Acoustic properties of normal and cancerous human liver—I. Dependence on pathological condition

Ultrasonic speed, attenuation and backscattering were measured as functions of frequency and orientation in specimens of exercised human liver, with a view to establishing the usefulness of such measurements to characterize the pathology and structure of the tissue. It is observed that acoustic speed is superior to any attenuation or backscattering characteristics for distinguishing in vitro between specimens of tumours and normal human liver selected at random. However, when the data are corrected for variations between one subject and another, sound speed, attenuation and the mean back-scattering coefficient at a given frequency show a comparable degree of usefulness in this respect. Analysis of the periodicities present in the backscattering diffraction patterns did not contribute any improvement in the ability to distinguish between tissue states. On average, by comparison with normal liver, ultrasound travels about 1.5% (± 1%) slower, is attenuated by about 20% (± 30%) less at 3 MHz and is backscattered by about 80% (±115%) less at 3 MHz in the tumor specimens that were measured. Livers infiltrated by diffuse malignant disease appear to possess quite different ultrasonic propagation properties to normal liver although insufficient data are yet available for firm conclusions to be drawn.     

Zur Treffsicherheit der Gallenblasensonographie

Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Serie von 158 durch Operation kontrollierten Sonographiebefunden der Gallenblase berichtet. Die Treffsicherheit der Gallensteindiagnostik betrug 99,3 % bei einem falsch-positiven, aber keinem falsch-negativen Ergebnis. Die Sonographie ist eine wenig zeitaufwendige, den Patienten nicht belastende und billige Untersuchungsmethode für die Abklärung von Gallenblasenerkrankungen. Sie sollte daher — möglichst mit einem Real-time-Gerät — als erstes apparativ-diagnostisches Verfahren eingesetzt werden.

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Accuracy of ultrasonics in gallbladder diseases

Summary Report on 158 ultrasonic findings of gallbladder diseases, all of them controlled by laparotomy. The diagnostic accuracy for stones was 99.3% with one false-positive but without any false-negative result. Because ultrasonics is a less time consuming and inexpensive method without trouble for patients, it should be used — if possible with a real-time equipment — as the first apparatively-diagnostic procedure in cases of suspected gallbladder diseases.

     

An unusual flat interface in orbital ultrasonic examinations

Systems of classifying orbital echograms have been developed to aid in increasing the diagnostic accuracy of the technique. An unusual flat interface was recorded in the retrobulbar region of three patients and in each case shown to be a horizontal plane separating two fluid regions. The dynamic behaviour of these regions was studied in one patient over a 30 min period and possible interpretations of the phenomenon discussed. In the other two patients the interface was restricted to one tumour lobule. The characteristic appearance described has been added to our diagnostic criteria and we expect it to add to the value of the technique in diagnosis of orbital pathology.     

聚焦超声治疗过敏性鼻炎效果观察

目的 探讨高能聚焦超声波在过敏性鼻炎治疗中的作用.方法 对46例长年性过敏性鼻炎患者用高能聚焦超声波进行治疗,观察临床疗效.结果 术后均随访3个月,46例用聚焦超声波治疗的患者鼻塞症状均消失,均未出现再打喷嚏现象,6例患者于晨起时出现少量清涕,无并发症及后遗症.结论 用高能聚焦超声波治疗过敏性鼻炎有效,在合理的治疗剂量下,术后无并发症,且治疗简便易行,是一种可推广使用的物理治疗方法.     

Microembolic signals and clinical outcome in patients with acute stroke – a prospective study

