彩色多普勒监测脐血流预测胎儿宫内状况

运用彩色多普勒监测正常妊娠、好高征、合并ＩＵＧＲ的ｖ妊高征胎儿脐动脉血流，计测血流的Ｓ／Ｄ值、ＰＩ值、ＲＩ值。结果表明，妊高征（合并或不合并ＩＵＧＲ）胎儿脐动脉血流阻力指标明显大于正常妊娠组，经治疗后，妊高征胎儿脐动脉血流阻力指标降低者，临床表现好转，反之恶化。阻力指标异常升高，预示胎儿宫内状况差、胎儿窘迫或发生ＩＵＧＲ，有助于及时发现异常和处理，降低围产儿死亡率。     

应用阴道超声波观察妊娠晚期子宫颈成熟度

应用阴道Ｂ超对６０例妊娠晚期妇女的宫颈进行观察，评估其成熟度，并与宫颈Ｂｉｓｈｏｐ评分相比较。结果表明：二者的符合率为７０％。阴道Ｂ超评分≥６分者均在短期内自然临产或引产成功。而Ｂｉｓｈｏｐ评分认为宫颈不成熟的２２例中，阴道Ｂ超诊断为成熟者１８例，其中２４小时内自然临产５例，引产成功１３例，阴道Ｂ超诊断为不成熟者４例。全部引产失败。６０例中有２０例与会阴部Ｂ超检查比较，其宫颈内口可全部显像，但宫颈外口显像者仅１０例，其余１０例经变换体位方能清晰显示图像，２０例中８例同时经腹部Ｂ超扫查，宫颈内外口图像显示均欠清晰。提示：阴道Ｂ超对宫颈成熟度诊断的正确率高于Ｂｉｓｈｏｐ评分法；阴道Ｂ超的宫颈显像率高、图像清晰。     

核素显像和B超测算甲状腺重量的对比研究

对照研究核素显像和Ｂ超测算甲状腺重量的相关性，为临床提供较准确及简易的方法。３６３例甲亢病人１３１Ｉ治疗前分别进行γ显像和Ｂ超检查，以测算甲状腺体积（重量），其中６５例弥漫性甲状腺肿合并甲亢病人１３１Ｉ治疗后６个月重复两种检查。３６３例病人显像和Ｂ超测算甲状腺重量相关良好（ｒ＝０９３，Ｐ＜００１），总体上显像所得重量平均值大于Ｂ超值，腺体厚度是影响测算结果的主要因素；１３１Ｉ治疗后腺体厚度缩小最著，显像值大于Ｂ超值更明显。甲状腺重量测算在一定范围内两种方法可互相替代。１３１Ｉ治疗后，Ｂ超测定值为准。存在结节时，以显像为优。     

Model studies of angular behaviour of acoustic backscatter

This note describes some studies of the relationship between filtered 180° backscattered amplitude and rotation angle, which has been suggested as a means for tissue characterisation. The studies include experimental measurements on simple linear and two-dimensional point targets, and theoretical computed results on both regular arrays and arrays with random displacement of the point scatterers.

The studies were carried out on models under favourable conditions with only small amounts of irregularity. They show that in certain situations neither the disposition and spacing of peaks in the curve of backscattered amplitude versus angle, nor a cross-correlation algorithm designed to detect the optimum scatterer-spacing in the model gave a good estimate of average scatterer spacing. The implication of this finding to clinical application is discussed.     

诊断超声与细胞凋亡

目的 探讨诊断超声与细胞凋亡的关系。方法 应用ＨＰ８５００彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,持续照射４２只大鼠幼仔睾丸３０ｍｉｎ,依据照射后取标本时间不同,随机分为７组;对照组为空白照射组,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ组分别为照射后即赢利ｈ,１２ｈ,２４ｈ,４８ｈ,９６ｈ取材组。     

诊断超声对不同龄大鼠睾丸组织P53和Bcl—2蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨诊断超声对不同龄大鼠睾丸组织生精细胞Ｐ５３、Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达的影响。方法３６只ＳＤ雄性大鼠根据生后不同天数随机分为６组：Ⅰ组（出生后３０ｄ组）、Ⅱ组（出生后３０ｄ对照组）、Ⅲ组（出生后４５ｄ组）、Ⅳ组（出生后４５ｄ对照组）、Ⅴ组（出生后６０ｄ组,即性成熟组）、Ⅵ组（出生６０ｄ对照组）。应用ＨＰ８５００彩色血流超声诊断仪对大鼠睾丸对大鼠组织进行３０ｍｉｎ的持续辐照,２４ｈ后外死动物取睾丸进     

第四代超声碎石清石系统治疗尿路结石疗效探讨

目的 观察第四代超声碎石清石系统治疗尿路结石的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析243例尿路结石患者应用第四代EMS超声碎石清石系统进行腔内治疗临床资料.结果Ⅰ期成功碎石取石227例,Ⅰ期清石率为93.3％(227/243),Ⅱ期碎石16例.并发症2例,其中术中液气胸1例,留置胸腔闭式引流管处理;术后出血严重经保守治疗效果欠佳介入治疗行超选择性肾动脉介入栓塞治愈1例.结论 第四代超声碎石清石系统能够对泌尿系各不同解剖位置的结石进行治疗,是一种安全实用、高效的碎石系统,值得临床应用.     

增强超声引导对臂丛神经阻滞技术的影响

目的：评价穿刺针增强显像技术在超声引导腋路臂丛神经阻滞中对穿刺针可视性的影响。方法：选择60例符合美国麻醉医师学会（American Society of Anesthesiologists, ASA）分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,拟于超声引导腋路臂丛神经阻滞下行手和/或前臂手术的患者,随机分为普通显像组（n=30）和增强显像组（n=30）。两组均通过超声（SonoSite M-Turbo）定位正中神经、尺神经、桡神经以及肌皮神经,增强显像组在进行穿刺时开启多波束增强技术按钮,两组通过刺激器引出特定运动后,在每支神经周围推注0.5%（质量分数）罗哌卡因10 mL,记录行臂丛神经阻滞过程中的操作时间、各支神经与皮肤表面的距离以及并发症,评价超声图像中穿刺针的可视性。结果：行腋路臂丛神经阻滞过程中,增强显像技术组较普通显像组操作时间短［（2.63±0.81） min vs. （5.07±1.89） min,P=0.01］,且在行桡神经和肌皮神经阻滞时,增强显像技术组的穿刺针可视性更好（P<0.05）。结论：对位置较深的神经采用增强显像技术可提高穿刺针可视性并缩短操作时间。     

Fetal and maternal aortic flow in two different maternal positions. An investigation with combined doppler-velocimetry and ultrasonic multiple array

To study aortic velocities in the fetus, a newly developed multirangegated Doppler velocimeter was combined with a commercial B-mode linear-array apparatus. Spectrum analysis of the Doppler shift signals was performed. The signals with the highest frequencies were selected for hard-copy, and integrated with a digitizer. In the first part of the study, the reproducibility of the method was established by serial measurements of aortic velocity in 7 near-term fetuses. It proved sufficient to evaluate 5 successive heart-cycles. The mean coefficient of variation was 5% (mean number of recordings evaluated 7.5).

In the second part of the study, possible influence of aortocaval compression on fetal aortic velocity indicative of changes in fetal cardiac output, was investigated in 10 pregnant women with no symptoms of supine hypotension. Doppler monitoring of the material cardiac output from the suprasternal notch was added to the set-up described to study the supine reduction of cardiac output frequently described in pregnant women. No significant change was found either in the maternal or in the fetal circulation.