棉纺车间空气中可吸尘,内毒素浓度与工人呼吸道反应

本文对338名棉工进行了呼吸道反应调查.并测定了车间空气中粉尘浓度及内毒素浓度.发现前纺车间可吸尘浓度在O.18～1.62m g/m~3,内毒素浓度在94.91～2682.18ng/m~3,棉尘有关症状(包括棉尘病症状和不典型症状)和慢性支气管炎患病率均比对照组高,且与车间粉尘和内毒素浓度呈正相关.与5年前比较,可吸尘或内毒素累积接触量高的男、女工人FEV_1下降均较累积接触量低者明显。     

双层纸包装无菌棉签启封后细菌污染状况的研究

目的 了解启封后无菌棉签的污染状况。方法 对治疗室和处置室两组环境中的双层纸包装棉签于启封后即刻、１ｈ，２ｈ，４ｈ，８ｈ，１２ｈ，２４ｈ，３６ｈ，４８ｈ进行细菌监测，并对培养结果阳性和菌落进行常规鉴定。结果 无菌棉签在启封后１ｈ即被污染，且随着时间延长，抽取次数增多，污染程度逐渐加重。置于处置室的棉签比治疗室的污染程度严重。被污染的细菌种类均为院内感染的常见病原，表明院内感染很可能与使用被污染的无     

消化管唇状瘘外堵法的临床应用研究

目的 探讨消化管唇状瘘棉球外堵法的临床意义.方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究的方法,将2001年1月～2007年11月收治的消化管唇状瘘患者分为实验组(15例)和对照组(15例),对照组采用传统的瘘口持续引流、禁食或部分肠内营养加肠外营养支持处理方法,实验组采用瘘口棉球外堵法处理,控制外溢肠液,恢复正常进食及活动.比较两组患者一般临床资料、瘘口大小、流量、体重、白蛋白、确定性手术时间、术后并发症、住院天数、费用等.结果 实验组与对照组相比,瘘口缩小、流量减少、体重白蛋白上升、手术时间提前、术后并发症减少、住院时间缩短、费用减少等差异均有统计学意义.结论 消化管唇状瘘棉球外堵法安全有效,可显著缩短患者病程、减少费用及其痛苦、迅速改善其营养状况.     

绵羊棉籽饼中毒的临床诊治报告

新疆在全国来说是最大的生产棉花基地。又是畜牧业基地之一。棉花是主要的经济作物之一。其副产品棉籽饼和棉籽壳富含蛋白质和磷．是畜牧业中蛋白质的来源。但是棉籽饼中的有毒成分一棉酚制约着它的利用率。主要因农牧民单一饲喂未加工脱毒处理的棉籽饼和棉籽壳．因此不断的发生着畜禽的中毒。动物对棉酚的敏感性不一样．猪、禽、羔羊和犊牛对棉酚最敏感．其次是反刍家畜。本文中主要介绍在新疆某一地区绵羊棉籽饼中毒的发病过程、绵羊中出现的临床症状、诊断方法、治疗方法以及预防方面的内容。     

Experimental Wear Behavior Analysis of Coated Spindle Hook Teeth under Real Harvesting Work Conditions

This study aimed to investigate the wear failure changes of spindle hook teeth and the reasons for such failure during field work. Spindle samples were obtained from a fixed position of the spindle bar under different field picking area conditions and combined with the spatial distribution characteristics of cotton bolls in Xinjiang. After cutting a spindle sample, a scanning electron microscope and an energy spectrum analyzer were used to characterize the micromorphology and element composition of the hook tooth surface and cross section under different working area conditions. The wear parameters of the hook teeth were then extracted. The results showed that the thickness of the coating on the surface of the hook tooth used in this study was between 66.1 µm and 74.4 µm. The major chemical element was chromium, with a small amount of nickel. During the field picking process, failure of the coating on the surface of the hook teeth initially appeared on the tooth tip and tooth edge, and then spread to the entire hook tooth surface. The wear failure of the hook teeth resulted from abrasive wear, oxidative wear, and fatigue peeling. As the picking area increased, the wear area of the hook teeth increased exponentially, while the wear width increased linearly. When the field picking area reached 533.33 ha, the maximum change rate of the wear area was 2.33 × 10³ µm²/ha, and the wear width was 1.84 µm/ha. During field work, the thickness of the coating decreased from the cutting surface to the tooth edge, and the wear rate gradually increased. The wear rate at Position 1 was the slowest, at 0.01 µm/ha, and the wear rate at Position 5 was the fastest, at 0.25 µm/ha.     

