逆行髋臼前柱拉力螺钉内固定的应用解剖学研究

[目的]为逆行髋臼前柱拉力螺钉内固定提供应用解剖学基础。[方法]取半骨盆标本20个,自髋臼切迹至髋臼上缘每隔5.0 mm作系列截骨面,找到最小截骨面,用圆盘法确定其圆心及直径,用斯氏针由该截面的圆心逆行打入,在髂骨后外侧穿出。将该截面下方的系列截面解剖复位,再将斯氏针顺行打入前柱,由耻骨上支前外侧穿出,该穿出点为P,P即为逆行髋臼前柱拉力螺钉入钉点。测量其在髋臼前柱骨皮质内的长度,将耻骨结节命名为A,将髂耻隆起命名为B,测量AB及PA的距离,并观察该斯氏针的方向。[结果]最小截骨面位于髋臼切迹上方15.0 mm处,该截面平均直径为(4.9±1.7)mm,髋臼前柱骨皮质内斯氏针长度为(86.8±7.2)mm,P位于耻骨上支前缘闭孔嵴上,P距耻骨结节(A)的距离PA为(2.3±0.4)mm,耻骨结节(A)距髂耻隆起(B)的距离AB为(4.7±0.3)mm,P约为AB的中点,该斯氏针与弓状线平行。[结论]逆行髋臼前柱拉力螺钉入钉点P位于耻骨上支耻骨结节与髂耻隆起中点处的闭孔嵴上,P距耻骨结节(2.3±0.4)mm,该螺钉最大直径为(4.9±1.7)mm,最大长度为(86.8±7.2)mm,该螺钉与弓状线平行。     

骶髂关节应用解剖及生物力学研究进展

骶髂关节是支撑人体躯干负载并完成力学传导的重要结构.骶髂关节具有特殊解剖形态,骶骨凹陷、髂骨凸起以及周围韧带、肌肉等的作用有助于骶髂关节形成稳定的力学结构;骶髂关节具有一定范围内的活动;骶髂关节从解剖上看是活动关节,从功能上看是微动关节;骶髂关节在不同体位时的应力分布不同.该文对骶髂关节解剖结构、运动功能、应力分布特征和骶髂关节周围韧带的主要作用等研究进展作一综述.     

儿童髋关节滑膜嵌顿症的关节镜诊断与治疗

儿童髋关节滑膜嵌顿症是一种临床较常见的小儿骨科疾病，由滑膜皱襞嵌压在关节间隙而引起。有学者报道MRI和B型超声可以观察到嵌顿的滑膜。笔者尝试应用关节镜手术诊断和治疗这一疾病。     

Bryan颈人工椎间盘置换术失败原因分析

Objective To analyze the failed Bryan cervical disc arthroplasty and to improve its re-sults. Methods From October 2004 to October 2007, 48 patients underwent Bryan cervical disc arthro-plasty. All patients were followed up 2 to 38 months(mean 18 months). Among them, 4 failed cases were an-alyzed, which include 1 male and 3 females, with the age of 42, 51, 40, 49 years. Results Case 1 reported the brachial plexus injury as the result of the patient's shoulders being overstretched while fixing his position during operation, the muscular power of both upper extremities declining to degree Ⅱ and Ⅲ upon operation completion, which was restored to degree 4 when discharged from hospital (45 days after operation). Case 2 reported the compression on the spinal cord as the result of failure to remove the ossification of posterior lon-gitudinal ligament (OPLL) which had been identified by the preoperative CT; the patient complained of no release of symptoms after the operation and postoperative CT showed that compression still existed. Case 3 reported incomplete spinal cord injury caused by massive bleeding during decompression, a function of ex-tremely small vertebral canal anteroposterior diameter (5 mm shown in preoperative MRI); the muscular pow-er of left extremity dropped to degree 0 upon operation completion; the patient could walk with crutch 10 days after operation. Case 4 reported'heterotopic ossification (OP) which occurred 1 year after operation and became deteriorated 2 years later, but did not affect the motion of prosthesis. Conclusion Bryan disc arthroplasty is being extensively used as an effective procedure for decompression and reconstruction of the cervical disc. Excellent clinical results are related to strict selection of indications, perioperative manage-ment, and the experience and surgical technique of the surgeon are also important to the final outcome.     

