急诊治疗重症心力衰竭的方案及疗效探析

目的探讨急诊治疗重症心力衰竭的方案及疗效。方法选择本院80例2016年2月-2019年2月重症心力衰竭患者。随机分组,常规治疗组采取常规方法治疗,急诊治疗组则采取全面急诊治疗。比较两组重症心力衰竭疗效;重症心力衰竭症状改善的时间、心功能改善两级的时间;治疗前后患者舒张压、平均心率以及左心射血分数;不良反应。结果急诊治疗组重症心力衰竭疗效、重症心力衰竭症状改善的时间、心功能改善两级的时间、舒张压、平均心率以及左心射血分数相比较常规治疗组更好,P<0.05。两组未见严重不良反应,P>0.05。结论全面急诊治疗重症心力衰竭可获得较好预后,可有效改善患者的心功能,缓解症状,且安全性高,无明显不良反应。     

持续性颅内压监测在颅脑外伤治疗的效果探讨

目的对急性重型颅脑外伤患者在临床治疗中实施持续性颅内压监测的价值进行研究。方法选择本院在2017年8月—2018年8月期间收治的确诊为重型颅脑外伤的患者共计28例作为研究对象,按照硬币法将这些患者划分为两个小组,对照组14例,实验组14例。采用常规治疗方式对对照组加以治疗,采用持续性颅内压监测对实验组加以治疗,对两组患者的治疗效果进行比较。结果对照组的预后神经功能NHISS评分为(15.83±0.31)分、预后GOS评分为(3.19±0.15)分,实验组的预后神经功能NHISS评分为(11.18±0.45)分、预后GOS评分为(4.90±0.17)分。实验组预后神经功能NHISS评分、GOS评分均明显优于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在急性重型颅脑外伤患者的临床治疗中应用持续性颅内压监测具有重要作用,其能够对患者的治疗予以有效指导,提升患者的治疗效果。     

血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减联合西药治疗高血压颈动脉硬化的临床观察

目的:观察血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减联合西药治疗高血压颈动脉硬化的效果。方法:选取2017年6月至2018年6月聊城市中医院收治的高血压颈动脉硬化患者92例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组与观察组,每组46例。对照组患者给予左旋氨氯地平+阿托伐他汀口服,观察组在对照组基础上加用血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减口服。观察患者血压、血脂控制情况,测定颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、斑块面积、血管皮内皮功能、血清蛋白酶分子水平。结果:与对照组比较,观察组治疗后的血压SBP、DBP及血脂TG、TC、LDL-C等指标更低(P<0.05);颈动脉粥样硬化斑块IMT厚度、斑块面积明显缩小(P<0.05),血管内皮功能指标ET-1、AngⅡ、TXB2水平明显降低,NO水平明显升高(P<0.05);血清CatK、MMP-9水平明显降低(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率8.70%明显低于对照组不良反应发生率21.74%(P<0.05)。结论:血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减联合西药更利于控制高血压颈动脉硬化患者的血压,调节脂质代谢,改善血管内皮功能,降低血清蛋白酶分子的含量,用药安全。     

耳穴贴压联合涌泉穴按摩对老年原发性高血压患者血压变异性的影响

目的:探讨耳穴贴压联合涌泉穴按摩治疗老年原发性高血压的效果及对患者血压变异性(BPV)的影响。方法:将94例老年原发性高血压患者随机分为对照组(n=47)和观察组(n=47)。常规西医治疗基础上,观察组给予王不留行籽耳穴贴压联合涌泉穴按摩治疗。比较两组治疗前后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)水平、SBP/DBP下降幅度并评估降压疗效,BPV根据24 h动态血压监测结果评估,计算两组治疗前后24h SBP标准差(24h SBP)、24h DBP标准差(24h DBP)、白天SBP标准差(dSSD)、白天DBP标准差(dDSD)、夜间SBP标准差(nSSD)和夜间DBP标准差(nDSD),记录两组治疗期间不良反应情况。结果:观察组治疗后SBP、DBP水平和下降幅度均优于对照组(P<0.05); 观察组降压总有效率97.87%明显高于对照组82.98%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 对照组治疗后24h SBP、24h DSD、dSSD、dDSD较治疗前有明显下降(P<0.05),观察组治疗后24h SBP、24h DSD、dSSD、dDSD、nSSD显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),观察组治疗后24h SBP、24h DSD、dSSD均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 两组不良反应以头晕、头痛、恶心和眩晕为主,症状程度均较轻,患者耐受性好,组间不良反应率比较差异均无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:常规西医治疗基础上给予中医耳穴贴压联合涌泉穴按摩,不仅能有效降低老年原发性高血压患者血压水平和增益降压疗效,而且能显著降低BPV。     

PS结合CPAP治疗新生儿肺透明膜病的疗效

目的 探讨PS(肺表面活性物质)结合CPAP(鼻塞式持续气道正压通气)对新生儿肺透明膜病患儿的治疗效果.方法 随机选取医院2016年8月—2018年8月收治的106例新生儿肺透明膜病患儿,并将其均分为常规组(n=53)与联合组(n=53).其中对常规组患儿单纯用鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗,对联合组患儿在前者基础上配合肺表面活性物质治疗.结果 联合组患儿治愈率显著高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与常规组患儿相比,联合组患儿肺炎发生率更低,且氧疗时间更短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 肺表面活性物质联合鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗新生儿肺透明膜病,其疗效更明显,可在提高临床治愈率的同时,减少肺炎发生率并缩短氧疗时间.     

