短期非融合固定治疗枢椎齿状突Ⅱ型骨折后的颈椎活动度

[目的]探讨短期寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉非融合固定治疗枢椎齿状突Ⅱ型骨折后颈椎活动功能。[方法]2012年2月~2017年12月,选取枢椎齿状突II型骨折后接受后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉非融合内固定术,并二次手术取出内固定物的患者32例。对比患者自身前后两次手术后颈椎过伸过屈、左右旋转角度,同时参考正常人群颈椎活动度进行比较。[结果]32例患者均顺利完成C1/2椎弓根螺钉非融合内固定术,经影像学确认内固定位置良好,无血管、神经损伤等并发症的发生。于初次内固定术后4~15个月,平均(9.55±2.72)个月,32例患者再次入院行内固定取出术。取内固定术后平均随访(16.41±4.25)个月。末次随访时32例患者前屈、后伸、左旋转和右旋转ROM均显著大于取内固定之前角度(P<0.05),但仍显著不及正常人。[结论]短期寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉非融合内固定治疗枢椎齿状突骨折,可有效保留颈椎活动功能,值得临床推广应用。     

基于层次分析法（AHP）的保健食品原料评价体系构建及分析

目的建立保健食品原料评价体系(Functional Food Crude Materials Evaluation System,FUFMES),为保健食品原料目录排名提供科学依据与技术保障。方法首先,利用文献调研和多轮专家访谈方法筛选FUFMES的指标并确定其层级关系;第二,使用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)计算指标权重,具体方法是依据专家打分构建判断矩阵,利用R语言进行一致性检验与最大特征根检验,得出各级指标权重;第三,使用极值法计算原料的单个指标值;第四,利用线性加权综合法得到每种原料的评价指数并据此进行排名;最后,将获得的分析结果与专家评价结果进行比较。结果 FUFMES包括6个一级指标、39个二级指标、11个三级指标。利用FUFMES对9种保健食品原料进行评价,获得的评价指数依次是:西洋参(0.49)、人参(0.48)、银杏叶(0.21)、灵芝孢子粉(0.08)、鱼油(0.06)、螺旋藻(0.03)、辅酶Q10(0.02)、褪黑素(0.01)、大蒜油(-0.03)。基于该评价指数的排名结果与专家评价结果显示了较高一致性。结论构建了科学、完整的FUFMES,FUFMES将成为保健食品原料目录评价与排名的有力工具,为推进保健食品原料备案制提供科学依据与技术保障。     

中药火麻仁基原植物大麻的TIFY基因家族鉴定及功能分析

目的:从全基因组层面对大麻(Cannabis sativa)TIFY基因家族进行鉴定与功能分析,为解析大麻TIFY家族基因功能及其对大麻素等次生代谢产物生物合成的调控机理奠定基础。方法:采用已有大麻基因组数据,通过NCBI,PlantTFDB,MEME及TBtools等生物信息学分析工具,鉴定大麻中的TIFY家族基因,并对其编码蛋白的理化性质、系统进化、基因结构、染色体定位及组织差异表达模式等进行分析和可视化作图。结果:该研究共鉴定到大麻TIFY家族基因成员14个(CsTIFY1～CsTIFY14),分属于TIFY,JAZ,ZML和PPD共4个亚家族,其核酸序列长度为365～1 369 bp,编码氨基酸长度为118～442 aa,等电点为4.64～9.96。14个CsTIFYs不均匀的分布在8条染色体上,亚细胞定位预测其蛋白均定位细胞核中。CsTIFYs基因的启动子区具有多种非生物胁迫响应的顺式作用元件,可参与植物的不同生长发育和非生物胁迫调控。转录组表达热图分析表明,CsTIFYs在不同大麻品种的雌花及同一品种的花、苞片、茎、叶中均存在表达差异。结论:该研究从全基因组水平鉴定到大麻CsTIFY家族转录因子14个,并对其结构特点和表达模式进行研究,预测大麻CsTIFYs可能在大麻的JA信号转导通路、非生物胁迫及大麻素生物合成中发挥重要调控作用,将对大麻中TIFY家族的基因功能研究以及大麻优质品种选育提供科学参考。     

