肝硬化患者腹腔镜与剖腹胆囊切除术的比较

目的比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)和剖腹胆囊切除术(OC)在合并肝硬化患者治疗中的应用。方法1995年10月-2003年6月行胆囊切除术的肝硬化患者共55例,其中LC组26例,OC组29例,观察两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、住院天数和术后并发症发生率,并行统计学分析比较。结果LC组术中出血量、手术时间和住院时间分别为(102.69±53.78)mL、(53.19±20.77)min、(6.65±1.98)d,OC组分别为(151.72±61.94)mL、(77.76±22.16)min、(10.24±2.60)d,两组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);两组患者均无严重手术并发症和手术死亡。结论在治疗合并肝硬化(Child-Pugh分级为A级和B级)胆囊结石患者中,LC较OC更安全,具有出血少、手术时间和住院时间短等优点。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除联合手术117例临床报告

目的探讨腹腔镜联合手术的可行性及安全性。方法回顾分析1992年3月至2006年12月间117例腹腔镜联合手术的临床资料;男性39例,女性78例,年龄为25~74岁,其中行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC) 腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparascopic appendectomy,LA)46例;LC 肝囊肿去顶减压术15例;LC 肾囊肿去顶减压术6例;LC 肝、肾囊肿去顶减压术3例;LC 腹腔镜脾切除、门奇静脉联合断流术7例;LC 腹腔镜胃肠间质瘤切除术6例;LC 腹股沟疝修补术3例;LC 结直肠癌根治术8例;LC 粘连松解术6例;LC 子宫肌瘤剔除术6例;LC 卵巢囊肿剥除术10例;LC 肾脏错构瘤切除术1例。结果手术均顺利完成,中转开腹1例,胆漏1例,无感染、出血和胆道损伤等并发症;术后住院日平均为5.7 d。结论只要严格掌握各自疾病的手术治疗原则及联合手术的适应证,对两种或两种以上腹部病变的腹腔镜联合处理是安全有效的,具有创伤小、痛苦少、恢复快、灵活方便和多病联治的优点。     

气压弹道碎石联合胆道镜技术配合手术治疗肝胆管多发结石

目的探讨应用经输尿管镜气压弹道碎石技术联合经胆道镜等离子碎石技术配合传统技术治疗弥漫性、多发性肝胆管结石的手术方法,以期提高净石率和手术疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2002年9月～2005年1月采用经输尿管镜气压弹道碎石技术联合经胆道镜等离子碎石技术配合传统技术治疗肝胆管结石35例的临床资料。结果本组净石率为91.42%。获得随访的25例近期生活质量良好,远期疗效尚待观察。结论双镜配合手术治疗复杂肝内胆管结石充分发挥了各自的优势,手术效果较好。     

腹腔镜下胃近端癌根治术的探讨

目的 探讨腹腔镜下胃近端癌根治性手术的可行性及其效果.方法 回顾性分析我们于2004年5月～2006年10月行腹腔镜下根治性胃近端癌手术53例的临床资料.其中,行D1 α/β淋巴结清扫6例,D2/D2 清扫47例.全胃切除术18例,近端胃大部切除术35例.结果 本组有49例成功进行腹腔镜手术.中转开腹4例,中转率为7.5%.根治性近端胃切除术平均手术时间(215.8±22.8)min,全胃切除手术时间(289.8±35.8)min;平均出血量(139.34±82.7)ml;清扫淋巴结(28.9±11.0)枚;肿瘤近残端(3.6±1.3)cm,远残端(6.4±1.1)cm.术后肛门排气时间(3.1±0.9)d,下床活动时间(2.8±0.6)d.无术后死亡病例.吻合口漏1例及其它并发症7例均经内科治疗痊愈.术后随访2～31月,平均18.6月.因肿瘤复发死亡11例,另3例复发病人尚健在.结论 腹腔镜胃近端癌根治术能达到胃癌标准根治术(D2)的淋巴结清扫范围,且具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快、并发症发生率低及减少开胸手术机会等优点.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中如何避免胆囊管结石残留的体会

