颈椎终板弧形高度与椎间隙后缘骨赘的相关性研究

目的：通过对颈椎病患者上下终板弧形高度、椎间隙高度与椎间隙后骨赘的影像学测量，研究其相关性及其临床应用价值。方法：收集2017年9月至2018年9月颈椎病手术108例患者的临床资料，男48例，年龄30~72岁，平均52岁，女60例，年龄37~79岁，平均54岁。其中C_2，3 6例，C_3，4 15例，C_4，5 32例，C_5，6 42例，C_6，7 13例。术前及术后摄颈椎X线片，利用PACS（Picture Archiving and Communication Systems）调阅影像，测量椎间隙的下上终板弧形高度（L₁，L₂），椎间隙高度（L₃）及后方骨赘的宽度（L₄）。利用Spearman分析它们之间的相关性。结果：L₁与L₄对比（r=-0.34，P<0.05），L₃与L₄对比（r=-0.36，P<0.05），存在负相关。L₁与L₃对比（r=0.38，P<0.05），L₂与L₃对比（r=0.48，P<0.05），存在正相关。L₁与L₂对比（P>0.05），L₂与L₄对比（P>0.05），差异无统计学意义。结论：下终板弧形高度与椎间隙后缘骨赘宽度呈负相关，通过其测量可明确颈椎退变程度，对颈椎病的早期防治有指导意义。     

Endplate channel actions of a hemicholinium-3 analog,DMAE

Summary The effect of the hemicholium-3 analog, DMAE, on endplate currents (EPC) was investigated in the transected cutaneous pectoris muscle of the frog using a conventional two-microelectrode voltage clamp. At a low concentration (5 M), DMAE produced a long-lasting decrease in the rate constant of decay () and an increase in the peak current amplitude (Ip). At higher concentrations (10–100 M), DMAE produced biphasic changes characterized by a transient, marked decrease of and increase of Ip followed by a long-lasting marked increase of and decrease of Ip. When DMAE was removed from the bath recovery from block was asymmetrical in that recovered more quickly than did Ip. Pretreatment with neostigmine or collagenase partially antagonized the initial effects without affecting the steady state effects of DMAE, indicating that the initial effects of DMAE may be, at least in part, due to inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The drug reverses the normal voltage dependence of without altering the single exponential nature of decay of the EPC. The inward EPC was more markedly blocked than outward EPC, resulting in a highly non-linear current-voltage relation with Ip decreasing with increasing hyperpolarization. This effect may indicate that DMAE causes a voltage-dependent block of closed acetylcholine-activated ion channels.     

腰椎斜外侧椎间融合术后融合器沉降的原因分析

目的:观察斜外侧椎间融合(oblique lateral interbody fusion,OLIF)治疗腰椎病变术后融合器沉降现象,总结融合器沉降特点,并分析其原因,提出预防性措施。方法:回顾性分析2015年10月至2018年12月收治的144例腰椎病变资料,其中男43例,女101例;年龄20~81(60.90±10.06)岁;腰椎间盘退行性病变17例,巨大型腰椎间盘突出12例,椎间盘源性腰痛5例,腰椎管狭窄症33例,腰椎退行性滑脱26例,腰椎椎弓峡部裂伴椎体滑脱28例,腰椎内固定术后邻椎病11例,炎症转归期原发性椎间隙炎7例,腰椎退行性侧后凸5例。术前双能X线骨密度检查提示存在骨量减少或骨质疏松57例,骨密度正常87例。融合节段数:单节段124例,2节段11例,3节段8例,4节段1例。采用Stand-alone OLIF 40例,OLIF联合后路椎弓根螺钉固定104例。记录术后融合器沉降的发生情况,对可能风险因素进行单因素分析,观察融合器沉降对于临床结果的影响。结果:所有手术顺利完成,手术时间中位数99 min,术中出血量中位数106 ml;术中发生终板损伤30例,合并椎体骨折5例。所有患者获得随访,时间6~30(14.57±7.14)个月。随访过程中除原发性腰椎间隙炎病例、部分腰椎椎弓峡部裂伴椎体滑脱病例,其余出现不同程度的融合器沉降现象,其中正常沉降119例,异常沉降25例(Ⅰ级23例,Ⅱ级2例)。未出现椎弓根螺钉系统松动或断裂现象,椎间隙高度由术前的(9.48±1.84) mm恢复至术后3~5 d的(12.65±2.03) mm及末次随访时的 (10.51±1.81) mm,术后3~5 d与术前比较、末次随访与术后3~5 d比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。椎间融合率为94.4%(136/144)。腰痛和腿痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)分别由术前的(6.55±2.29)、(4.72±1.49)分降低至末次随访时的(1.40±0.82)、(0.60±0.03)分(P<0.000 1);ODI由术前的(38.50±6.98)%恢复至末次随访时的(11.30±3.27)%(P<0.05)。并发症发生率为31.3%(45/144),再手术率9.72%(14/144),其中因融合器沉降或移位而再次手术8例,占再手术的57.14%(8/14)。单因素分析结果显示:在骨量减少或骨质疏松组、Stand-alone OLIF组、2节段或以上融合组、终板损伤组中其异常沉降例数分别高于骨量正常组、OLIF联合椎弓根螺钉固定组、单节段融合组、终板无损伤组。结论:融合器沉降是OLIF术后较为常见的现象,术前骨量减少或骨质疏松、Stand-alone OLIF应用、2节段或以上融合和术中终板损伤可能是术后融合器沉降的重要因素。虽然融合器沉降程度与临床症状无明显相关,但存在融合器移位的风险,需要加强预防,以降低因融合器沉降而带来的严重并发症,包括再手术。     

