Robotic-assisted heller myotomy versus laparoscopic heller myotomy for the treatment of esophageal achalasia: multicenter study

Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) has become the standard treatment option for achalasia. The incidence of esophageal perforation reported is about 5%–10%. Robotically assisted Heller myotomy (RAHM) is emerging as a safe alternative to LHM. Data comparing the two approaches are scant. The aim of this study was to compare RAHM with LHM in terms of efficacy and safety for treatment of achalasia. A total of 121 patients underwent surgical treatment of achalasia at three institutions. A retrospective review of prospectively collected perioperative data was performed. Patients were divided into two groups: group A (RAHM), 59 patients, and group B (LHM), 62 patients. All the operations were completed using minimally invasive techniques. There were 63 women and 58 men, with a mean age of 45 ±19 years (14–82 years). Fifty-one percent of patients in group A and 95% of patients in group B reported weight loss. Duration of symptoms was equal for both groups. Dysphagia was the main complaint in both groups (P = NS). There was no difference in preoperative endoscopic treatment in both groups (44% versus 27%, P = NS). Operative time was significantly shorter for LHM in the first half of the experience (141 ± 49 versus 122 ± 44 minutes, P < .05). However, in the last 30 cases there was no difference in operative time between the groups (P = NS). Intraoperative complications (esophageal perforation) were more frequent in group B (16% versus 0%). The incidence of postoperative heartburn did not differ by group. There were no deaths. At 18 and 22 months, 92% and 90% of patients had relief of their dysphagia. This study suggests that RAHM is safer than LHM, because it decreases the incidence of esophageal perforation to 0%, even in patients who had previous treatment. At short-term follow-up, relief of dysphagia was equally achieved in both groups. Presented at the Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Chicago, Illinois, May 14–18, 2005 (oral presentation). This study was supported in part by a grant provided by Intuitive Surgical, Inc. and Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.     

肝硬化患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床分析

目的:探讨肝硬化患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的可行性、安全性及手术技术特点。方法:回顾分析120例Child A、B级肝硬化患者行LC的临床资料。结果:中转开腹8例。中转原因:结石嵌顿、Calot三角粘连5例;术中出血,镜下止血困难2例;术中发现胆道变异1例。LC平均手术时间(40.3±12.5)min,术中平均出血(60.8±19.5)ml,术中无损伤,术后出血、肺部感染、泌尿系感染各1例。无肝功能衰竭等严重并发症,均治愈出院,术后平均住院(5.2±2.0)d。结论:对于Child A、B级肝硬化患者,LC是一种安全可行的微创手术。     

Inguinal hernia repair in Hospital Authority hospitals: The role of laparoscopic hernioplasty

Objective: Two major changes have occurred in inguinal hernia repair during the last two decades: (i) the use of tension‐free mesh repair; and (ii) the application of laparoscopic technique for repair. The aims of the present study were to study: (i) how inguinal hernia repair was carried out; and (ii) the outcome of inguinal hernia repair in Hospital Authority (HA) hospitals. Methodology: This was a retrospective analysis on 8311 elective inguinal hernia repairs performed in 16 HA hospitals from January 2001 to December 2003. The mean age was 63.9 ± 14.2 years, and the male to female ratio was 22.0 : 1.0. Among these, 869 (10.5%) repairs were performed with the laparoscopic approach and 7442 (89.5%) repairs with the open approach. The proportion of laparoscopic hernia repair increased from 8.7% to 12.6%. Results: For open repair, 39% of cases were carried out with regional anaesthesia, 32% with general anaesthesia and 29% with local anaesthesia (LA). Furthermore, mesh repair was used in 88% of the patients. For laparosocpic repair, 98.4% of cases were carried out under general anaesthesia, and all patients had mesh repair using the totally extraperitoneal approach. A significantly higher proportion of bilateral repair and recurrent hernia repair was performed with the laparoscopic approach (P = 0.000). For primary unilateral repair, there was no significant difference in the postoperative length of stay (LOS) and the total LOS between the laparoscopic and the open surgery groups. No difference in LOS was found in recurrent hernia repair between the two groups. With respect to bilateral repair, both the preoperative LOS (P = 0.036) and total LOS (P = 0.039) were shorter in the laparoscopic group. Furthermore, a significantly higher proportion of day‐surgery patients was observed in the laparoscopic group than the open surgery group (21.3%vs 16.9%, P = 0.001). Nevertheless, when only the results of 2003 were analyzed, the postoperative LOS (P = 0.000) and total LOS (P = 0.000) were significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group than the open surgery group. The LOS parameters were significantly shorter in the open surgery LA subgroup compared with the non‐LA subgroup (P = 0.000), and they were not different from those in the laparoscopic group. Conclusions: The open mesh repair is the predominant approach for inguinal hernia repair in HA hospitals. The originally described local anaesthetic approach was under utilized, although it resulted in good outcome. The use of laparoscopic hernia repair is increasing and a learning curve was recently observed with improved outcome.     

