新现人兽共患兔隐孢子虫病的病原学研究进展

兔隐孢子虫是新近发现的人兽共患隐孢子虫种,已引起全球关注.本文对其分类地位、流行病学及分子特征研究等方面进行综述.     

惠迪口服联合葛根芩连汤保留灌肠治疗湿热型溃疡性结肠炎67例临床研究

为评价美沙拉嗪肠溶片（惠迪）联合葛根芩连汤保留灌肠治疗湿热型溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的临床疗效与安全性,本研究将符合入选标准的89例湿热型UC患者分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组患者给予惠迪口服,每次1．0g,3次／d;对照组患者给予柳氮磺吡啶肠溶片口服,每次1．0g,4次／d。两组均在口服药物的基础上加用葛根芩连汤保留灌肠。疗程均为6周。结果表明,治疗组总有效率（94．03％）明显高于对照组（72．73％）,P〈0．01。治疗组临床症状及镜下肠黏膜改善情况均明显优于对照组,P〈0．05。结果表明,惠迪口服联合葛根芩连汤保留灌肠治疗湿热型UC安全有效。     

某院药物不良反应报告分析

目的分析药物不良反应的发生特点、处理方法、临床表现和治疗,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法抽取笔者所在医院2010年度药物不良反应报告128份,借助统计学方法进行归纳和分析。结果药物不良反应涉及药品86种,其中抗感染药物30种,占药品总数34．9％,占病例总数的44．5％;中药制剂8种,占药物品种数9．3％,占病例总数的6．3％;给药途径以静脉滴注为主,占75％;常见不良反应为皮肤及其附件损伤;严重药物不良反应占6％。结论药物不良反应发生与多种因素有关,老年患者更易发生药物不良反应;加强药物不良反应监测工作有助于减少药物不良反应发生。     

Regioselective C–H sulfenylation of N-sulfonyl protected 7-azaindoles promoted by TBAI: a rapid synthesis of 3-thio-7-azaindoles

This paper describes the regioselective C-3 sulfenylation of N-sulfonyl protected 7-azaindoles with sulfonyl chlorides. In this transformation, dual roles of TBAI serving as both promoter and desulfonylation reagent have been demonstrated. The reaction proceeded smoothly under simple conditions to afford 3-thio-7-azaindoles in moderate to good yields with broad substrate scopes. This protocol refrains from using transition-metal catalysts, strong oxidants or bases, and shows its practical synthetic value in organic synthesis.

A novel, practical and highly regioselective TBAI promoted C-3 sulfenylation reaction of N-sulfonyl protected 7-azaindoles with sulfonyl chlorides is presented here.     

河南省试点地区妇女孕前优生健康检查生殖道感染状况分析

目的了解河南省出生缺陷试点地区拟孕妇女生殖健康状况,为促进农村育龄妇女的生殖保健和孕前优生工作制定相应的干预措施提供依据。方法采取多阶段随机抽样方法抽取河南省已婚拟孕妇女2010例,对其进行一般情况调查、妇科检查和实验室检测,并对资料进行统计分析。结果①2010例对象中,参检率为83．68％（因经期和阴道用药未进行妇科检查328例）。其中各种异常占54．52％（917／1682）,异常情况前三位排序依次是宫颈异常29．31％（493／1682）、分泌物异常18．79％（316／1682）、阴道异常2．68％（45／1682）。②阴道分泌物实验室检查发现异常的9．63％（162／1682）,其中细菌性感染5．41％（91／1682）,滴虫感染2．20％（37／1682）,念珠菌感染2．02％（34／1682）。结论河南省出生缺陷试点地区拟孕妇女生殖器官疾病患病率较高,其中宫颈疾病、细菌性感染占第一位。应加强农村育龄妇女生殖道感染的防治工作,切实帮助她们提高生殖健康质量。     

不同制瓣方式前弹力层下角膜磨镶术治疗高度近视的视觉质量研究

目的对比分析微型角膜刀与飞秒激光辅助前弹力层下角膜磨镶术(sub-Bowman’s keratomileusis,SBK)治疗高度近视术后患者视觉质量。方法选取接受SBK治疗的高度近视患者,根据制瓣方式分为One Use-Plus微型角膜刀组(OUP组)和FEMTO-LDV飞秒激光组(FEMTO-LDV组),每组各30例(60眼)患者。观察术后1d、1周、1个月、3个月患者裸眼视力(uncorrected visual acurity,UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、高阶像差及对比敏感度等。结果视力:两组患者术后1d,1周、1个月、3个月UCVA与术前BCVA差值的比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。像差:术前及术后1周、1个月两组的总高阶像差、垂直彗差、水平彗差、球差差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);术后3个月FEMTO-LDV组总高阶像差低于OUP组(P<0.05)。对比敏感度:术前及术后1周、1个月、3个月两组在明视有或者无眩光状态下,各空间频率对比敏感度差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。暗视无眩光术后1个月时6.0c·d-1处及暗视有眩光术后3个月时18.0c·d-1处,对比敏感度FEMTO-LDV组(分别为2.009±0.210和0.582±0.571)好于OUP组(分别为1.831±0.194和0.217±0.378)(均为P<0.05)。结论飞秒激光与微型角膜刀辅助SBK治疗高度近视,患者视力恢复相同,前者的总高阶像差小,暗视状态下中、高空间频率对比敏感度好。     

Phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) field strains in central China based on the ORF3 gene and the main neutralization epitopes

