Clinical analysis of peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Objective To observe the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) caused by lupus nephritis, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, or primary glomerulonephritis who were treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and then withdrew PD because of renal recovery. Methods Data of the above patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were diagnosed as RPGN and received PD therapy in Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University from February 2009 to August 2018. The patients were divided into early withdrawal group (PD time≤183 days, n=24) and late withdrawal group (PD time＞183 day, n=24). The differences of clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared. The cumulative incidence of adverse events in both groups was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the risk factors influencing the prognosis of patients. Results Forty-eight RPGN patients were included. The median time of maintaining PD was 178(76, 378) days. Compared with the late withdrawal group, the patients in early withdrawal group had lower levels of urine volume, serum albumin and parathyroid hormone, and lower rates of gross hematuria and hypertension at the beginning of PD, and received higher rates of methylprednisolone impulse, combined immunosuppressive agents, and hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy (all P＜0.05). At the time of PD withdrawal, the levels of serum creatinine, serum calcium, serum albumin and parathyroid hormone in the early withdrawal group were significantly lower than those in the late withdrawal group (all P＜0.05). The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that there was no significant difference in the cumulative survival of patients in both groups (log-rank test χ2=3.485, P=0.062). Cox regression analysis revealed serum creatinine≥209 μmol/L at the time of PD withdrawal was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (HR=5.253，95%CI 1.757-15.702, P=0.003). Conclusions PD can be used for RPGN patients caused by lupus nephritis, ANCA-associated vasculitis and primary nephritis. Serum creatinine≥209 μmol/L at the time of PD withdrawal is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis.     

消风散合凉血五根汤联合西药治疗成人过敏性紫癜性肾炎临床疗效及对患者血表皮生长因子、血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶的影响

目的观察消风散合凉血五根汤联合西药治疗成人过敏性紫癜性肾炎(HSPN)的临床疗效及对患者血表皮生长因子(EGF)、血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶(PAF-AH)的影响。方法将90例成人HSPN患者按照随机数字表法分为2组。对照组45例予常规西医治疗;治疗组45例在对照组基础上加服消风散合凉血五根汤治疗。2组均治疗8周。比较2组治疗前后中医证候评分、血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、24 h尿蛋白定量、尿红细胞计数(U-RBC)、尿微量白蛋白尿肌酐比值(UACR)、估算肾小球滤过率(e GFR)、血EGF、PAF-AH水平,并统计2组临床疗效及不良反应情况。结果治疗组总有效率88.89%,对照组总有效率68.89%,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组各项中医证候评分及总分均降低(P<0.05),治疗组治疗后各项中医证候评分及总分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组Cr、BUN、24 h尿蛋白定量、U-RBC、UACR均降低(P<0.05),e GFR升高(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后Cr、BUN、24 h尿蛋白定量、U-RBC、UACR均低于对照组(P<0.05),e GFR高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组血EGF、PAF-AH水平均降低(P<0.05),治疗组治疗后血EGF、PAF-AH水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组不良反应率(11.11%)低于对照组(26.67%,P<0.05)。结论成人HSPN在西医治疗基础上,加用消风散合凉血五根汤可提高临床疗效,不仅可改善临床症状,还能改善肾功能,降低糖皮质激素不良反应,其机制之一可能与其下调血EGF、PAF-AH水平有关。     