A Positive Feedback Loop Between Th17 Cells and Dendritic Cells in Patients with Endplate Inflammation

Background: Endplate inflammation remains a difficult disease to treat, in part due to its unclear pathology. Previous experiments showed that patients with idiopathic inflammation presented a systemic upregulation of Th17 cells. Here, we investigated how this change might affect the inflammatory environment in endplate inflammation.

Methods: Peripheral blood was obtained from patients and healthy controls, and Th17 cells were examined.Results: Th17 cells significantly increased the differentiation of CD11c+ and DC-SIGN+ dendritic cells (DCs) from circulating monocytes in the absence of exogenous stimulation as well as in the presence of LPS stimulation. Th17 cells also increased CD80 and CD86 expression by DCs. Importantly, although Th17 cells from both healthy controls and patients with endplate inflammation could induce CD11c, DC-SIGN, CD80, and CD86 expression, Th17 cells from patients with endplate inflammation showed significantly more potent capacity. Both contact-dependent and IL-17-dependent mechanisms were employed by Th17 cells, since blocking cell-to-cell contact significantly inhibited Th17-mediated differentiation of CD11c+ DCs, and neutralization of IL-17 reduced the expression of CD80 and CD86. Strikingly, DCs following incubation with Th17 cells, but not the DCs derived directly from monocytes without Th17 cells, could significantly promote the expression of IL-17 from naive CD4+ T cells.

Conclusions: These results demonstrated that Th17 cells from patients with endplate inflammation could potently induce the differentiation and activation of DCs that preferentially promoted IL-17 response in a positive feedback loop.     

TNF-α和PGP9.5在椎体后缘离断症软骨终板的表达及意义

目的:观察TNF-α、PGP 9.5在椎体后缘离断症软骨终板中的表达、分布,探讨其与椎体后缘离断发生、发展的关系。方法:选取手术治疗的12例椎体后缘离断症患者的病椎软骨终板与4例椎体骨折伤椎软骨终板作对照研究。病椎标本包括离断缘及远离离断缘软骨终板组织。切片行TNF-α和PGP 9.5免疫组织化学染色,应用病理图像分析系统测量光密度值(OD值),观测其在椎体软骨终板的表达与分布。结果:骨折椎体的软骨终板内未见TNF-α和PGP 9.5免疫组化阳性染色。椎体离断缘软骨终板组织中,TNF-α和PGP 9.5表达均高于远离离断缘的软骨终板组织(P﹤0.05)。结论:TNF-α和PGP 9.5在椎体后缘离断症的软骨终板中均有表达,终板不同区域其表达存在差异性,局部高表达与椎体后缘离断有密切关系。     

胸腰椎骨折内固定术后伤椎椎体中央高度恢复的影像学研究及临床意义

目的 :探讨后路经伤椎与跨伤椎椎弓根螺钉内固定对胸腰椎骨折椎体中央高度恢复的影响及其临床意义。方法:回顾性分析我院2011年1月~2012年12月收治的胸腰椎骨折病例67例,其中男36例,女31例,年龄17~52岁,平均37.8±7.5岁。所有患者为T11~L2单椎体骨折(AO分型为A型),且无严重的神经脊髓症状(ASIA分级为D、E级)。均采用后路短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定术式,按固定方式不同分为经伤椎固定组(A组,n=37)、跨伤椎固定组(B组,n=30)。在PACS图像系统上测量X线侧位片伤椎椎体前缘高度(Ha)、椎体中央高度(Hm)、椎体后缘高度(Hp)及后凸Cobb角,计算Ha压缩率、Hm压缩率,比较术前、术后1周、末次随访时Ha压缩率、Hm压缩率及Cobb角,观察术后骨折椎体中央高度恢复的情况。结果:所有患者获得18~40个月的随访,平均随访时间26.5±8.9个月。无论经伤椎固定还是跨伤椎固定,术后Ha压缩率、Hm压缩率及Cobb角均较术前有显著减少(P0.05),其中A组患者Hm压缩率术前为(44.8±10.3)%,术后1周时为(31.6±7.1)%,末次随访时为(31.3±6.8)%。B组患者Hm压缩率术前为(38.6±8.3)%,术后1周时为(32.0±8.4)%,末次随访时为(31.7±8.6)%。A、B两组患者术后椎体中央高度均有约30%的压缩残留。结论 :经伤椎和跨伤椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折均可促进骨折椎体前缘及中央高度的恢复,改善节段后凸角度,但术后伤椎椎体中央高度有明显压缩残留。     