子宫内膜异位症患者血清TNF-α和TNF-β的测定

目的:了解子宫内膜异位症（简称内异症）患者血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和肿瘤坏死因子-β（TNF-β）的水平以及在腹腔镜保守性手术治疗前后的变化。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法检测82例内异症患者（内异症组）和68例非内异症妇女（对照组）血清中TNF-α和TNF-β的含量及49例手术前后两者水平的变化。结果：内异症组血清TNF-α和TNF-β含量均显著高于对照组（Ｐ<0.01），且二者表达量随病情加重有上升趋势（Ｐ<0.05）。手术后Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者血清中的TNF-α和Ⅰ～Ⅳ期患者血清TNF-β的含量随着内异灶的清除逐渐下降。结论:检测患者血清中TNF-α和TNF-β的含量，对术后随访、监测及手术效果的评价具有重要意义。     

Portsite and intraabdominal metastases of unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Report of a case

We herein report a rare case of portsite metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma which occurred after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A 64-year-old man underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at another hospital for symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. The histological examination revealed an adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder infiltrating the entire wall. Despite the physician's advice the patient refused any additional treatment. Thirteen months after surgery he visited our hospital because of a palpable mass at the scar of the right trocar incision. The nodule was removed and histological examination confirmed metastasis from the gallbladder carcinoma.     

Experience with 1904 laparoscopic cholecystectomies at a private hospital

The purpose of this paper is to describe our recent experience in performing laparoscopic cholecystectomies of which we performed 1904, from January 1991 to May 1997, at our private hospital, mainly to treat cholecystolithiasis. The patients included 1563 with gallbladder stones (82.0%), 82 with cholecystocholedocholithiasis (4.3%), 104 with adenomyomatosis (5.5%), 132 with polyps (6.9%), and 23 with gallbladder cancer (1.3%). A difficult pericholecystic dissection led to conversion to open surgery in 61 patients. The average operation time was 63 min. Bile duct injury or cystic artery bleeding occurred in 3 patients with acute cholecystitis, and small intestine injury occurred in 1 patient, while bile leakage or a right subphrenic abscess occurred in 6 patients postoperatively. Although this series included 69 patients with previous upper abdominal surgery, 14 with liver cirrhosis, 267 with a nonvisualized gallbladder, and 148 with acute cholecystitis, the overall conversion rate was only 3.2% and morbidity only 0.5%. Although almost all patients with cholelithiasis are now considered potential candidates for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, difficulties during cholecystectomy have been encountered in patients with acute cholecystitis. Surgeons should thus be fully prepared to convert to open surgery whenever difficulties are encountered, in order to avoid complication.     

经腹腔镜治疗肝囊肿临床探讨

目的　探讨经腹腔镜手术治疗肝囊肿的临床价值。方法　对 3 4例不同部位及不同囊肿个数的肝囊肿进行腹腔镜手术治疗。结果　 3 4例病人中有 3 2例手术成功 ,4例行囊肿切除 ,2 8例行囊肿开窗引流术 ,2例中转开腹 ,手术时间 2 0～ 90min ,平均约 40min ,全部病人痊愈出院 ,2例多囊肝术后复发。结论　腹腔镜治疗肝囊肿是安全可行的 ,同时具有创伤小、恢复快等优点     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的防治(附12例报告)

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的原因、预防和处理原则.方法 回顾分析12例腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的临床资料.结果 10例行Roux-en-Y胆肠内引流术愈合,2例行Roux-en-Y胆肠内引流术后发现胆总管横断,改行胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术.但未放置胆肠支撑管,又发现吻合口狭窄,再次行胆肠吻舍并放置胆肠支撑管,全部愈合.结论 预防损伤十分重要,胆管损伤的及时发现和正确处理是治疗成功的关键.     

腹腔镜X线联合经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石的探讨

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术时在X线透视下经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石的可行性。方法：2002年6月至2006年10月85例患者术前均经B超诊断为胆囊结石,伴胆总管扩张、胆总管结石。术中于腹腔镜下经胆囊管、胆总管造影,胆道镜取石网篮,在C臂机透视下用胆道镜网篮取石后经胆囊管取出。结果：85例患者经胆总管造影发现胆总管结石26例,经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石成功21例。3例因胆总管损伤中转开腹。2例腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石T管引流。结论：胆囊结石伴胆总管结石在X线透视下,正确掌握手术操作技巧,经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石可一次完成,术后效果满意。