奇应内消巴布剂定性定量方法研究

目的:建立奇应内消巴布剂定性定量方法。方法:采用TLC法鉴别方中重楼、大黄、山柰;采用HPLC法测定大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚含量。HPLC色谱条件:采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.2%磷酸水溶液(87∶13),流速1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长440 nm,柱温30℃。结果:定性鉴别薄层色谱特征明显;HPLC测定,大黄酸浓度在4.00～25.00μg.mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9994),平均回收率(n=5)为98.39%(RSD=2.0%);大黄素浓度在17.92～112.00μg.mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9998),平均回收率(n=5)为97.25%(RSD=1.5%);大黄酚浓度在33.92～212.00μg.mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9992),平均回收率(n=5)为96.55%(RSD=1.8%)。结论:该法可以准确地对奇应内消巴布剂进行定性、定量检测,有效地控制该制剂的质量。     

Preparation,characterization, and in vivo study of rhein solid lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery

In this study, rhein‐SLN s were successfully produced by hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication. Precirol ATO 5 in which rhein exhibited higher partition coefficient was selected for preparation of SLN s. In the dynamic light scattering, the rhein‐SLN s showed a smaller size with a mean value of 120.8 ± 7.9 nm and with zeta potential of ?16.9 ± 2.3 mV. SLN s exhibited a good stability during the period of 2 months. The SLN s indicated faster drug release with a burst release within 2 hr and followed by a sustained release with a biphasic drug‐release pattern. Comparing with the same concentration (free drug), the cellular cytotoxicity of rhein‐loaded SLN s increased significantly at the same incubation condition. In vivo, the AUC _0‐t of rhein in the form of SLN s was significantly increased and was 2.06‐fold that of suspensions group. The results showed an increased oral absorption and improved the oral bioavailability of rhein by the formulation of SLN s.     

大黄蒽醌在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的建立HPLC-MS/MS法同时检测大鼠ig大黄蒽醌后血浆中大黄酸、大黄素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚和番泻苷A,研究大黄蒽醌在大鼠体内的药动学。方法采用Shim-pack VP-ODS C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×2 mm,5μm);流动相为含0.1%甲酸、2 mmol/L乙酸铵的水溶液–乙腈,采用梯度洗脱方式;柱温40℃;体积流量0.3 m L/min。采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),多重反应监测(MRM)模式扫描,负离子方式检测。SD大鼠分别ig 37.5、75、150 mg/kg大黄蒽醌,分别于给药后0、0.083、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、2、3、4、6、8、12、24 h取血,采用HPLC-MS/MS法测定血药浓度,绘制血药浓度–时间曲线,采用Win Nonlin软件进行数据分析,计算药动学参数。结果各蒽醌类成分在选定的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好。在低、中、高3个质量浓度下6种成分的提取回收率为88.22%~102.04%,基质效应为89.26%~106.01%。在37.5 mg/kg剂量组中,仅检测到大黄酸、大黄素和芦荟大黄素;在75、150 mg/kg剂量组中,检测到大黄酸、大黄素、芦荟大黄素和大黄酚。在3个剂量组中均未检测到大黄素甲醚和番泻苷A。大黄酸在体内迅速吸收,3个剂量组中均在30 min内就达到最大血药浓度(C_(max))。大黄酸、大黄素、芦荟大黄素和大黄酚C_(max)和曲线下面积(AUC_(0→∞))均随剂量的增加而增加,具有剂量相关性。血浆清除率(CL/F)和表观分布容积(V/F)不随剂量增加而明显改变,此4个成分药动学标志物的药动学行为呈线性动力学特征。结论建立了同时测定大鼠血浆中大黄酸、大黄素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚和番泻苷A 6种成分的HPLC-MS/MS方法,适用于大黄蒽醌在大鼠体内的药动学研究。     

