极低 超低出生体重儿的护理策略

得临床推广。低出生体重儿（LBWI）指的是出生时体重〈2 500 g,出生体重在1 000～1 499 g之间的称为极低出生体重儿（VLBWI）,出生体重〈1 000 g为超低出生体重儿（ELBWI）[1]。围生期是婴儿死亡比率最高的阶段,因此能否成功抢救低出生体重儿、极低出生体重儿乃至超低出生体重儿,成为衡量新生儿科医生业务水平的普遍标准,同时也考验着护理人员技能的高低。我院新生儿科重症监护室（NICU）2011年6月—2012年6月成功抢救极低、超低出生体重儿30例,现将其临床护理经验报告如下。     

脂欣康对ApoE基因敲除小鼠海马形态学及胆碱乙酰转移酶和突触素表达的影响

目的研究脂欣康对ApoE基因敲除(ApoEKO)小鼠海马形态学及脑胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)和突触素(P38)表达的影响。方法以ApoEKO小鼠为研究对象,随机分为ApoEKO组、脂欣康组、联合干预组,分别给予生理盐水、脂欣康、脂欣康+维生素E灌胃,每日一次,连续灌胃60d,以同龄C57BL/6J小鼠作为正常对照组,之后将所有小鼠断头处死,采用HE染色观察各组小鼠海马神经元组织形态学改变,采用免疫组化技术与计算机图像分析技术检测ApoEKO小鼠海马内ChAT和P38的表达。结果与C57BL/6J小鼠相比,ApoEKO组小鼠海马区神经细胞结构破坏,ChAT阳性神经细胞数目与P38阳性染色颗粒明显减少,染色变浅,ChAT与P38平均灰度值明显增高(P<0.05)。干预组的反应结果介于两者之间,联合干预组表达优于脂欣康组。结论脂欣康能够减轻ApoEKO小鼠海马区神经损害,增强ChAT与P38的表达,与维生素E间有协同作用。     

红细胞直接抗球蛋白试验阳性Rh血型鉴定方法

目的探讨新生儿溶血病患儿红细胞上致敏抗体对Rh血型检测的影响,建立一种简单、可行、准确的新生儿溶血病患儿Rh血型鉴定方法。方法选用抗球蛋白法、凝聚胺法、盐水法、微柱凝胶法以及抗血清微柱凝胶法对156例新生儿溶血病患儿红细胞进行Rh血型鉴定,并对患儿致敏红细胞用45℃红细胞抗体放散后再检测Rh血型。结果 107例直接抗球蛋白试验阴性患儿中,101例5种方法结果一致,6例结果不一致;49例直接抗球蛋白试验阳性的患儿中有31例结果不一致。37例Rh血型测定结果不一致的标本经45℃抗体放散后测定,结果一致。对10例新生儿溶血病患儿Rh血型的准确性进行验证,其红细胞放散后测定的Rh血型完全符合临床现象。结论 45℃抗体放散后再鉴定血型是一种简单可行的正确鉴定新生儿溶血病患儿Rh血型的方法。     

CD_（36）基因多态性对2型糖尿病患者血脂和CRP的影响

目的观察2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者CD36内含子3[TG]重复序列基因多态性分布,探讨该基因多态性对T2DM患者血脂、C反应蛋白（CRP）的影响。方法应用PCR直接测序法对193例T2DM患者（T2DM组）及80例正常健康体检者（对照组）的CD36内含子3[TG]重复序列基因多态性进行分析,并观察该基因多态性对血脂、CRP的影响。结果两组CD36内含子3全部为杂合子,且存在[TG]重复序列,但其重复频数在11/〉11、12/〉12、〉12/〉12中均无统计学差异。在T2DM患者中HDL-C异常组与HDL-C正常组、LDL-C异常组与LDL-C正常组、CRP异常组和CRP正常组CD36内含子3[TG]重复序列基因多态性分布比较均有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。结论 CD36内含子3[TG]重复序列基因多态性与T2DM患者HDL-C、LDL-C、CRP水平有关。     

基层医院艾滋病病区健康教育存在的问题与对策

目的 探讨艾滋病患者的健康教育,满足患者及家属对艾滋病相关知识的需求,积极配合治疗,减少并发症的发生.方法 对艾滋病患者及家属进行健康教育效果评价,对存在的问题进行分析并提出对策.结果 存在患者及家属对护士信任度低,对健康教育认知程度低,护士教育能力不足,认知不够、缺乏教育时间等.结论 通过提高护士对健康教育的认识和缺...     

