Brachytherapy: An emblematic example of extreme hypofractionated regimen

In order to provide more convenient irradiation regimens for patient comfort, radiation facility organization and health expenses, new hypofractionated protocols have been evaluated. Moderately (dose/fraction: 2.3 to 3 Gy), then ultra (dose/fraction: 5.2 to 6.1 Gy) hypofractionated irradiations were first validated. The current question is: is it possible to go forward using extreme hypofractionated regimens (EHR) based on 1 to 3 fractions. Different irradiation techniques are under investigation. However, brachytherapy remains the smartest way to deliver a high dose in a small volume. We report prospective and retrospective study results which evaluated EHR for breast and prostate brachytherapy. While oncological outcome and toxicity profile appear extremely encouraging for low-risk breast cancer after a 1 to 4 fractions (6.25 to 20 Gy/fraction), the use of a single fraction of 19 to 23 Gy appears debatable for prostate cancer. Brachytherapy represents an emblematic example of EHR but longer follow-up and more mature results are awaited in order to specify the right indications and refine the EQD2 calculation method including new biological and technical factors.     

Evaluating a Food Pantry–Based Intervention to Improve Food Security,Dietary Intake,and Quality in Midwestern Food Pantries

BackgroundVoices for Food was a longitudinal community, food pantry–based intervention informed by the social ecological model, and designed to improve food security, dietary intake, and quality among clients, which was carried out in 24 rural food pantries across 6 Midwestern states.ObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate changes in adult food security, dietary intake, and quality from baseline (2014) to follow-up (2016), and to assess the role of adult food security on dietary outcomes.DesignA multistate, longitudinal, quasi-experimental intervention with matched treatment and comparison design was used to evaluate treatment vs comparison group changes over time and changes in both groups over time.Participants/settingAdult food pantry clients (n = 617) completed a demographic food security survey, and up to three 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline (n = 590) and follow-up (n = 160).InterventionCommunity coaching served as the experimental component, which only “treatment” communities received, and a food council guide and food pantry toolkit were provided to both “treatment” and matched “comparison” communities.Main outcome measuresChange in adult food security status, mean usual intakes of nutrients and food groups, and Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores were the main outcome measures.Statistical analyses performedLinear mixed models estimated changes in outcomes by intervention group and by adult food security status over time.ResultsImprovements in adult food security score (–0.7 ± 0.3; P = .01), Healthy Eating Index-2010 total score (4.2 ± 1.1; P < .0001), and empty calories component score (3.4 ± 0.5; P <.0001) from baseline to follow-up were observed in treatment and comparison groups, but no statistically significant changes were found for adult food security status, dietary quality, and usual intakes of nutrients and food groups between the 2 groups over time. The intervention effect on dietary quality and usual intake changes over time by adult food security status were also not observed.ConclusionsFood pantry clients in treatment and comparison groups had higher food security and dietary quality at the follow-up evaluation of the Voices for Food intervention trial compared with baseline, despite the lack of difference among the groups as a result of the experimental coaching component.     

胆囊结石合并胆总管结石术后患者复发情况及危险因素分析

目的 探讨胆囊结石合并胆总管结石(CBDS)术后患者复发情况及危险因素。方法 纳入114例2019年1月~2020年12月在本院行ECRP联合LC治疗的胆囊结石合并CBDS患者,回顾性分析其临床资料,根据所选患者ECRP联合LC术后随访1年内是否复发(REC)将其分为REC组(32例)和未REC组(82例)。回顾性统计胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC情况,比较REC组和未REC组的临床资料,并分析胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC的危险因素。结果 114例胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC32例,发生率28.07%。胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC的危险因素为胆道感染、胆道口括约肌切开、术者经验≤3年、胆道括约肌功能障碍(OR=4.170、4.047、3.568、3.367,P<0.05)。结论 胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC的危险因素与胆道感染、胆道口括约肌切开、术者经验≤3年、胆道括约肌功能障碍密切相关,可据此针对性制定临床治疗及护理干预措施方案,以降低胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC率。     