肘前小切口治疗严重移位肱骨髁上骨折

目的：寻求治疗严重移位的肱骨髁上骨折复位快而准确的方法。方法：采用肘前小切口法，于肱二头肌腱外侧达骨折断端，复位后交叉克氏针固定，结果：48例，随访3年，优36例，良12例，无一例缺血性肌挛缩，无感染或神经损伤发生，8例（16．7％）发生无症状的肘内翻，结论：该方法简单，可靠，创伤小，住院时间短。     

Bryan颈人工椎间盘置换术失败原因分析

Objective To analyze the failed Bryan cervical disc arthroplasty and to improve its re-sults. Methods From October 2004 to October 2007, 48 patients underwent Bryan cervical disc arthro-plasty. All patients were followed up 2 to 38 months(mean 18 months). Among them, 4 failed cases were an-alyzed, which include 1 male and 3 females, with the age of 42, 51, 40, 49 years. Results Case 1 reported the brachial plexus injury as the result of the patient's shoulders being overstretched while fixing his position during operation, the muscular power of both upper extremities declining to degree Ⅱ and Ⅲ upon operation completion, which was restored to degree 4 when discharged from hospital (45 days after operation). Case 2 reported the compression on the spinal cord as the result of failure to remove the ossification of posterior lon-gitudinal ligament (OPLL) which had been identified by the preoperative CT; the patient complained of no release of symptoms after the operation and postoperative CT showed that compression still existed. Case 3 reported incomplete spinal cord injury caused by massive bleeding during decompression, a function of ex-tremely small vertebral canal anteroposterior diameter (5 mm shown in preoperative MRI); the muscular pow-er of left extremity dropped to degree 0 upon operation completion; the patient could walk with crutch 10 days after operation. Case 4 reported'heterotopic ossification (OP) which occurred 1 year after operation and became deteriorated 2 years later, but did not affect the motion of prosthesis. Conclusion Bryan disc arthroplasty is being extensively used as an effective procedure for decompression and reconstruction of the cervical disc. Excellent clinical results are related to strict selection of indications, perioperative manage-ment, and the experience and surgical technique of the surgeon are also important to the final outcome.     

可吸收螺钉治疗关节部位骨折的临床体会

自2001年6月～2004年6月使用可吸收螺钉治疗不同部位骨折215例,疗效满意。报告如下。1临床资料     

囊外撬拨复位空心加压螺钉内固定治疗儿童股骨颈骨折

我院2000～2002年经选择适应证应用关节囊外撬拨复位空心螺钉内固定治疗儿童股骨颈骨折10例,现报告如下.     

经皮动力髋螺钉治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的总结应用动力髋螺钉（DHS）经皮固定股骨转子间骨折的初步经验。方法自2003年5月应用DHS经皮固定股骨转子间骨折15例。其中男10例，女5例；年龄65～80岁，平均71岁，，先将插入克氏针的瞄准器放在髋关节的前方，在C形臂监测下，使克氏针位于股骨头的中央，且瞄准器的股骨部分紧贴股骨的外缘。另将1枚导针经皮沿克氏针指示的方向打入股骨头．在导针下做一小切口，切口长2.8～3，5cm，拧入拉力螺钉。拔出导针将动力髋接骨板沿肌层插入，将导针穿过接骨板的套轴重新插入拉力螺钉内，并按常规方法将套轴套在螺钉的尾部。手术时间45～80min，平均55min，术中出血100～200ml，无一例需术中输血。结果2例伤口表浅感染，2例发生下肢深静脉血栓，但无肺栓塞发生。骨折术后3～4个月全部愈合，随访时间9～13个月，3例髋关节伸屈轻度受限，余皆正常。结论经皮DHS治疗股骨转子间骨折手术时间短，出血少，术后康复快，是一个很有前途的治疗方法。     

间断拔钉对股骨颈骨折愈合的影响

目的：探讨间断拔钉对股骨颈骨折愈合的影响。方法：取本地自然放养的健康成年山羊18只，建立双侧股骨颈骨折后3枚加压螺纹钉固定的模型，随机取样的一侧为实验侧，分别于术后4、8、12周各拔1钉；另一侧为对照侧，术后12周时3枚钉一起拔出。模型建立后随机分为A、B、C3组，分别于术后8、12、16周处死取材。期间做X线检查、核素骨显像、组织学检查对比两侧愈合情况有无差别。结果：骨同位素显像血流相及血池相显示A、B组实验侧动脉灌注及静脉回流较对照侧通畅，静态相显示实验侧血运优于对照侧。组织学观察结果显示：在血管生成、编织骨生成、坏死骨清除等阶段实验侧均较对照侧提前。结论：应用间断拔钉法治疗股骨颈骨折，可改善股骨头血运，加快股骨颈骨折愈合。