经典名方三化汤基准样品量值传递研究

目的 阐明三化汤基准样品的关键质量属性,建立其特征图谱并测定紫花前胡苷、柚皮苷、新橙皮苷、5种游离蒽醌、和厚朴酚与厚朴酚等指标成分,探究三化汤饮片-基准样品量值传递规律,为评价三化汤制剂奠定物质基础。方法 通过文献考证,制备15批三化汤基准样品,采用UPLC建立特征图谱,计算其相似度并确定共有峰归属,结合指标成分及干膏转移率对基准样品进行量值传递分析。结果 建立的15批三化汤基准样品相似度均大于0.98,特征图谱相似度良好,共指认26个共有峰,其中5个来自厚朴,6个来自枳实,5个来自羌活,10个来自大黄;指标成分紫花前胡苷、柚皮苷、新橙皮苷、厚朴酚与和厚朴酚、游离总蒽醌从饮片到基准样品平均转移率分别为（28.08±5.28）%、（45.07±5.35）%、（41.03±4.91）%、（3.32±0.92）%、（16.54±3.57）%,全处方干膏转移率为64.43%～76.39%。结论 采用特征图谱结合多指标成分含量测定及出膏率等评价指标对经典名方三化汤基准样品进行了量值传递综合考察,为三化汤的质量控制和制剂开发提供了科学依据。     

大黄及其有效成分抗炎作用的研究进展

大黄为廖科植物药用大黄Rheum officinale、掌叶大黄R. palmatu或唐古特大黄R. tanguticum的干燥根和根茎,具有泻下攻积、清热泻火、凉血解毒、逐瘀通经、利湿退黄等功效,是我国用药历史悠久的大宗中药材。现代药理学研究表明大黄药材、提取物和单体化合物具有优良的抗炎活性,可调节炎症小体的激活,其主要通过调控氧化应激、细胞凋亡、免疫应答等细胞过程,以及调控炎症相关蛋白和相关炎症通路等多种途径对心血管、胃肠道和中枢神经系统相关疾病表现出显著的药理活性,特别是具有较好的抗神经炎症效果。总结了大黄提取物和蒽醌类、鞣质类、二苯乙烯类成分在炎症相关疾病中的药理活性及作用机制的研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行了展望,为大黄的临床应用、进一步开发利用和新药研发提供理论支持。     

Stability-indicating spectrophotometric and spectrodensitometric methods for the determination of diacerein in the presence of its degradation product

Three sensitive, selective, and precise stability-indicating methods for the determination of the novel osteoarthritis drug, diacerein (DIA) in the presence of its alkaline degradation product (active metabolite, rhein) and in pharmaceutical formulation were developed and validated. The first method is a first derivative (D(1) ) spectrophotometric one, which allows the determination of DIA in the presence of its degradate at 322 nm (corresponding to zero crossing of the degradate) over a concentration range of 4-40 μg/mL with mean percentage recovery 100.21 ± 0.833. The second method is the first derivative of the ratio spectra (DD(1) ) by measuring the peak amplitude at 352 nm over the same concentration range as (D(1) ) spectrophotometric method, with mean percentage recovery 100.09 ± 0.912. The third method is a TLC-densitometric one, where DIA was separated from its degradate on silica gel plates using ethyl acetate:methanol:chloroform (8:1.5:0.5 v:v:v) as a developing system. This method depends on quantitative densitometric evaluation of thin layer chromatogram of DIA at 340 nm over a concentration range of 1-10 μg/spot, with mean percentage recovery 100.24 ± 1.412. The selectivity of the proposed methods was tested using laboratory-prepared mixtures. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of DIA in pharmaceutical dosage forms without interference from other dosage form additives and the results were statistically compared with reference method.     

