阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）与胰岛素抵抗（IR）的关系。方法选男性肥胖OSAHS患者60例（肥胖OSAHS组）、非OSAHS肥胖男性60例（肥胖非OSAHS组）、体重正常非OSAHS男性60例（正常体重非OSAHS组）,计算3组受试者的腰臀比和体重指数（BMI）;观察脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）;测空腹血糖,用高度特异的单克隆抗体夹心放大酶联免疫分析法测真胰岛素（TI）,IR的体内稳定状态模式评估方法（HOMA-IR）评估IR;行多导睡眠图（PSG）监测,计算呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）。结果同样是肥胖者,肥胖OSAHS组TI、HOMA—IR高于肥胖非OSAHS组,而最低SpO2低于肥胖非OSAHS组;在非OSAHS者中,肥胖非OSAHS组TI、HOMA-IR高于正常体重非OSAHS组,而最低SpO2低于正常体重非OSAHS组。协方差分析校正年龄、BMI、腰臀比的影响后,肥胖OSAHS组的TI、HOMA-IR仍明显高于肥胖非OSAHS组和正常体重非OSAHS组,肥胖非OSAHS组的TI、HOMA—IR明显高于正常体重非OSAHS组。多元线性回归分析显示MTU、HOMA—IR均与年龄和最低SpO2呈负相关,与BMI、腰臀比、AHI呈正相关;当以TU作因变量时,腰臀比是影响肥胖OSAHS组IR的主要因素,AHI与最低SpO2是TI的独立影响因素;当以HOMA—IR作因变量时,腰臀比是其主要影响因素,AHI与最低SpO2是其独立影响因素。结论OSAHS与IR独立相关,OSAHS可能经IR这一中间途径导致心血管疾病。     

恶性疟原虫对青蒿酯钠抗性的体外培育

恶性疟原虫FCR_3在体外采用剂量递增间隔接触方法在青篙酯钠的作用下产生了对该药的抗药性。在接触药物前,青蒿酯钠对该虫株裂殖体成熟抑制的半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))为1.6ng/ml(4.1nmol/L),经过130d间隔接触药物后,虫株对青蒿酯钠的敏感性下降,其IC_(50)值增高至约为亲代系的3倍,即4.7ng/ml(12.2nmol/L)。抗性系在去除药物作用后,其抗性水平很快下降。     

过氧化氢酶活性KatG基因与结核分支杆菌异烟肼耐药性的 …

探讨过氧化氢酶活性，ＫａｔＧ基因及其突变与结核分支杆菌异烟肼耐药性的相关关系。方法 对５８株结核分支杆菌临床分离株进行地氧化氢酶活性测定，并采用聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性方法进一步分析结核分支杆菌中ＫａｔＧ基因及其突变的情况。结果所有２６株敏感菌均有ＫａｔＧ基因及过氧化氢酶的表达；３２株耐药菌中，８株缺乏过氧化氢酶活性，３株ＫａｔＧ基因完全缺失，且主要发生于高度耐药菌中。     

NF-κB 及下游炎症因子在胰岛素抵抗大鼠心肌中的表达及意义

【目的】探讨胰岛素抵抗大鼠心肌组织中核因子κB（NF‐κB）及单核趋化蛋白‐1（MCP‐1）、细胞间黏附分子‐1（ICAM‐1）表达的变化及意义。【方法】健康雄性Wistar大鼠30只从2月龄开始饲养,随机分为正常对照组（NC组）、胰岛素抵抗组（IR组）,每组15只,分别给予普通饮食和高脂饮食喂养,喂养2个月后使用高胰岛素‐正葡萄糖钳夹实验对模型的有效性进行验证。禁食12 h ,留取大鼠心脏组织,H E染色观察心肌结构的变化。免疫组化染色检测心肌细胞中NF‐κB、MCP‐1和ICAM‐1的表达,实时定量反转录‐聚合酶链反应（RT‐PCR）检测心脏组织中NF‐κB、ICAM‐1和MCP‐1 mRNA表达情况。【结果】IR组心肌组织中NF‐κB、ICAM‐1和MCP‐1 mRNA表达水平均较NC组明显升高（ P ＜0．05）。【结论】胰岛素抵抗大鼠心肌组织中可能存在NF‐κB的激活,从而启动下游靶基因MCP‐1、ICAM‐1表达增加,进而导致心肌组织受损。     