Since 2010, porcine epidemic diarrhea has re-emerged with devastating impact on the swine-raising industry in central China. To investigate the epidemic characteristics of PEDV, the complete ORF3 genes of 14 PEDV field strains from central China during 2012 to 2013 were cloned, sequenced and compared with reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete ORF3 gene showed that the PEDVs in central China and the reference strains could be divided into three groups: G1, G2, and G3. The 14 PEDV isolates were classified as G1 and showed a close relationship to some Chinese strains isolated previously in central China and differed genetically from recent isolates from southern China, Korean strains (SM98 and DB1865, 2012), the Chinese LZC strain (2007), and the vaccine strain (CV777) being used in China. Our findings suggested that the PEDVs circulating between 2012 and 2013 in central China might have evolved from earlier strains in the local region. To determine the reason for recent vaccination failures, we also studied variations in antigenicity of field strains by analyzing the three neutralizing epitope regions in the S gene. The results showed that the neutralizing epitopes at aa 245-252 were highly conserved, but most of the amino acid changes occurred in the epitope regions aa 7-146 and 271-278. We speculate that the amino acid mutations in the neutralizing epitope regions may be associated with changes in the antigenicity of PEDV and consequently result in vaccination failure. Together, these findings may be useful for understanding the epidemiology of PEDV and may be relevant for designing of new and more efficacious vaccines.     

Adsorption of mercury(ii) from water by a novel sPAN fiber containing sulfhydryl,carboxyl and amino groups

A novel fiber containing sulfhydryl, carboxyl and amino groups (sPAN) with high adsorption capacity for mercury was facilely prepared by chemically grafting cysteine onto a commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber in a one-step reaction. The as-prepared sPAN was characterized for its chemical structure, thermal stability, tensile strength, surface morphology and surface binding species. The adsorption and desorption performances for mercury were investigated by both batch and dynamic experiments. The results showed that sPAN was effective for mercury removal over pH 4–7, and ionic strength produced no obvious interference with the adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of mercury could be as high as 459.3 (±16.0) mg g⁻¹, much higher than for most previously reported materials due to the strong interaction between mercury ions and sulfhydryl, carboxyl, amino groups. More than 99% adsorbed mercury could be eluted by the mixture of hydrochloric acid and thiourea, and the regenerated sPAN could be reused for mercury removal with no significant loss of adsorption capacity even after 10 cycles. The dynamic adsorption results indicated that at initial mercury concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 mg L⁻¹, the residual mercury concentration was less than 1 μg L⁻¹, which could meet the criterion for drinking water. Moreover, at an initial mercury concentration of 10 mg L⁻¹, the residual mercury concentration was less than 50 μg L⁻¹, which could satisfy the Chinese national industry water discharge standard.

A novel fiber containing sulfhydryl, carboxyl and amino groups (sPAN) with high adsorption capacity for mercury was facilely prepared by chemically grafting cysteine onto a commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber in a one-step reaction.     

Structure confirmation and thermal kinetics of the inclusion of cis-jasmone in β-cyclodextrin

In this study, inclusion complex of cis-jasmone in β-CD (β-CD-CJ) was synthesized to improve cis-jasmone stability. The structure and thermal kinetics of the inclusion complex was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC studies showed that the stability of cis-jasmone after β-cyclodextrin encapsulation was improved. The dissociation kinetics of β-CD-CJ at different heating rates was studied by TG, and the activation energy E of β-CD-CJ thermal decomposition kinetic parameters was defined by Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method. The results showed that the average activation energy E was 121.16 kJ mol⁻¹.

In this study, inclusion complex of cis-jasmone in β-CD (β-CD-CJ) was synthesized to improve cis-jasmone stability.     

Synthesis and properties of porous CLEAs lipase by the calcium carbonate template method and its application in biodiesel production

In this work, porous cross-linked enzyme aggregates (p-CLEAs) were synthesized by the in situ co-precipitation method using CaCO₃ microparticles as templates. The preparation procedure involved the immobilization of crude lipase as CLEAs via precipitation with ammonium sulfate and entrapping these lipase molecules into the CaCO₃ templates, followed by DTT (dithiothreitol)-induced assembly of lipase molecules to form lipase microparticles (lipase molecules were assembled into microparticles internally using disulfide bonds within the lipase molecules as the molecular linkers and stimulated by dithiothreitol); finally, the removal of CaCO₃ templates was performed by EDTA to form pores in CLEAs. The scanning electron microscopy analysis of p-CLEAs showed a porous structure. p-CLEAs showed obvious improvement in thermal stability (after incubation at 65 °C, p-CLEAs lipase retained 86% relative activity, while free lipase retained only 33.67%) and pH stability (p-CLEAs relative activity was over 90% while for free lipase, the relative activity ranged from 72% to 89% from pH 6 to 9) than free lipase and could hold relatively high activity retention without activity loss at 4 °C for more than six months. The application of p-CLEAs in producing biodiesel showed a higher degree of conversion. The conversion of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was 89.7%; this value was higher by approximately 7.4% compared to that of the conventional CLEAs under the optimized conditions of a methanol–oil molar ratio of 6 : 1, with a p-CLEAs lipase dose of 20% and water content of 3% at 45 °C for 24 h. The FAME conversion remained greater than 70% even after reusing the p-CLEAs lipase for 8 reactions. The results demonstrated that the p-CLEAs lipase is suitable for applications in the preparation of biodiesel.

Porous cross-linked enzyme aggregates (p-CLEAs) were synthesized. This p-CLEAs presented a complete structure with abundant channels, large specific surface and more efficient catalytic effect compared with conventional CLEAs.