Rhein reverses the diabetic phenotype of mesangial cells over-expressing the glucose transporter (GLUT1) by inhibiting the hexosamine pathway

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Rhein, an anthraquinone compound isolated from rhubarb, has been proved effective in treatment of experimental diabetic nephropathy (DN). To explore the mechanism of its therapeutic effect on DN, rhein was tested for its effect on the hexosamine pathway. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The influence of rhein on cellular hypertrophy, fibronectin synthesis, glucose uptake, glutamine: fructose 6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT) activity, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) level and TGF-beta1 and p21 expression was evaluated in MCGT1 cells, a GLUT1 transgenic rat mesangial cell line. GFAT activity in normal rat mesangial cells in high glucose concentrations and in vitro was also measured. KEY RESULTS: Significantly increased fibronectin synthesis, cellular hypertrophy, much higher GFAT activity and UDP-GlcNAc level and increased TGF-beta1 and p21 expression were found in MCGT1 cells cultured in normal glucose concentration. Rhein treatment decreased all these features of MCGT1 cells but did not exert a direct effect on GFAT enzymatic activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: There was over-activity of the hexosamine pathway in MCGT1 cells, which may explain the higher expression of TGF-beta1 and p21, the cellular hypertrophy and the increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the cells. By inhibiting the increased activity the hexosamine pathway, rhein decreased TGF-beta1 and p21 expression and thus contributed to the decreased cellular hypertrophy and ECM synthesis. Inhibition of the hexosamine pathway may be one of the mechanism through which rhein exerts its therapeutic role in diabetic nephropathy.     

早期大黄酸干预对db/db小鼠胰岛功能的影响

目的大黄酸(4,5-二羟基蒽醌-2-羧酸)是大黄的蒽醌衍生物之一。本研究旨在通过db/db小鼠这一先天性2型糖尿病动物模型,探讨大黄酸对血糖水平的影响以及对胰岛β细胞的作用。方法 30只4周龄db/db小鼠随机分为两组:对照组(1%纤维素钠,n=15),大黄酸组(120 mg/kg,n=15),给予连续鼻饲灌胃给药8周。投药结束后行经腹腔葡萄糖耐量试验(IPGTT)并测定相应胰岛素水平,其曲线下面积(AUC)分别代表糖耐量和胰岛素分泌水平,并通过计算IPGTT的0 min至30 min胰岛素曲线下面积以评估早期相胰岛素分泌功能。同时行胰岛素免疫组化染色,通过免疫组化染色计算β细胞含量,并用TUNEL法检测胰岛β细胞的凋亡。结果与对照组相比,大黄酸治疗组糖负荷后0,30,60和120 min的血糖水平明显下降,同时30,60和120 min的胰岛素水平明显升高,尤其是早期相胰岛素水平(AUCINS0-30)明显升高。同时大黄酸治疗组胰岛素染色明显增强,胰岛β细胞含量明显增高,凋亡细胞明显减少。结论早期大黄酸治疗可以明显改善db/db小鼠的葡萄糖耐量,恢复早期相胰岛素分泌,并能抑制胰岛β细胞的凋亡,保护胰岛功能。大黄酸的这一作用可能使之成为一种新的预防或治疗2型糖尿病的手段。     

华北大黄中非Di类成分的研究

目的　对华北大黄中非类成分进行研究。方法　色谱和光谱分析法分离和鉴定化学成分。结果　从 95 %乙醇提取物中分得 13个非类化合物 ,分别鉴定为 :大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、β-谷甾醇、大黄素、胡萝卜苷、大黄酸、大黄素甲醚 -8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、rheumin、没食子酸、d-儿茶素、蔗糖、1,6-二没食子酰 -O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖、1-O-β-D-没食子酰吡喃葡萄糖。结论　首次证明华北大黄含有少量大黄酸 ;除大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、大黄素外 ,其他成分均为首次从该植物中分得     

如意金黄散膜剂的制备

目的以脱乙酰壳聚糖为成膜材料制备了如意金黄散膜剂。方法兼顾如意金黄散中各主要成分的溶解性，以乙醇为溶剂提取有效成分，以壳聚糖为成膜材料制备膜剂，HPLC测定膜剂中的姜黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、小檗碱的含量。结果以膜剂中大黄酸的释放度为评价指标，膜剂体外缓释效果良好。结论以壳聚糖为成膜材料制备如意金黄散膜剂柔性良好，大黄酸体外缓释作用良好。