实时超声显象诊断卵巢肿瘤的探讨：附211例报告

分析了经手术和病理证实的211例卵巢肿瘤的超声检查结果。其中良性186例,恶性25例。超声检查良性符合率93.5％(174/186),恶性符合率92％(23/25)。超声直接提示病理诊断良、恶性符合率分别为84.4％(157/186)和68％(17/25)对卵巢肿瘤的组织形态学表现与声象图特点及鉴别诊断进行了讨论。     

超声三维成像综述

本文对超声三维成像的发展及国内外的研究现状进行了综述，简单介绍了超声三维成像的理论和方法，另外，将超声三维成像在临床中的应用做了较为广泛的概括，最后，文中讨论了影响三维重建效果的因素，并提出了一些值得关注的研究方向。     

Versatile microcomputer-based system for the capture,storage and processing of spectrum-analysed Doppler ultrasound blood flow signals

The evaluation of any method of analysis of Doppler ultrasound blood flow signals is involved and time consuming because of the considerable time necessary to investigate a statistically significant representative population of arteriopathic blood flow waveforms. To overcome these problems we have developed a microcomputer-based system for the capture, storage and processing of spectrum-analysed Doppler ultrasound blood flow signals. This system allows the collection and storage on floppy disk of waveforms from many sites in a large population of arteriopaths and their later analysis using any desired method. Having thus created on disk a suitable population of arteriopathic waveforms the evaluation of any method of waveform analysis, whether existing or new, is a much more convenient and far less time-consuming process. The system described is extremely versatile, for example in addition to the collection of data for postprocessing the system is also used for the real-time analysis of blood flow waveforms.     

Sonographic criteria of phasic changes in human endometrial tissue

Sonographic criteria of endometrial tissue were obtained following serial observations in normally ovulating women, and a prospective identification of a specific phase was made in those with regular menstrual cycles. This may be the first report of endometrial tissue characterization. Clinical management of infertility and monitoring of follicular growth will thus be facilitated.     

三维超声在前列腺疾患诊断中的应用：（附301例报告）

应用奥地利Ｃｏｍｂｉｓｏｎ３３０型三维超声诊断仪经腹、经直肠同时观察３０１例前列腺获得高质量的前列腺声象图。直肠途径（ＴＲＡ）超声显像准确率１００％，明显高于腹壁途径（ＴＡＡ），前者能够清晰显示前列腺内部结构；直观尿道排尿发现尿道梗阻动态变化与前列腺体积不成正比，与增生结节压迫程度及部位有关；由于在同一部位可取得三个径线，并自动计算而使前列腺体积测量准确性提高。     

Robust electromagnetic probe for the monitoring of lithotriptor output

The ability to measure the powers and pressures generated by extracorporeal lithotriptors is important for both patient safety and treatment planning. Regular measurements of output have been impossible in the past because there have been no instruments available that could withstand prolonged or repeated exposure to litho-triptor fields. The literature contains reports of various devices that have been used to make measurements of lithotriptor output, and these are briefly described here. The authors report the use of a new electromagnetic probe as a robust monitoring device. It has been tested by comparison with a PVdF coplanar membrane hydrophone, by comparison with the results of disintegrating a series of synthetic stones and by impact measurements. The electromagnetic probe has also been used to monitor the output of a piezoelectric extracorporeal lithotriptor over a 12-month period. Fluctuations in pulse energy of up to 350% were observed.     

Actinomycosis involving the liver. Computed tomography/ultrasound correlation

The clinical profile of pelvic actinomycosis, which is being recognized with increased frequency in IUD users, can be misleading in such patients and lead to dangerous delays in diagnosis. The authors present a case in which an IUD user initially sought medical attention for multiple liver abscesses secondary to spread from unsuspected ovarian actinomycosis. The 43-year-old patient, who was admitted with right upper quadrant pain and fever, had a 15-year history of IUD use, although the device had been removed 1 year prior to admission for apparent infection in the left ovary. Ultrasound revealed mixed cystic and solid liver lesions as well as a complex subcapsular fluid collection. A solid left adnexal mass was demonstrated in the pelvis. Computed tomography scan indicated extension of 1 of the complex cystic liver lesions through the liver capsule and into the abdominal wall. Needle aspirations of the liver lesions yielded thick pus that was later identified as Actinomyces israelii. Actinomycosis was evident in the ovarian lesion. Colonization of the vagina and uterus by actinomycosis has been reported by 1.6-5.3% of IUD users, and the risk appears to increase when the same IUD is used for a prolonged time period. In this case, neither the computed tomography scan nor ultrasound suggested an inflammatory process of the left ovary. Aspiration of a liver lesion under ultrasound guidance was necessary for the correct diagnosis. Since actinomycosis has the potential to spread to extrapelvic organs such as the peritoneum, liver, and brain, early diagnosis is essential.     

Cell death thresholds in Elodea for 0.45–10 MHz ultrasound compared to gas-body resonance theory

Leaves of the aquatic plant Elodea were sonicated continuously for 100 sec at ten frequencies in the range 0.45–10 MHz. Cell death thresholds were determined for three cell populations in the leaves for each frequency. The intensity thresholds were strongly dependent on frequency, and the minimum threshold for each population generally occurred near the expected resonance frequency of the gas bodies associated with each population. The thresholds were as low as 75 mW/cm² at 0.65 MHz and 180 mW/cm² at 5 MHz.     

Local hyperthermia induced by focussed and overlapping ultrasonic fields—An in vivo demonstration

Axial temperature distributions were measured in living and post mortem porcine tissues during sonication with plane, focussed and overlapping ultrasonic fields. With the focussed field it was always possible to induce the temperature maxima at depths up to 50 mm, although the actual temperatures achieved varied from animal to animal. The plane 0.75 MHz transducer produced a maximum temperature close to the skin surface. With 7 overlapping plane fields a relatively uniform temperature distribution was produced in a large tissue volume. The blood perfusion in tissue has a significant effect not only on the magnitude of the temperature increase, but also on the temperature distribution.     

In vitro measurements of sound velocity in human fetal brain tissue

Sound velocity measurements were performed on 23 fresh fetal brain samples obtained at gestations between 17 and 41 weeks duration. Determinations were made at 0, 8, 16, 24, 30 and 37°C.

In 14 samples the water content was also calculated. An increase in sound velocity through fetal brain tissue with advancing gestational age, together with an increase in sound velocity associated with increasing temperature of the sample from 0 to 37°C, was found. Sound velocity was higher through fetal brain tissue from pregnancies terminated using intra-amniotic urea when compared with spontaneous abortions of the same gestational age. A significant positive correlation was found between sound velocity and the percentage content of solids in the brain.