极端干旱区棉花生育期变化特征及光热条件对其产量的影响

利用敦煌市1983—2012年棉花生育期农业气象观测资料,研究不同播种期棉花的生育天数的变化以及棉花在不同阶段生育天数、气温、光照条件的差异及其对棉花产量的影响;构建了产量与生育天数、日照时数和平均气温的回归方程。结果表明：播种日期的迟早主要影响播种出苗期和苗期的生育天数,播种越迟,这两个阶段的天数越短。各发育阶段天数的变化直接影响着棉花的品质与产量,其中蕾期天数与吐絮期天数相关较好,蕾期天数短,吐絮期天数长,利于棉花的生长发育。近30 a来,日平均和总日照时数均有所增加,气候倾向率分别为0.12 h·10a^-1和96.14 h·10a^-1;平均气温呈上升趋势,气候倾向率达0.29 ℃·10a^-1,近代气候光热条件的变化对喜热植物棉花是十分有利的。在不同生育阶段,棉花对光热条件的需求各异,如吐絮期的日照时数越多、气温越高,则越容易获得高产。根据早熟及抗病为主的品种对发育天数和光热条件的需求,结合当地气候,合理确定播种期,科学地利用气候因子对棉花各生育期的影响,是实现棉花高质高产的有效途径。     

碘酊棉球填塞法急诊治疗牙龈出血的效果评价

目的:评价碘酊棉球填塞法急诊治疗牙龈出血的疗效。方法 :应用饱和2.5%碘酊溶液的棉球,对108例牙龈出血的急诊病例,进行填塞和压迫止血,观察15～30min,评价止血效果。结果:15min控制出血72例,占66.67%;30min控制出血36例,占33.33%。有效率达100%。结论:碘酊棉球填塞法急诊治疗牙龈出血方法简便、疗效可靠、复发率低,是一种有效的急诊止血方法。     

不同消毒工具对气管切开伤口的影响

目的观察2种不同消毒工具对气管切开处伤口感染的影响。方法将50例行气管切开术的患者采用随机数字表法随机分为对照组与实验组各25例。实验组选用一种长20cm的无菌棉签对气管切开伤口进行消毒换药;对照组选用常规纱球对气管切开伤口进行消毒换药。观察两组患者气管切开伤口周围皮肤局部改变情况,计算伤口感染率。结果实验组患者气管切开伤口未发生感染,对照组患者气管切开伤口感染发生率为16．0％,组间比较差异具有统计学意义（x2=3．170,P〈0．05）。结论用灭菌的长棉签对气管切开伤口周围皮肤进行消毒换药可以降低伤口感染率,且便于护理人员操作,值得临床推广使用。     

Phosgene (chlorophenyl)hydrazones, strong sensitizers found in yellow sweaters bleached with sodium hypochlorite, defined as causative allergens for contact dermatitis by an experimental screening method in animals

12 young men developed allergic contact dermatitis from wearing yellow cotton sweaters. We attempted to identify the causative agents by an experimental screening method in animals. Guinea pigs were sensitized with an acetone extract of the sweater material, by means of the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT). Active ingredients were then separated from the extract, by step-by-step patch test screening of chromatographic fractions in the guinea pigs, and finally analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Although there were 2 allergens with important activity (1 in the fraction eluted from the silica gel column with hexane, and 1 in the methanol fraction), the present study is focussed on the fat-soluble allergens in the hexane fraction. GC-MS analysis revealed that 4 kinds of phosgene (chlorophenyl)hydrazones (PCPHs) were present in the hexane fraction. PCPHs prepared in our laboratory showed strong eliciting activities, not only in the guinea pigs sensitized with the extract, but also in a male volunteer sensitized by exposure to a yellow sweater during irritancy testing. Phosgene (2,5-dichlorophenyl)hydrazone, which was the main component among the PCPHs found in the sweater, sensitized guinea pigs even at the 1 ppm level. From these results, we conclude that PCPHs were one of the allergens responsible for the cases.