The evolution of degenerative marrow (Modic) changes in the cervical spine in neck pain patients

Purpose

To evaluate the natural course of end plate marrow (Modic) changes (MC) in the cervical spine on MRI scans of patients with neck pain. A few longitudinal studies have assessed the development of MC over time in the lumbar spine but only two recent studies evaluated MC in the cervical spine in asymptomatic volunteers and those with whiplash. Thus, this study now reports on the natural course of MC in the cervical spine in symptomatic patients.

Methods

From the cervical MRI scans of 426 neck pain patients (mean age 61.2 years), 64 patients had follow-up MRI studies. The prevalence and types of MC were retrospectively assessed on the follow-up scans and compared to the original MRI findings.

Results

With an average of 2.5 years between the two MRI scans, the prevalence of MC type 1 (MC1) noted at baseline (7.4 % or 19 motion segments) slightly increased (8.2 % or 21 segments) but the prevalence of MC2 (14.5 % or 37 segments) increased considerably (22.3 % or 57 segments). In addition, 14 new MC1 segments and 8 new MC2 segments were noted. Twelve segments with MC1 at baseline converted to MC2 at follow-up. No conversion from MC2 to MC1 or reverting to a normal image was observed.

Conclusions

MC in the cervical spine are a dynamic phenomenon similar to the lumbar spine.     

MED与微创TLIF治疗伴Modic改变的腰椎间盘突出症的对比研究

目的：对比分析椎间盘镜下髓核切除术（MED）与微创经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术（TLIF）治疗伴Modic改变的腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年9月至2008年12月解放军第188医院收治的59例伴Modic改变腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床资料,其中MED组30例、微创TLIF组29例,对比两组疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评分的差异。结果59例患者均获得有效随访,随访时间0.5～5年,平均随访时间3年2个月。两组患者术后切口均获Ⅰ期愈合,无椎间隙感染和神经功能损伤。MED组术后5例复发,均表现为下腰痛伴下肢放射性疼痛,MRI检查证实为原位椎间盘再次突出,后采用TLIF术治愈;微创TILF组术后无复发,X线片检查示所有患者骨性融合。术前两组患者VAS及ODI评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。末次随访时,两组患者VAS及ODI评分均较术前显著下降（P＜0.05）;微创TLIF组明显优于MED组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论与MED比较,微创TLIF治疗伴Modic改变的腰椎间盘突出症具有复发率低、疼痛缓解理想、功能恢复快等优势。     

Antiplatelet prescribing patterns for TIA and ischemic stroke: the Indiana University experience

This study assessed the effect of muscle unloading on the neuromuscular system. Sixteen male Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned to either a hindlimb suspension (unloaded) or control group (N=8/group) for 16 days. Following this intervention period, pre- and postsynaptic features of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of soleus muscles were stained with cytofluorescent techniques, and myofibers were histochemically stained for ATPase activity. The data indicate that 16 days of muscle unloading resulted in significant (P<0.05) atrophy among myofibers (>50%) that was evident among all three major fiber types (I, IIA and IIX), but failed to significantly alter any aspect of NMJ morphology quantified. These results demonstrate an impressive degree of NMJ resilience despite dramatic remodeling of associated myofibers. This may be of benefit during post-unloading rehabilitative measures where effective neuromuscular communication is essential.     

The inhibitory effect of cadmium on neuromuscular transmission in the rat.

Cadmium (0.125-1 mM) was found to inhibit the isometric response of the isolated rat hemidiaphragm during indirect stimulation, but not during direct stimulation. This effect of cadmium (1 mM) was completely reversed by ethyleneglycol bis-(aminoethyl)-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid (2 mM) or by L-cysteine (2 mM) but only partially by increased calcium. Cadmium (10 micronM) significantly reduced the quantal release of transmitter in the isolated phrenic diaphragm and a concentration of 0.1 mM frequently caused a complete failure of the endplate response after 30 min. The effect of cadmium on neuromuscular transmission could not be readily reversed by washing with cadmium-free solution. Miniature endplate potential frequency and amplitude were not significantly affected by cadmium (0.1 or 0.5 mM). The results suggest that the effect of cadmium on the isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm is due largely to inhibition of calcium function at presynaptic nerve terminals.