脑卒中急性期空腹胃电图动态变化分析

目的观察脑卒中患者急性期空腹胃电图参数的动态变化,并探讨其相关发生机制。方法应用体表胃电图检测127例急性脑卒中患者入院24 h及入院1周时空腹胃电参数变化,并与34名健康对照组相对比。结果与正常组相比,脑卒中患者入院24 h胃窦及胃体部胃电振幅明显降低,入院1周时两部位胃电振幅则升高接近正常水平。胃窦及胃体部两不同时间的胃电频率与正常组相比无统计学意义。同时,脑出血患者入院24 h胃窦及胃体部的胃电振幅与正常组相比均明显降低（P〈0.05）,入院1周时已升高至正常水平。而脑梗死患者胃窦及胃体部两不同时间胃电振幅与正常组相比均无统计学意义。结论脑卒中患者急性期胃窦、胃体部的蠕动频率未见明显改变,而胃窦、胃体部的蠕动强度受到抑制,且不同性质的脑卒中类型对胃动力的影响亦不相同,其中脑出血患者胃窦、胃体部的蠕动强度降低尤为明显。     

线粒体DNA3160-3755区域基因突变与2型糖尿病的关系

目的研究线粒体DNA3160-3755区域基因在延边地区2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者中的突变情况,探讨该区域线粒体基因突变与2型糖尿病的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（polymorphismchainreaction-restrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphism,PCR-RFLP）技术和直接测序法对延边地区人群108例正常健康体检者、328例T2DM患者（其中2例合并耳聋）,进行线粒体DNA3160-3755区域基因突变筛查。结果线粒体DNA3316G-A在糖尿病组和正常对照组中的突变率分别为3．7％和3．8％。两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;3394T→C在糖尿病组和正常对照组中的突变率分别为7．3％和1．9％,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;在糖尿病组及正常对照组中均未检测到线粒体DNA3243A→G、3593T→C和3714A→G突变。结论线粒体DNA3316G→A突变与延边地区T2DM的发生无关;线粒体DNA3,394T→C突变与延边地区T2DM的发生有关;线粒体DNA3423A→G,3593T→C,3714A→G突变在延边地区T2DM中的发生率为0,提示上述位点基因突变率极低。     

甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病并发脑梗死1例

<正>甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病并发的神经系统损害以肌肉和周围神经损害为主要表现,并发脑梗死者少见.延边大学附属医院于2010年6月诊断并治疗了1例甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病并发脑梗死患者,     

Expression of integrin β3 and osteopontin in endometrium of patients with adenomyosis

Objective To investigate the expression of integrin β3 and osteopontin(OPN) in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of adenomyosis. Methods From January 2007 to July 2008, the endometrium specimens were collected from 43 patients with adenomyosis undergoing hysterectomy in Peking University First Hospital. Eutopic endometrium were 11 in proliferative phase and 32 in secretory phase (18 cases in mid-secretory phase) were collected. Ectopic endometriums were also collected. In the mean time, it was chosen 41 cases with pure subserous uterine myoma or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅱ-Ⅲ treated by hysterectomy as controls including 12 endometrium in proliferative phase and 29 endometrium in secretory phase (19 cases in mid-secretory phase). The expression of Integrin β3 subunit and OPN in the endometrium were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results (1)Immunohistochemical staining showed that positive staining of integrin β3 and OPN were present predominantly in eutopic and ectopic endometrial glandular epithelium. There was significant different protein expression of integrin β3 and OPN, which were 1.6±0.8 and 1.7±0.7 in eutopic endometrium,1.7±0.7 and 1.8±0.9 in ectopic endometrium,2.1±0.9 and 2.0±0.9 in control endometrium (P<0.05). The protein expression of integrin β3 and OPN in eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis in the proliferative phase(0.8±0.4 and 0.7±0.3) were remarkably lower than those of the secretory phase(1.8±0.8 and 1.9±0.8,P<0.01). The protein expression of integrin β3 and OPN in the endometrium of controls in the proliferative phase(1.0±0.4 and 1.0±0.4) were significantly lower than those of the secretory phase(2.5±0.7 and 2.5±0.7)(P=0.000). In the mid-secretory phase, the protein expression of integrin β3(2.0±0.9) and OPN (2.1±0.8)in eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis were significantly lower than that of control endometrium(2.7±0.5 and 2.7±0.7)(P<0.01). (2)The mRNA expression level of integrin β and OPN in eutopic and ectopic endometrium were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR(result was shown by median index). It was observed that integrin β3 mRNA and OPN mRNA were significantly lower in the eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis (4.69 and 4.23), when compared with ectopic endometrium(7.96 and 14.84)and controls (13.47 and 17.40) (P<0.05). Eutopic endometrium had higher mRNA expression of integrin β and OPN mRNA in the secretory phase (5.54 and 11.40) than that in the proliferative phase(2.69 and 3.30) (P<0.01).The mRNA expression level of integrin β and OPN of control endometrium in the proliferative phase (3.12 and 4.75)were significantly lower than that in the secretory phase(19.94 and 21.00, P=0.000). The mRNA expression of integrin β and OPN were 10.10 and 14.34 in the mid-secretory phase, which were significantly lower than 21.50 and 24.18 in control endometrium(P<0.05). Conclusions High expression of integrin β3 and OPN in ectopic endometrium of adenomyosis may cause endometriotic lesions; abnormal expression of integrin β3 and OPN in the endometrium of adenomyosis during the implantation window may contribute to infertility in some patients.