Immunity to hepatitis C virus infection： Update 2007——Sequence diversity of hepatitis C virus： Implications for immune control and therapy

With approximately 3% of the world’s population (170 million people) infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), the WHO has declared HCV a global health problem. Upon acute infection about 50%-80% of subjects develop chronic hepatitis with viral persistence being at risk to develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. One characteristic of HCV is its enormous sequence diversity, which represents a significant hurdle to the development of both effective vaccines as well as to novel therapeutic interventions. Due to a polymerase that lacks a proofreading function HCV presents with a high rate of evolution, which enables rapid adaptation to a new environment including an activated immune system upon acute infection. Similarly, novel drugs designed to specifically inhibit viral proteins will face the potential problem of rapid selection of drug resistance mutations. This review focuses on the sequence diversity of HCV, the driving forces of evolution and the impact on immune control and treatment response. An important feature of any therapeutic or prophylactic intervention will be an efficient attack of a structurally or functionally important region in the viral protein. The understanding of the driving forces, but also the limits of viral evolution, will be fundamental for the design of novel therapies.     

停用氯喹12年抗氯喹恶性疟原虫对氯喹抗性...

In view of the fact the resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine occurred extensively in Hainan, a decision was made in 1979 that the use of chloroquine should be quit in the whole province. A longitudinal survey on chloroquine-sensitivity of P. falciparum was carried out during 1981-1991 to observe the variation in resistance of the parasite after the cessation of the chloroquine medication for every 2-3 years. A tendency of progressive decline of resistance was revealed. By using in vitro test, the rate of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum dropped from 97.9% in 1981 to 60.9% in 1991 (P < 0.001). The mean dosage of chloroquine for complete inhibition of schizont formation declined from 10.46 pmol/microliters in 1981 to 3.02 pmol/microliters in 1991 (P < 0.001). The percentage of population requiring larger dosage (6.4 pmol/microliters to completely inhibit schizont formation declined from 83.3% in 1981 to 17.4% in 1991 (P < 0.001); whereas those requiring small dosage (1.6 pmol/microliters), increased from 4.2% in 1981 to 60.8% in 1991 (P < 0.001). In in vivo test, the rate of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum decreased from 84.2% in 1981 to 40% in 1991 (P < 0.001). The proportion of RII plus RIII cases of the total resistant cases dropped from 59.4% in 1981 to 37.5% in 1991 (0.02 > P > 0.01).     

慢性乙型肝炎治疗进展及新策略

近年来由于直接抗病毒药物的问世,慢性乙型肝炎的治疗状况得到明显改善。随着治疗上出现的问题,诸如治疗不佳、耐药等问题,抗病毒治疗的适应证、初选治疗方案以及临床治疗终点探索得到一定的补充和修正。此外,一些新的治疗药物也从不同治疗机制的角度陆续在研制。本文就目前慢性乙型肝炎的治疗进展和新策略进行综述。     

大环内酯耐药肺炎支原体感染患儿的特征和临床结局

目的：通过临床队列研究的方式探究大环内酯耐药肺炎支原体（ MP）感染患儿的特征和临床结局。方法选取2008年6月至2013年6月期间该院收治的200例支原体肺炎患者。首先对患者行咽分泌物核酸检测,检测是否存在肺炎支原体核酸,之后进行肺炎支原体体外培养,培养阳性者再加以体外药物敏感度测定。同时根据胸片结果将患者分为肺实变组和非实变组,最后观察、比较并记录患者临床结局。结果200例患者确诊MP感染的有96例（48％）,MP培养阳性者50例,48株体外药敏试验显示大环内脂耐药,2例大环内酯类体外敏感。所有MR感染患儿有持续性发热、干咳、高热,其中有10例患者有X线胸片肺实变阳性结果,两组患者最终均痊愈,但肺实变组有更长的发热时间,二者差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论 MP对大环内酯类药物的耐药率可达96％,MP感染合并肺实变会导致患儿发热时间延长。