拟诊高血压肾硬化患者的临床病理分析

目的 探讨拟诊高血压肾硬化(HN)患者的临床特征及影响预后的因素，以期提高临床对该病诊断及治疗的认识。方法 回顾性分析我科63例最初拟诊HN且有肾活检诊断的患者的临床资料。根据肾脏病理学结果分为原发性肾炎(PN)组、良性肾小动脉硬化症(BN)组及恶性肾小动脉硬化症(MN)组，比较各组间临床参数及组织学特征。对确诊HN的患者分析影响其预后的临床及病理因素。结果 63例临床拟诊为HN的患者经肾组织活检病理诊断，37例(58.7%)为BN；12例(19.0%)为MN；14例(22.2%)为PN，HN诊断符合率为77.7%。BN组患者男性较多，年龄较大，高血压家族史比例及高血压病程明显高于PN组，而PN组尿蛋白定量高于BN及MN组。MN组左心室心肌重量指数(LVMI)高于PN组。BN组视网膜病变主要为0~Ⅱ级，占78%，而MN组则主要为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级。PN组球性硬化肾小球比率及小管慢性化指数(CI)积分均高于MN及BN组。MN及BN组肌内膜细胞增殖、小动脉玻璃样变等血管病变均较PN组明显，其中BN组改变最为显著。多因素回归分析提示收缩压(SBP)、尿蛋白定量、尿酸(UA)、总胆固醇(TC)是影响肾脏病进展的危险因素，优势比分别为2.563、2.467、2.323、2.357。结论 临床拟诊HN的患者不能排除PN。部分HN与PN患者临床表现相似，单纯依据病史及实验室检查难以区分。肾组织病理检查是确诊的最佳手段。 SBP、尿蛋白、TC、UA等因素可加速HN的病变进展。     

Corticosteroid therapy does not prevent nephritis in Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Nephritis occurs in 20%–50% of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), and the onset of renal involvement may be delayed for weeks or months in a substantial proportion of patients. The present study was performed to determine whether corticosteroid therapy was effective in preventing delayed nephritis in children with HSP. The medical records of 69 children with HSP were reviewed. Nineteen patients had acute nephritis occurring from 1–12 days after the onset of other signs and symptoms. The remaining 50 patients had no evidence of acute renal involvement. Of these 50 patients, 20 were treated during the acute phase of the illness with corticosteroids, while 30 never received corticosteroid therapy. Delayed nephritis (>3 weeks following an initial normal urinalysis) occurred in 4 of 20 (20%) patients who received prior corticosteroid treatment, and in 6 of 30 (20%) patients who were not treated. These results indicate that early corticosteroid therapy does not prevent delayed nephritis in children with HSP.     

复方肾华治疗大鼠改良慢性血清病肾炎的实验研究

目的　观察复方肾华胶囊对改良大鼠慢性血清病肾炎模型的治疗作用。方法　采取传统大鼠慢性血清病肾炎模型制作方法加上切除大鼠一侧肾脏、隔日饮饲牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)酸化水、腹腔注射大肠杆菌内毒素 (LPS)等措施 ,制作肾炎模型 ,与西药蒙诺作对照 ,观察中药肾华对肾炎大鼠尿蛋白、血生化、凝血指标、肾功能、病理、免疫荧光以及增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)表达的作用。结果　肾华胶囊能够显著减轻肾炎大鼠肾脏重量及肾重指数、降低肾炎大鼠尿蛋白、升高血清蛋白、降低胆固醇、甘油三酯、改善肾功能、纠正凝血功能紊乱、减轻肾脏病理改变、减轻免疫荧光变化、减弱PCNA的表达。结论　中药肾华胶囊对大鼠慢性血清病肾炎模型有较好的治疗作用     

Effects of Nephritis No.3 Recipe on Nitric Oxide,Nitric Oxide Synthase Secreted by Cultured Mesangial Cells in Rats and the Gene Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase

Objective:To explore the effect of the Nephritis No.3(N-3)recipe on nitric oxide(NO),nitric oxide synthase(NOS)secreted by cultured mesangial cells(MC)and its gene expression of the in-ducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).Methods:The drug(nephritis No.3)-containing serum was preparedwith serum pharmacological technique,and then was applied to react on mesangial cells cultured In fetalcalf serum(FCS)and cells cultured in FCS plus lipopolysaccharide.To observe the secretion of NO andNOS and the gene expression of iNOS by means of RT-PCR.Results:Under the two kinds of culture con-ditions,the content of NO and NOS in the groups with drug-containing serum were higher than thosewithout drug-containing serum(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of iNOS mRNA was up-regula-ted too.Conclusion:The N-3 could significantly promote the secretion of NO and NOS and the mRNA ex-pression of iNOS in rats.     