基于高通量测序技术的三叉苦幼苗转录组数据分析

目的获得三叉苦Melicope pteleifolia转录组信息特征。方法以三叉苦幼苗根、茎、叶混合样品为对象,采用二代高通量测序平台Illumina HiSeq~(TM) 2000进行转录组测序并进行系统的生物信息学分析。结果转录组测序分析共获得47 045 040条高质量序列(clean reads),Trinity de novo组装获得67 956条unigenes,平均长度787 nt。BLAST分析显示分别有42 749(61.92%)、31 152(45.84%)、26 563(39.0 9%)、17 481(25.72%)条unigenes在NR、Swiss-port、KOG、KEGG数据库得到注释信息,参与生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能3个GO类别的47个小组,共9807条unigenes注释到130个KEGG代谢通路中,筛选到19条次生代谢通路,KOG功能分类分析获得25个不同的KOG功能类群。预测共有高等植物转录因子56个家族;借助MISA软件发现7 748个SSRs,三碱基重复SSRs数量最丰富,有4 117个,出现频率为53.1%,五碱基重复SSRs相对较少,占2.2%。结论利用高通量测序技术和生物信息分析获得三叉苦转录组信息特征,为后续三叉苦功能基因的挖掘、次生代谢途径解析及其调控机制研究奠定基础。     

Brain activation during the voiding phase of micturition in healthy adults: A meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies

Several studies have used a variety of neuroimaging techniques to measure brain activity during the voiding phase of micturition. However, there is a lack of consensus on which regions of the brain are activated during voiding. The aim of this meta‐analysis is to identify the brain regions that are consistently activated during voiding in healthy adults across different studies. We searched the literature for neuroimaging studies that reported brain co‐ordinates that were activated during voiding. We excluded studies that reported co‐ordinates only for bladder filling, during pelvic floor contraction only, and studies that focused on abnormal bladder states such as the neurogenic bladder. We used the activation‐likelihood estimation (ALE) approach to create a statistical map of the brain and identify the brain co‐ordinates that were activated across different studies. We identified nine studies that reported brain activation during the task of voiding in 91 healthy subjects. Together, these studies reported 117 foci for ALE analysis. Our ALE map yielded six clusters of activation in the pons, cerebellum, insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), thalamus, and the inferior frontal gyrus. Regions of the brain involved in executive control (frontal cortex), interoception (ACC, insula), motor control (cerebellum, thalamus), and brainstem (pons) are involved in micturition. This analysis provides insight into the supraspinal control of voiding in healthy adults and provides a framework to understand dysfunctional voiding. Clin. Anat., 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Functional MRI activation patterns of cerebellum in patients with epilepsy and brain tumors

Function of cerebellum in control and coordination of motor function has been well established for several years. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies reveal activation of cerebellum with memory, speech and language tasks. We hypothesize that during every function in the brain signals are relayed to cerebellum. We seek to analyze cognitive, emotional and social functions of cerebellum in patients with brain tumors and epilepsy utilizing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Fifty‐one consecutive adult patients who underwent functional MRI examination were retrospectively analyzed for various activation patterns involving cerebellum. The neuropsychological battery of tasks assessed motor, language, memory, visual and auditory functions. Cognitive ability of all participants was assessed by Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA). Patterns were analyzed for specific lobes and locations in the cerebellum. We found that simultaneous cerebellar activation is a consistent finding with brain activation during every functional MRI task that we tested except visual task. The patterns of functional MRI cerebellar activation were similar in both patient subgroups and control subjects compared to previously described patterns in normal subjects. Clin. Anat. 32:1053–1060, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

手法整复可调式外固定支具治疗第5掌骨颈骨折临床研究

目的:探讨可调式外固定支具治疗第5掌骨颈骨折的可行性及有效性。方法:选取2014年1月～2017年6月我院收治的54例第5掌骨颈骨折患者作为研究对象,随机分为A组和B组,每组27例。A组行闭合复位交叉克氏针固定,B组行手法整复可调式外固定支具固定,比较两组末次随访第5掌指关节活动度和主观满意度。结果:随访4～10个月,两组患者第5掌指关节活动度(ROM)值相比较,差异无统计学意义,P0.05;两组的主观满意度相比较,差异无统计学意义,P0.05。结论:手法整复可调式外固定支具固定可为第5掌骨颈骨折提供可靠、有效的固定,有助于患者的早期功能恢复,是一种有效的治疗方法。