北京市三级甲等医院结直肠癌患者就医流向规律分析

目的 分析不同特征的结直肠癌患者就医行为选择在中医院（含中西医结合医院）、西医院及肿瘤专科医院间的差异，为合理引导结直肠癌患者适宜就医及制订相关政策提供依据。方法 收集北京地区2018年1月-2019年12月17家三级甲等医院21894例首诊结直肠癌成年住院患者的病案首页数据，采用EmpowerStats 2.0对数据进行描述性分析。结果 21894例结直肠癌患者中就诊于中医院的有862例（3.93%），西医院的有8723例（39.85%），肿瘤专科医院的有12309例（56.22%）。对于不同医疗机构，男性占比均大于女性，58-68岁患者占比最大。且结直肠癌患者年龄、医疗付款方式及肿瘤分期在不同医疗机构间的分布存在差异（P<0.001）。西医院及肿瘤专科医院结直肠癌Ⅲ期患者占比最大，而就诊于中医院患者中结直肠癌Ⅳ期最多。从地域分布来看，异地就诊比例（57.32%）大于本地，且就诊于肿瘤专科医院的患者中73.66%来自外地。患者来源前三名分别是北京市、河北省及内蒙古自治区。而在北京市内，西医院患者主要来源于朝阳区、海淀区及西城区，中医院患者主要来源于海淀区、朝阳区及丰台区，肿瘤专科医院则主要来源于朝阳区、海淀区及丰台区。结论 应大力倡导年轻以及早期结直肠癌患者向中医院分流，充分施展中医药在结直肠癌患者中的治疗优势；发挥三级医院带动作用，建立对口帮扶医院，减少不必要的跨省流动及提倡结直肠癌的早筛早治，以降低结直肠癌死亡率。     

PCI术后病人的体力活动水平及其影响因素分析研究

目的:探讨经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后病人的体力活动水平及其影响因素。方法:选择常州市三级甲等综合医院心内科接受PCI治疗的冠心病病人,收集资料,分析PCI术后冠心病病人体力活动动机、体力活动和自我效能现状;冠心病病人自我效能、体力活动动机与体力活动的相关性,并分析影响PCI术后病人体力活动水平的相关危险因素。结果:共发放调查问卷400份,回收400份,有效率为94.75%(379/400);379例冠心病病人术后每周体力活动为(3570.85±314.19)MET-min,以低、中强度为主;冠心病病人术后自我效能总分、体力活动动机总分与体力活动呈正相关(P<0.05);体质指数(BMI)、PCI次数≥2次、年龄、PCI支架数量≥3枚、自我效能、体力活动动机是影响PCI术后冠心病病人体力活动水平的高危因素(OR>1且P<0.05)。结论:PCI术后病人体力活动水平处于较低的水平,PCI次数、BMI、年龄、PCI支架数量、自我效能、体力活动动机是影响PCI术后冠心病病人体力活动水平的高危因素,临床需针对各高危因素制定相应的干预措施,提高病人体力活动水平。     

儿童颌面部骨折诊疗研究进展

儿童处于生长发育特殊阶段，其颌面部解剖结构、牙列情况及心理状态与成年人有明显区别。颌面部骨折患儿常出现面部发育畸形、张口受限、咬合关系紊乱等，严重影响患儿的日常生活。因此，儿童颌面部骨折的诊疗一直是临床上的难题，也是国内外的研究热点。颌面部骨折好发于青少年，损伤原因多为意外跌倒、交通伤及运动伤。近年来，数字化外科技术为儿童颌面部骨折提供精确的诊断及微创的治疗。国内外学者对于儿童颌面部骨折治疗理念逐渐倾向于手术治疗，选择可吸收材料对儿童颌面部骨折进行固定，降低对儿童面部发育的影响。长期随访对于儿童颌面部骨折患儿具有重要意义，有助于监测患儿面部发育情况。此外，临床医生应注意患儿的心理状态。对于创伤较重或发现有心理问题的患儿，应尽早干预治疗。文章就近年儿童颌面部骨折流行病学特点、诊断、治疗原则及伴发的心理问题做一综述。     

Patient navigation across the cancer care continuum: An overview of systematic reviews and emerging literature

Patient navigation is a strategy for overcoming barriers to reduce disparities and to improve access and outcomes. The aim of this umbrella review was to identify, critically appraise, synthesize, and present the best available evidence to inform policy and planning regarding patient navigation across the cancer continuum. Systematic reviews examining navigation in cancer care were identified in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Epistemonikos, and Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) databases and in the gray literature from January 1, 2012, to April 19, 2022. Data were screened, extracted, and appraised independently by two authors. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Review and Research Syntheses was used for quality appraisal. Emerging literature up to May 25, 2022, was also explored to capture primary research published beyond the coverage of included systematic reviews. Of the 2062 unique records identified, 61 systematic reviews were included. Fifty-four reviews were quantitative or mixed-methods reviews, reporting on the effectiveness of cancer patient navigation, including 12 reviews reporting costs or cost-effectiveness outcomes. Seven qualitative reviews explored navigation needs, barriers, and experiences. In addition, 53 primary studies published since 2021 were included. Patient navigation is effective in improving participation in cancer screening and reducing the time from screening to diagnosis and from diagnosis to treatment initiation. Emerging evidence suggests that patient navigation improves quality of life and patient satisfaction with care in the survivorship phase and reduces hospital readmission in the active treatment and survivorship care phases. Palliative care data were extremely limited. Economic evaluations from the United States suggest the potential cost-effectiveness of navigation in screening programs.