脂肪肝的CT及B超诊断

目的：探讨ＣＴ及Ｂ超检查对脂肪肝的诊断价值及特征性表现。方法：作者回顾分析了脂肪肝的９８例ＣＴ及７８例Ｂ超资料。结果：９８例ＣＴ中肝内血管及腹膜显影各３６例；７８例Ｂ超中３３例肝内血管回声减弱，２３例纤维隔回声减弱。结论：ＣＴ中腹膜显影原因在于肝脏密度的减低。根据ＣＴ中肝密度减低程度、肝脾ＣＴ值之比、肝内血管显示、肝表面腹膜显影程度将脂肪肝分成三级。Ｂ超中相应有肝回声增强光点密集程度、肝内血管纤维隔回声减弱程度的三级改变。据此可对脂肪肝病变程度、肝功能实质状况做出估价，对临床治疗及预后均有重要参考价值。     

多普勒能量图监测移植肾急性排斥

为探讨彩色多普勒能量图（ＣＤＥ）在监测移植肾急性排斥中的应用价值，对７１例移植肾作ＣＤＥ及常规彩色多普勒血流成像（ＣＤＦＩ）等检查，其中２２例经临床及病理证实发生了急性排斥（ＡＲ）。结果表明：根据ＣＤＥ可以诊断急性排斥，其灵敏度比ＣＤＦＩ高。若ＣＤＥ与ＣＤＦＩ结合，则诊断ＡＲ的准确性更进一步提高。多次ＣＤＥ检查动态观察移植肾可预测ＡＲ的转归和监测抗排斥的效果。认为ＣＤＥ检查是目前肾移植术后较实用的一种监测手段。     

Sonographic criteria of phasic changes in human endometrial tissue

Sonographic criteria of endometrial tissue were obtained following serial observations in normally ovulating women, and a prospective identification of a specific phase was made in those with regular menstrual cycles. This may be the first report of endometrial tissue characterization. Clinical management of infertility and monitoring of follicular growth will thus be facilitated.     

经腹壁超声在膀胱肿瘤诊断与分期中的意义

行经腹Ｂ超检查临床疑诊为膀胱肿瘤患者２９９例，经与膀胱镜检和术后病理结果对照，２７１例证实为膀胱肿瘤，１０例为非膀胱肿瘤，１８例经腹Ｂ超漏诊。本组经腹Ｂ超诊断准确率为９０．６％（２７１／２９９），误诊率为３．３％（１０／２９９），漏诊率为６．０％（１８／２９９）。经腹壁超声判断膀胱肿瘤分期总的正确率为８８．６％（Ｔ_１期肿瘤８９．１％，Ｔ_２期为８６．８％，Ｔ３期为８７．５％，Ｔ_４期为１００．０％）。经腹壁超声方法简单，患者无痛苦，对膀胱肿瘤诊断与分期的准确性较高，应作为膀胱肿瘤的常规检查方法。     

Simple adnexal cysts diagnosed by ultrasound in postmenopausal women

Thirty simple adnexal cysts in postmenopausal women detected by sonography were followed prospectively. The cysts were totally anechoic or with at most two septations. Size varied from 2 cm to 8 cm, but one was as large as 17 cm. Only seven were discovered at the pelvic examination prior to the scan. Fifteen underwent surgery and no malignant tumor was found. The remaining 15 were followed by sonography only. Six lesions had disappeared after one month, altogether 12 had disappeared after seven months. After two years, only two 2-cm cysts remained. The results indicate that surgery on simple adnexal cysts may not be necessary but they should be followed by sonography.     

Gastric wall thickness in normal and neoplastic subjects: A prospective study performed by abdominal ultrasound

Gastric wall thickness (body-antrum) was blind measured prospectively by real-time ultrasound in 58 patients (30 with gastric cancer and 28 healthy) who had previously undergone endoscopy.Gastric wall thickness on the average measured 15.933±4.471 mm in the neoplastic patients and 5.107±1.100 mm in the normal subjects. Seven millimeters was the highest value found in the normal subjects (4 cases) and the minimum value found in the neoplastic patients (1 case).Knowing the normal gastric wall thickness value on a standard ultrasound examination of the upper abdomen is useful, as ultrasound is often performed as a screening or first-step procedure, in order to address the patients with higher values toward more specific techniques.This paper was presented in part as a free communication at EUROSON '87, Helsinki, June 1987.     

血液成分与大脑中动脉血流速度的关系

对８６例健康人大脑中动脉（ＭＣＡ）血流速度和血液成分的测定结果表明，ＭＣＡ血流速度与血球压积和纤维蛋白原浓度呈负相关，血液中其它成分对ＭＣＡ血流速度无影响。提示：判断经颅多普勒测定血流速度的临床意义时，应考虑到血球压积和纤维蛋白原对它的影响。     

单纯性肾囊肿112例临床分析

本文分析了川东地区干部保健体检,经B超和CT检查720例患者肾和肝等器官,发现单纯性肾囊肿112例,检出率15.55％。按年龄分三组,44岁以下组囊肿检出率8.04％(28/348),45～69岁组检出率16.31％(44/269),60岁以上组检出率38.83％(40/103),组间比较差异非常显著(P<0.005),说明囊肿的发生随年龄的增长而递增。单发性肾囊肿89例(72.32％)多于多发性囊肿23例(27.68％)。囊肿的大小与年龄无关。绝大多数患者无临床表现。全部患者肾功能均正常。伴发肝囊肿13例(11.6％)。     

Robust electromagnetic probe for the monitoring of lithotriptor output

The ability to measure the powers and pressures generated by extracorporeal lithotriptors is important for both patient safety and treatment planning. Regular measurements of output have been impossible in the past because there have been no instruments available that could withstand prolonged or repeated exposure to litho-triptor fields. The literature contains reports of various devices that have been used to make measurements of lithotriptor output, and these are briefly described here. The authors report the use of a new electromagnetic probe as a robust monitoring device. It has been tested by comparison with a PVdF coplanar membrane hydrophone, by comparison with the results of disintegrating a series of synthetic stones and by impact measurements. The electromagnetic probe has also been used to monitor the output of a piezoelectric extracorporeal lithotriptor over a 12-month period. Fluctuations in pulse energy of up to 350% were observed.     

脐带缠绕的临床特点及意义探讨

目的：探讨脐带缠绕的临床特点及意义。方法：对１９９４～１９９６年在我院分娩的４２０例产妇（脐绕组２１０例，对照组２１０例）的分娩资料进行回顾性分析。结果：（１）胎儿窘迫率、新生儿窒息率与对照组比较，差异有显著性。（２）胎膜早破、胎方位异常、胎头衔接下降异常发生率与对照组比较，差异有显著性。（３）剖宫产及阴道助产率与对照组比较，差异有显著性。（４）胎心监护示变异减速（ＶＤ）和基线跳跃（突变型）明显高于对照组。结论：脐带缠绕影响产程进展，导致分娩异常，可给围生儿带来不良结局。