心源性休克、发生心力衰竭、术后TIMI血流分级<3级、合并CTO病变的患者构成比均显著高于未发生MACE者(P值分别<0.05或0.01)。多因素分析结果显示,心源性休克(回归系数=2.15,OR=8.58)和术后TIMI血流分级<3级(回归系数=1.97,OR=7.14)是急性STEMI患者住院期间发生MACE的独立危险因素(P值均<0.001),而年龄≥75岁、男性、发生心力衰竭和合并CTO病变均不是STEMI患者在住院期间发生MACE的独立危险因素(P值均>0.05)。结论冠状动脉多支血管病变对行PPCI的STEMI患者的短期预后无明显影响,而合并CTO病变的患者PPCI术后IRA血流恢复差,发生MACE的风险增大,且短期预后不良。冠状动脉造影检查发现急性STEMI患者合并CTO病变是确定高危患者的有力标志。     

血管内超声评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架再狭窄及早期血栓形成

Objective To identify underlying mechanical risk factors of that developed in-stent restenosis (ISR) or early stent thrombosis in sirolimus-eluting stent (SES)-treated lesions using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods IVUS were performed in 60 (ISR, n = 43; early stent thrombosis, n = 17) patients (event group) and in 34 patients without ISR and early stent thrombosis (noevent group) underwent SES implantations. Results Compared with the no-event group, minimum stent area [MSA, (4.6±1.6) mm2 vs. (5.8±1.6) mm2, P ＜0.01], minimum stent diameter [(2.2±0.5) mm vs. (2.5±0.4) mm, P＜0.01],andstentexpansion[(69.2±20.7)% vs. (80.6±17.2)%,P＜ 0.01] were significantly smaller, and longitudinal stent symmetry index (MSA/maximum stent area, 2.0±0.6 vs. 1.7±0.6, P ＜ 0.05) was significantly larger in the event group. Incidence of MSA ＜ 4.0 mm2(43.3% vs. 14.7%, P ＜0.01) and stent expansion ＜60% (40.7% vs. 11.8%, P ＜0.01) were more frequent in the event group than that in no-event group. Furthermore, proximal residual plaque burden was significantly higher compared to the no-event group [(49.0±15.5) % vs. (38.4±17.6) %, P ＜ 0.01]. Independent predictors of post SES 1SR or early thrombosis were MSA (OR:0.7, 95% CI:0.5-0.8, P ＜ 0.01) and proximal residual plaque burden (OR:280.7, 95% CI: 17.2-40 583.6, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion Smaller MSA and higher proximal residual plaque burden are independent predictors of ISR or early thrombosis post SES implantations.     

分叉病变双支架技术及评价

目前为数不多的随机研究表明与单支架技术相比,分叉病变介入治疗中双支架技术并未提供更多的益处.在主支血管内置入支架,必要时在分支血管内置入另一枚支架(Provision T支架术)仍然是分叉病变介入治疗中较为常用的治疗策略.但在临床实践中,仍有20%～30%的真性分叉病变需双支架技术,即便是在药物洗脱支架时代,双支架技术的应用也不应减少.如果病变弥漫性累及分支血管开口部位和近中段血管,分支血管直径＞2.5mm且供血范围较大,术者应选择双支架技术.目前尚无资料表明与单支架技术相比,双支架技术增加支架内血栓发生率.在采用双支架技术时,必须完全覆盖病变和进行最终球囊对吻.患者对双重抗血小板药物的依从性在改善患者的预后方面起至关重要的作用.     

血管内超声评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架再狭窄及早期血栓形成

Objective To identify underlying mechanical risk factors of that developed in-stent restenosis (ISR) or early stent thrombosis in sirolimus-eluting stent (SES)-treated lesions using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods IVUS were performed in 60 (ISR, n = 43; early stent thrombosis, n = 17) patients (event group) and in 34 patients without ISR and early stent thrombosis (noevent group) underwent SES implantations. Results Compared with the no-event group, minimum stent area [MSA, (4.6±1.6) mm2 vs. (5.8±1.6) mm2, P ＜0.01], minimum stent diameter [(2.2±0.5) mm vs. (2.5±0.4) mm, P＜0.01],andstentexpansion[(69.2±20.7)% vs. (80.6±17.2)%,P＜ 0.01] were significantly smaller, and longitudinal stent symmetry index (MSA/maximum stent area, 2.0±0.6 vs. 1.7±0.6, P ＜ 0.05) was significantly larger in the event group. Incidence of MSA ＜ 4.0 mm2(43.3% vs. 14.7%, P ＜0.01) and stent expansion ＜60% (40.7% vs. 11.8%, P ＜0.01) were more frequent in the event group than that in no-event group. Furthermore, proximal residual plaque burden was significantly higher compared to the no-event group [(49.0±15.5) % vs. (38.4±17.6) %, P ＜ 0.01]. Independent predictors of post SES 1SR or early thrombosis were MSA (OR:0.7, 95% CI:0.5-0.8, P ＜ 0.01) and proximal residual plaque burden (OR:280.7, 95% CI: 17.2-40 583.6, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion Smaller MSA and higher proximal residual plaque burden are independent predictors of ISR or early thrombosis post SES implantations.     