目的探讨LC术中胆囊管结石的诊断、处理方法及术后并发症的预防。方法回顾性分析我院1999年6月～2006年12月间行LC的1522例中合并胆囊管结石81例的临床资料。结果本组除1例中转开腹外,余者均顺利完成手术。本组术后未发生胆漏。术后2～4d后拔除腹腔引流管,2～6周后拔除T管。随访2月～2年,病人恢复满意。结论胆囊管结石在LC术中越来越多见,术前和术中处理是重要的预防措施,挤压法是基本处理方法。必要时,行术中胆道镜和胆道造影检查能提高手术成功率。     

Laparoscopic splenectomy for isolated parenchymal splenic metastasis of ovarian cancer

Metastatic carcinoma of the spleen occurs in a setting of widespread malignant disease. Solitary parenchymal splenic metastasis of ovarian carcinoma is rare. We report a case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with an elevated serum CA125 level due to a solitary splenic metastasis after a long disease-free period. She was treated with laparoscopic splenectomy followed by chemotherapy. The literature contains 16 cases of solitary parenchymal splenic metastasis of ovarian carcinoma. Our case is the third case that was treated with laparoscopic splenectomy. We review the literature, and we focus on the laparoscopic approach in managing these cases.     

腹腔镜治疗老年人急性胆囊炎的体会

目的探讨老年人急性胆囊炎的腹腔镜治疗特点。方法将我院2001年4月～2006年4月收治的164例LC老年病例分为早期组(85例,急性发作48h内)与延期组(79例,急性发作48h后)进行比较分析。同时,将老年人组(164例)与非老年人组(164例)进行比较分析。结果延期组较早期组LC手术时间和平均住院时间明显延长;老年人组较非老年人组LC手术时间延长,术中出血量及术后并发症明显增多。结论老年急性胆囊炎病人宜早期施行LC。老年女性常因妇科炎症且腹腔内粘连,使LC难度增加,术中、术后并发症的发生率增高。     

腹腔镜治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的体会

目的 探讨腹腔镜治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的手术指征、手术时机和手术技巧.方法 对265例急性结石性胆囊炎施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术.结果 239例成功,26例中转.结论 腹腔镜治疗急性结石性胆囊炎是安全可靠的手术方式.     

腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术的可行性及手术方法。方法行腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术15例,D1清扫3例,D2/D2 12例。全部病例均行毕Ⅱ式胃空肠吻合。结果15例成功进行腹腔镜手术。手术时间平均(218.6±31.6)min,术中出血量平均(132.4±21.3)ml,清扫淋巴结平均(33.4±13.6)个。肿瘤近端切缘(6.6±0.9)cm,远端切缘(5.4±0.6)cm,术后肛门排气时间平均(3.5±0.6)d,无手术死亡,无吻合口漏,术后并发肺部感染1例,经治疗后痊愈。术后随访1~10个月,无肿瘤复发或转移。结论腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术能达到与开腹胃癌标准根治术(D2)的淋巴结清扫范围及肿瘤切缘,且具有创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快等优点。     

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery – results from 200 patients

OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic surgery is increasingly being performed for benign and malignant colorectal disease. This study examines the short-term results in a consecutive series of laparoscopic colorectal procedures performed over 2 years. METHOD: A prospective database was established for all elective patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery by one surgeon. The main outcome measures assessed were operative duration, conversion rate, length of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality and lymph node harvest. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-one consecutive patients were referred for elective colorectal surgery, with 18 patients excluded from laparoscopic surgery. Thirteen patients had nonresective laparoscopic colorectal procedures for endometriosis and have been excluded from the series. Of 200 patients who underwent a laparoscopic colorectal procedure, 114 (57%) were female, the median age was 67 years (inter-quartile range (IQR) 57-76), and there were 116 malignancies. The most common operations were anterior resection and sigmoid colectomy (n = 82), right hemicolectomy (n = 62) and left hemicolectomy (n = 12). The median operating time was 120 min (IQR 90-150) and 10 patients (5%) required conversion to open surgery. The median lymph node harvest in malignancies was 21 nodes (IQR 15-30) and no positive resection margins were found. There were two deaths and 29 significant complications (14.5%), with seven patients requiring re-operations because of postoperative complications. The median postoperative hospital stay was 4 days (IQR 3-6) and 13 patients (6.5%) were re-admitted within 30 days of hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery is possible for most benign and malignant conditions, with low conversion and complication rates, as well as short hospital stay.