Hypertensive Crisis during Microwave Ablation of Adrenal Neoplasms: A Retrospective Analysis of Predictive Factors

PurposeTo identify risk factors for hypertensive crisis (HC) during ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave (MW) ablation of adrenal neoplasms.Materials and MethodsPatients who underwent MW ablation for adrenal tumors between April 2006 and November 2017 were retrospectively identified for this study (51 consecutive patients; 35 males, 16 females; mean age, 55 years; range, 15–85 years). A total of 77 MW ablation treatments were performed for 67 tumors (24 primary [9 pheochromocytomas, 8 adenomas, and 7 cortical carcinomas]; and 43 metastases [22 hepatocellular carcinoma, 8 renal cell carcinoma, 5 non-small cell lung cancer, 4 colorectal cancer, 3 liposarcoma, and 1 malignant fibrous histiocytoma]). The mean diameter of the adrenal tumors was 4.6 cm (range, 1.2–16.2 cm). Information about patient demographics, imaging studies, pathology and laboratory results, procedure records, and clinical outcomes was retrieved and analyzed. Statistical analysis was then performed to determine potential risk factors for HC.ResultsOf the 77 MW ablation procedures, HC occurred in 13 (16.9%). A significantly higher risk of HC was observed in patients with pheochromocytoma (odds ratio [OR], 9.037; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.731–47.172; P = .009), body mass index <24 kg/m² (OR, 5.167; 95% CI, 1.060–25.194; P = .042), dominant tumor size ≤4.5 cm (OR, 4.023; 95% CI, 1.011–16.005; P = .048), and pre-procedural systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg (OR, 0.242; 95% CI, 0.068–0.861; P = .029).ConclusionHC can occur during MW ablation in patients with either primary or metastatic adrenal tumors. Pheochromocytoma, body mass index, tumor size, and pre-procedural systolic blood pressure appear to be significant risk factors for the occurrence of HC.     

Association of quadriceps angle with plantar pressure distribution,navicular height and calcaneo-tibial angle

ObjectiveThe aim of study was to analyze the association between Quadriceps Angle (QA) and plantar pressure, navicular height (NH), and calcaneo-tibial angle (CTA).MethodsA total of 64 volunteers (mean age: 22.25 ± 2.54 (range:19–33)) participated in this cross sectional study. EMED-m (Novel GmbH, Germany) electronic pedobarograph was employed for dynamic plantar pressure measurement using two step protocol. The angle between the vertical axis of calcaneus and the long axis of Achilles tendon for CTA. The height of navicular tubercle from the ground was measured while the subject was standing on both feet for NH. QA was measured while the subject was standing in a relaxed posture where both feet bearing equal weight.ResultsThere were significant negative correlations between QA and maximum force (MxF) under the 4th. metatarsal head (MH4). The QA was also significantly correlated with MxF and force-time integral (FTI) under the bigtoe (BT). FTI under the 3rd. metatarsal head (MH3), MH4 and 5th. metatarsal head (MH5) were significantly negatively correlated with QA. Pressure-time integral (PTI) under the MH4 and MH5 were found to be significantly negatively correlated with QA. A significant correlation was also found between QA and NH (p < 0.0001), whilst there was no correlation between QA and CTA. Regression analysis showed that NH was appeared as the major contributor for the QA (β = −0.49, p < 0.001) in the dynamic condition, followed by BT-FTI (β = 0.37, p < 0.001) and MH5-MxF (β = −0.21, p < 0.037).ConclusionThese findings may imply that the NH which can at least be controlled by appropriate shoe inserts may affect QA. This way, loading pattern of both plantar region and whole lower extremity may be altered.Level of evidenceLevel III, Diagnostic Study.     

保留自主呼吸对于重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的影响：弊大于利

急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是临床上常见的以顽固性低氧为表现的呼吸功能不全或衰竭的综合征，肺不均一性是其主要病理生理特点。传统观点认为，保留ARDS患者自主呼吸有助于改善全身氧合。但是近年来发现，对于重度ARDS患者，保留患者自主呼吸会加重肺损伤，过强的自主呼吸会导致重度ARDS患者跨肺压升高、肺内气体摆动、肺水肿加重以及人机不同步，引起患者肺内炎症加重，氧合功能恶化，最终影响患者预后，增加病死率。本文就自主呼吸对重度ARDS患者呼吸功能的影响机制展开综述。