The occurrence of microembolic signals (MES) in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke has already been described; the influence of the time interval between onset of symptoms and transcranial Doppler monitoring (TCD) on the MES rate or MES prevalence and the possible prognostic value of the early detected MES rate on the outcome of TIA or stroke symptoms in a 3 month interval are discussed. In a prospective study we evaluated 61 patients consecutively admitted to our stroke unit after their first ischemic neurological deficit involving the vascular territory of MCA and/or ACA. All of the patients underwent a 30-minute bilateral transcranial Doppler monitoring of their MCAs for the identification of MES. Monitoring was performed within 12.3 + -9.3 (average mean + -SD) hours of stroke onset for the first time, the second time 48 hours after first TCD monitoring. Prognosis for the recovery of neurological deficits was evaluated by using the Barthel index (BI) and Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) at the time of admission of the patient to the stroke unit, and with Barthel indices after one month and after 3 months. As a result, 56% of all patients showed MES in at least one of the two registrations. MES were recorded not only on the symptomatic side. The MES prevalence between both TCD monitorings was significantly different (total MES prevalence: 1st TCD: 26 patients: 2nd TCD: 13 patients; p < 0.04; ipsilateral MES prevalence: 1st TCD: 19 patients; 2nd TCD: 9 patients; p < 0.01). The regression analysis showed a significant influence of the total MES rate on both neurological scores at admission (SSS: 0.03; Barthel index: 0.04), but not for the Barthel scores after one and three months. In conclusion, we found an influence of the time interval between onset of neurological symptoms of TIA or stroke on the MES rate and the prevalence of MES. The prevalence of MES or the MES rate, found after a short time interval to the onset of symptoms, did not have a prognostic value on the outcome of neurological deficits up to a three month follow-up.     

Evaluation of the inner-surface morphology of an artificial heart by acoustic microscopy

The total artificial heart (TAH) is being developed for permanent replacement of the natural heart instead of heart transplantation. The need for detecting the material fatigue in the TAH is increasing in order to guarantee long-term use. In this study, the inner surface morphology of the TAH was evaluated by a specially developed scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) system operating in the frequency range of 100-200 MHz. The inner sac of our TAH consisted of polyvinylchloride coated with polyurethane, and the SAM investigations were performed before and after the implantations in goats. The amplitude images of the SAM demonstrated protein adhesion on the inner surface of the TAH after the animal experiment, and the phase images showed distortion of the wall with spatial resolution of 0.2 microm. These results suggest the feasibility of a high-frequency ultrasound for evaluating the material fatigue of TAH.     

定量骨超声对诊断甲状腺功能亢进症患者骨代谢异常的意义

目的探讨定量骨超声在甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)骨代谢异常中的意义。方法选择118例甲亢患者,用Sunlight-Ominisense超声骨强度仪检测其桡骨、胫骨超声波传导速度(SOS),双能X线骨密度仪测定其腰椎、股骨近端骨密度。用放射免疫方法测定血清总甲状腺素(TT4),总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3),游离甲状腺素(FT4),游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)的水平。血生化的方法测定血碱性磷酸酶。结果与正常对照比较,甲亢患者胫骨和桡骨SOS降低(40~50岁:3809±171vs.3955±102,3881±713vs.4187±114;50~60岁:3721±223vs.3852±102,3875±201vs.4035±114),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0·05);SOS与骨密度呈显著性正相关(P<0·05);甲亢胫骨和桡骨SOS异常的发生率(Z值≥-1的发生率分别为41·2%、43·3%,-2·5相似文献   

Animal study on lung injury caused by simulant segmented shock waves

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豚鼠耳蜗毛细胞暴露非聚焦超声后的酶组织化学观察

目的　探讨非聚焦超声 (non focusedultrasound ,NFU)对耳蜗毛细胞的影响。方法　以A型超声波诊断仪为超声发射器 ,分别以 2 5MHz、8MHz照射各 15耳豚鼠耳蜗 6h后 30min和 8h行耳蜗基底膜毛细胞铺片及冰冻切片观察琥珀酸脱氢酶 (succinatedehydrogenase ,SDH)组织化学变化。结果　 2 5MHz、8MHzNFU照射豚鼠耳蜗 6h后 8h能引起不同节段基底膜毛细胞SDH酶活性降低 ,其中外毛细胞较内毛细胞SDH酶活性降低更甚。照射后 8h组较照射后 30min组SDH酶活性有明显恢复。结论不同频率NFU超声照射耳蜗达一定剂量可以引起不同部位基底膜毛细胞的病理性缺氧改变 ,而这种缺氧病理改变在一定暴露剂量下是可逆或部分可逆的。提示耳蜗毛细胞可能与超声感受有关 ,其中外毛细胞可能起更为重要的作用 ,且不同部位毛细胞与超声感受的频率选择性可能有一定关系