狼疮I号方治疗狼疮性肾炎热瘀证的临床研究

目的：观察攻下泄热化瘀法组成的狼疮I号方治疗狼疮性肾炎热瘀证的临床疗效分析。方法：对狼疮性肾炎热瘀证30例患者在常规西药治疗的基础上,加用狼疮I号方治疗,对照组采用常规西药治疗,观察两组治疗前后临床症状及实验室相关指标。结果：治疗1个月后补体C3治疗组及对照组均较治疗前明显升高,（P分别〈0.01和〈0.05）;24h尿蛋白定量治疗组及对照组均较治疗前明显下降,（P分别〈0.01和〈0.05）;血肌酐治疗组及对照组均较治疗有所下降,治疗组下降幅度大于对照组,但P〉0.05;SLEDAI积分治疗组及对照组均较治疗前明显减少（P〈0.01）,治疗组下降幅度大于对照组,但差异均无统计学意义;治疗组血浆FIB、D-二聚体较治疗前明显减少,P〈0.05;治疗组血浆tPA含量较治疗前明显增加,P〈0.05;对照组治疗前后血浆tPA含量无明显变化;治疗组及对照组血浆PAI-1含量均较治疗前明显下降,（P分别〈0.01和〈0.05）;治疗组热瘀证证候积分较治疗前及治疗后对照组均明显减少,P〈0.01和P〈0.05;对照组治疗前后热瘀证证候积分的差异无统计学意义。结论：狼疮性肾炎热瘀证攻下泄热化瘀法组成的狼疮I号方治疗狼疮性肾炎热瘀证短期临床疗效优于单纯西药治疗,特别在改善凝血纤溶指标及热瘀证证候方面。     

肾脏固有细胞和浸润细胞在肾小管间质病变中的作用

Tubulointerstitial lesions,occurring in many kinds of renal diseases,have been found to be the predominant factor in the impairment of renal function.The severe and extensive lesions often predict a poor outcome in future.It has been tested recent years that the infiltrating inflammatory cells might play important roles in the onset and deterioration of tubulointerstitial injuries.On the other hand,the resident cells,including the tubular epithelial cells and the fibroblasts,also directly take part in tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis.Researches also dispaly implicated interactions between the infiltrating cells and the resident cells,which contribute to the amplification of inflammation and the progress of fibrosis.     

肾炎益气液对肾毒血清性肾炎大鼠肾脏超微结构的影响

目的:观察肾毒血清性肾炎大鼠肾组织超微结构变化及肾炎益气液对该变化的影响。方法: 采用大鼠肾毒血清性肾炎模型,常规电镜制片、染色,观察肾组织超微结构的变化。结果: 注射肾毒血清(NTS)后,病理组大鼠电镜下可见明显的系膜细胞增生,系膜基质增多,毛细血管腔闭塞及上皮下、内皮下电子致密物沉积等多种病理损伤性变化。而肾炎益气液组上述病变有所减轻。结论: 肾炎益气液有不同程度减轻肾小球电镜下病变的作用。     

被动型Heymann肾炎大鼠外周血淋巴细胞诱生IL－2水平的动态观察

为了检测被动型ｎｅｙｍａｎｎｇ肾炎（ＰＨＮ）大鼠细胞免疫状况，我们将抗肾小管刷状缘的抗体腹腔注射大鼠体内而建立了被动Ｈｅｙｍａｎｎ肾炎模型，在ＰＨＮ的最初２８ｄ，用ＭＴＴ比色法检测了７ｄ．１４ｄ、２８ｄ时外周血淋巴细胞诱生ＩＬ－２水平的变化，结果７ｄ时ＩＬ－２水平为２６．５２±１０．７２Ｕ／ｍｌ，与正常对照组３９．８０±９．４０Ｕ／ｍｌ相比显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），１４ｄ时ＩＬ－２水平为３０．６８±１１．７９Ｕ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜Ｏ．０５），２８ｄ时ＩＬ－２水平为３２．７２±８．７２Ｕ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５），提示ＰＨＮ大鼠存在免疫功能紊乱。