冠状动脉慢血流现象的临床分析

目的:探讨冠状动脉造影术中冠状动脉慢血流现象相关的危险因素.方法:回顾分析2008年1月-2009年12月295例因胸痛、胸闷、心悸等在复旦大学附属中山医院行冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉无明显病变患者的临床资料,根据判定标准分为慢血流组(n=196)及血流正常组(n=99).应用t检验和卡方检验比较2组间各项临床指标的差异,并采用多元Logistic回归分析对导致慢血流的各因素进行分析.结果:2组患者的年龄、高血压痛所占比例、白细胞计数、血小板计数、空腹血糖、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、超敏C反应蛋白水平等差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而慢血流组男性(73.5％比42.4％,P＜0.01)、吸烟者所占比例(36.2％比24.2％,P=0.038)显著高于血流正常组,高密度脂蛋白水平(1.12±0.25比1.21±0.36,P=0.014)显著低于血流正常组,血尿酸水平(370.34±107.9比326.90±92.4,P＜0.01)显著高于血流正常组.多元logistic逐步回归分析表明,男性、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇下降、尿酸升高是影响慢血流发生的危险因素.结论:吸烟、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低、尿酸升高可能参与冠脉慢血流发生的病理生理过程.     

血管内超声评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架再狭窄及早期血栓形成

Objective To identify underlying mechanical risk factors of that developed in-stent restenosis (ISR) or early stent thrombosis in sirolimus-eluting stent (SES)-treated lesions using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods IVUS were performed in 60 (ISR, n = 43; early stent thrombosis, n = 17) patients (event group) and in 34 patients without ISR and early stent thrombosis (noevent group) underwent SES implantations. Results Compared with the no-event group, minimum stent area [MSA, (4.6±1.6) mm2 vs. (5.8±1.6) mm2, P ＜0.01], minimum stent diameter [(2.2±0.5) mm vs. (2.5±0.4) mm, P＜0.01],andstentexpansion[(69.2±20.7)% vs. (80.6±17.2)%,P＜ 0.01] were significantly smaller, and longitudinal stent symmetry index (MSA/maximum stent area, 2.0±0.6 vs. 1.7±0.6, P ＜ 0.05) was significantly larger in the event group. Incidence of MSA ＜ 4.0 mm2(43.3% vs. 14.7%, P ＜0.01) and stent expansion ＜60% (40.7% vs. 11.8%, P ＜0.01) were more frequent in the event group than that in no-event group. Furthermore, proximal residual plaque burden was significantly higher compared to the no-event group [(49.0±15.5) % vs. (38.4±17.6) %, P ＜ 0.01]. Independent predictors of post SES 1SR or early thrombosis were MSA (OR:0.7, 95% CI:0.5-0.8, P ＜ 0.01) and proximal residual plaque burden (OR:280.7, 95% CI: 17.2-40 583.6, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion Smaller MSA and higher proximal residual plaque burden are independent predictors of ISR or early thrombosis post SES implantations.     

逆向导引钢丝捕获技术治疗慢性完全闭塞病变一例

冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变手术失败的主要原因之一是导引钢丝无法通过闭塞病变[1-4].当靶血管有可视侧支血管供应,如导引钢丝无法前向通过病变时,可尝试采用逆行导引钢丝反向通过闭塞病变.采用逆行导引钢丝技术时,当导引钢丝逆行通过闭塞病变后,可以采取逆行导引钢丝对吻技术、逆行导引钢丝通过技术或逆行导引钢丝捕获技术完成介入治疗[5-22].本文对一例使用逆向导引钢丝捕获技术成功开通闭塞病变的病例进行报道.     

病变血管长度对支架术后再狭窄的影响

目的评价病变血管长度对支架术后再狭窄的影响.方法采用前瞻性开放性研究,选择本院2001年1月至2002年7月准备接受冠状动脉(冠脉)支架置入术的患者.入选标准包括冠脉单支病变或多支病变;支架置入一只或一只以上;年龄18～75岁;有明确的冠心病史;目标病变冠脉目测直径2.75～4.0 mm;狭窄程度＞50%;病变血管长度＜30 mm;支架置入术后残余狭窄<10%.排除标准包括主动脉-冠脉窦口;无保护的左主干病变;左前降支或左回旋支起始点处2 mm内的病变;支架内再狭窄病变;近5 d内有急性心肌梗死史;目标病变处或附近有血栓.按病变血管长度≤20 mm和＞20 mm分成A组和B组.支架置入术后6个月复查冠脉造影,采用Medcon分析系统对造影结果进行QCA分析,以复查时冠状动脉管腔直径减少≥50%作为再狭窄的指标.结果 A组105例,B组56例.两组患者临床基线特征年龄、性别、体重指数、吸烟、高血压病、血脂异常、糖尿病、心肌梗死史、冠心病家族史,差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).支架置入术前冠脉造影显示靶血管病变的部位、类型差异亦无显著性(P＞0.05).术后主要用药基本相同(抗血小板制剂、硝酸酯类、转化酶抑制剂类、β-受体阻滞剂类、降脂药物、钙离子拮抗剂类),两组差异无显著性(P＞0.05).6个月冠状动脉造影结果QCA分析提示病变血管最小管径[(2.29±1.12) mm对(1.86±1.29) mm,P=0.028]、最终管径丢失[(0.85±1.03) mm对(1.22±1.18) mm,P=0.043]、丢失指数[(0.31±0.40)对(0.44±0.40),P=0.041].再狭窄率(26.7%对42.9%,P=0.036).两组比较差异有显著性.结论病变血管长度＞20 mm的患者支架术后再狭窄率明显增高,两者呈负相关.