Epidemiology and risk factors of colorectal cancer in China

In China, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranked fourth and fifth in the highest incidence and mortality rates of all malignancies in 2018, respectively. Although these rates are below the world average, China placed first worldwide in the number of new CRC cases and CRC-related deaths because of its comparatively large population. This disease represents a threat to the health of population and incurs a heavy economic burden on the society and individuals. CRC has various risk factors, including age, sex, lifestyle, genetic factors, obesity, diabetes, gut microbiota status, and precancerous lesions. Furthermore, incidence and mortality rates of CRC are closely related to socioeconomic development levels, varying according to regional and population characteristics. Prevention is the main strategy to reduce incidence and mortality rates of CRC. This can be achieved through strategies stimulating lifestyle changes, healthy diet habits, and early screening for high-risk individuals. To reduce the burden of CRC, public health officials should promote prevention and management of modifiable risk factors through national policies. The rising incidence and mortality rates of CRC in China may be timely curbed by clarifying specific epidemiological characteristics, optimizing early screening strategies, and strictly implementing diagnosis and treatment guidelines. Thus, this study aimed to collect and report the current research status on epidemiology and risk factors of CRC in China.     

华支睾吸虫病和麝猫后睾吸虫病的流行和防控现状

肝吸虫流行范围广、感染率高,是目前我国和部分东南亚国家重要的公共卫生问题。可引起人类肝吸虫病的肝吸虫包括华支睾吸虫、麝猫后睾吸虫和猫后睾吸虫,流行于我国的华支睾吸虫感染人数最多,流行于湄公河流域的麝猫后睾吸虫次之,两者都与胆管癌的发生有关。尽管政府对肝吸虫防控工作投入了大量的人力、物力和财力,但是我国部分省肝吸虫感染率有随时间增高趋势,说明肝吸虫防控工作任重道远。本文针对华支睾吸虫病和麝猫后睾吸虫病的病原学检测和诊断、传播和流行、以及防控等现状进行综述,指出了未来肝吸虫病防控工作的重点和难点。     

2014—2018年黄山市淋病疫情流行特征分析

目的分析2014-2018年黄山市淋病的流行特征,为全市的淋病防控工作提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集黄山市2014—2018年的淋病数据、人口数据,进行统计分析。结果2014—2018年黄山市累计报告淋病病例761例,年均发病率为11.09/10万,年均增长率为29.14%,发病率呈逐年上升趋势(χ^2趋势=112.29,P<0.05)。淋病的人群分布中,男女报告病例数之比为13.63:1,男女发病率有统计学差异(χ^2=113.18,P<0.05);15~49岁年龄组病例数最多,占85.94%,职业以农民最多,占44.81%;以屯溪区、歙县报告病例数较多,分别占37.45%、23.26%。结论2014—2018年黄山市淋病发病率呈上升趋势,淋病防控形势严峻,需进一步完善各项防控措施。     

湖南省新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情流行特征分析

目的 分析湖南省195起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情的流行病学特征,为新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情防控提供科学依据。方法 收集2020年1—2月湖南省195起新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 195起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情,发病696 例,无死亡病例;报告事件数位居前三的是长沙市(51起)、岳阳市(31起)、邵阳市(22起)。疫情起数、发病数在1月31日均达到高峰。男女性别比1.02∶1;平均年龄44.7岁,其中15岁以下儿童42例(6.3%);无症状感染者55例(8.28%);病例以轻型和普通型为主,占79.5%。仅发生一代病例的事件为28起(14.4%),二代病例的事件154起(79.0%),三代病例的事件10起(5.1%),四代病例的事件3起(1.5%)。一代病例与二代病例代际间隔平均为6.2 d(95%CI:5.1~7.3),中位数5.0 d。家庭暴露聚集性疫情续发率范围0.7%~100%,中位11.8%;医疗机构续发率范围0.9%~20.0%,中位6.9%。127起(65.1%)为湖北输入型疫情。696例聚集性病例中,268例(38.5%)为首代病例,387例(55.6%)为二代病例,32例(4.6%)为三代病例,9例(1.3%)为四代病例。事件暴露方式多种多样,184起有同住暴露,185起有同车暴露,118起有聚会暴露,149起有聚餐暴露,165起有交谈暴露,8起有会议培训暴露。结论 湖南省新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情主要发生在家庭,应关注重点地区、重点人群、重点场所,落实各项防控措施,有效处置新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情,防止疫情进一步扩散。     

An overview of existing mesothelioma registries worldwide,and the need for a US Registry

The association between asbestos exposure, mainly in occupational settings, and malignant mesothelioma has been well established; this has prompted several countries to establish mesothelioma epidemiologic surveillance programs often at the request of national agencies. This review compares currently existing mesothelioma registries worldwide to develop a concept model for a US real-time case capture mesothelioma registry. Five countries were identified with a mesothelioma specific registry, including Italy, France, UK, Australia, and South Korea. All, except the UK, used interviews to collect exposure data. Linkage with the national death index was available or was in future plans for all registries. The registries have limited information on treatment, quality of life, and other patient-centered outcomes such as symptoms and pain management. To thoroughly collect exposure data, “real-time” enrollment is preferable; to maximize the capture of mesothelioma cases, optimal coverage, and a simplified consent process are needed.     

2018年深圳市龙岗区手足口病流行病学分析

目的　了解2018年深圳市龙岗区手足口病流行病学特征，为制定针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法　采用描述性流行病学方法对2018年龙岗区手足口病流行的时间、空间、人群分布以及病原体流行状况进行分析。结果　2018年龙岗区共报告手足口病病例15 116例，发病率为311.45/10万。2018年龙岗区手足口病流行期为5—11月，全年高峰出现在5月。各街道均有病例报告。男女性别比为1.52∶1，发病人群中以5岁以下幼童为主，占发病总数的86.23%。病原体疫情监测显示阳性标本中以其他EV阳性率最高，占41.28%，其次为Cox A16型，占15.12%。结论　2018年龙岗区手足口病流行保持夏秋季节高发的特点，发病人群以0～5岁年龄组为主，病原体流行趋势为其他EV阳性率增加。因此，须加强手足口病监测，采取相关措施有效预防手足口病的流行或暴发。