Blood histamine levels in cotton-dust exposed workers in a textile mill of Ahmedabad

Blood histamine levels were measured by the bioassay of histamine (on an isolated strip of guinea pig ileum) in workers exposed to cotton dust in a textile mill in Ahmedabad. Byssinotic subjects showed very high levels of blood histamine as compared to nonbyssinotic and control subjects. The blood histamine levels were not well correlated to the dust concentrations or duration of exposure but rather to the day of the week (ie, first, second, third, etc., after weekend break) on which the samples were collected. The blood histamine levels were high on the first day of the work week, when byssinotics complained most of their symptoms.     

青黛颗粒抗炎、镇痛作用的实验研究

目的 :通过对青黛颗粒抗炎、镇痛作用的实验研究 ,探讨该药治疗溃疡性结肠炎的作用机理。方法 :采用小鼠醋酸扭体法、大鼠棉球肉芽肿法和角叉菜胶所致大鼠足肿胀方法。结果 :青黛颗粒给药高、中、低剂量组和阳性对照药组均明显降低小鼠扭体次数 (P<0 .0 5～P<0 .0 1)。对大鼠棉球肉芽肿和大鼠足肿胀有显著的抑制作用 (P <0 .0 1～P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :青黛颗粒分别对大鼠具有抗炎、对小鼠具有镇痛作用。且镇痛作用呈量效关系     

棉尘及吸烟对肺功能影响的观察

对８３名接触棉尘的健康者作肺功能测定，并与３９名不接触棉尘的健康者对照。其中男性均为吸烟者；女性均为不吸烟者。结果表明，ＭＭＥＦ、ＰＥＦＲ、Ｖ２５％～７５％均明显低于对照组（分别为Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）．在男性吸烟组，ＶＣ，ＭＢＣ，ＦＥＶ１％也有明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），作者认为棉尘对人体的危害主要部位在小气道，吸烟者因损害严重可累及大气道。以往对棉尘反应的肺功能评估仅以ＦＥＶ１％为指标，不能反映早期的变化，有必要进一步完善。     

采用纱球进行口腔护理的效果观察

目的探寻有效的口腔护理方法,取得更好的清洁口腔及洁牙效果。方法随机对53例有口腔护理适应症、意识清醒的患者,用纱球或棉球分别作左或右侧牙齿及口腔粘膜的清洁护理,并按同一标准进行效果评价。结果53例患者,以纱球擦洗侧,效果好的为42例,一般为11例,差为0例。以棉球擦洗侧,效果好为13例,效果一般为40例,差为0例,两组效果比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论以纱球作口腔护理的清洁效果明显优于棉球的清洁效果。     

细辛油的抗炎作用

腹腔注射细辛油0.24 ml/kg对角叉菜胶引起的大鼠足肿胀有抑制作用。此作用在切除肾上腺的大鼠亦能看到。细辛油能降低炎症组织及其渗出液中组胺含量,对组胺或PGE₂引起的大鼠足肿胀有抑制作用,并能对抗组胺或PGE₂引起的毛细血管通透性增加,本品能抑制大鼠胸腔因注射角叉菜胶后引起的白细胞游走;对大鼠棉球肉芽肿有抑制作用,并使胸腺萎缩,还降低正常大鼠肾上腺内维生素C含量。     

冰冻棉棒涂擦刺激法用于脑卒中吞咽障碍早期护理的效果观察

目的：观察冰冻棉棒涂擦刺激法用于脑卒中吞咽障碍早期护理的效果。方法将86例脑卒中并发吞咽障碍患者，按住院号尾数分为观察组46例（单数）、对照组40例（双数），为两组患者制订详细的早期活动计划和方法。对照组进行常规训练护理30d，观察组患者在进行常规训练护理基础上结合咽部冷刺激30d，观察两组患者治疗前后吞咽障碍改变的程度，误吸的发生数及并发症发生率。结果观察组治疗前后的饮水试验结果、临床疗效均优于对照组。结论冰冻棉棒涂擦刺激法用于脑卒中吞咽障碍早期护理，能促进患者吞咽功能恢复，减少并发症发生。     

Multi-constituent synergism is responsible for anti-inflammatory effect of Azadirachta indica leaf extract

Context: Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceaes) leaves have been used traditionally to treat swelling and rheumatism in Indian cultures.

Objective: To fractionate A. indica leaf extracts using bioactivity guided manner for identification of the active anti-inflammatory principles.

Materials and methods: Polarity-gradient sequential extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water) of A. indica leaves were screened for their anti-inflammatory potential using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model (1?g/kg). The chloroform extract was sequentially fractionated to obtain n-hexane (F-1), n-hexane-chloroform (F-2), and chloroform (F-3) fractions and their inhibitory effect on rat paw edema was evaluated (500?mg/kg). Inhibitory effect of F-2 on granuloma formation, plasma interleukin (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) was assessed at the doses of 100, 200, and 400?mg/kg using the cotton pellet assay in rats. Three sub-fractions (SF-1, SF-2, and SF-3) were obtained upon chromatography of F-2, and their inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase was assessed at 200?µg/mL concentration. The sub-fractions were subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Results: All the extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory effect; however, chloroform extract was the most effective against paw edema (53.25% inhibition). The three fractions of chloroform extract showed significant effect, while F-2 being the most potent (51.02%). F-2 demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of granuloma and cytokines. Interestingly, all the sub-fractions of F-2 inhibited COX-1 and COX-2 with almost equal potential. GC-MS revealed that chemically the sub-fractions were totally different from each other.

Discussion and conclusion: Anti-inflammatory effect of A. indica is a result of cumulative and synergistic effects of diversified constituents with varying polarities that collectively exert the effect via suppression of cyclo-oxygenases and cytokines (IL-1 and TNF-α).     

聚氨酯凝胶体位垫联合自制棉纱垫预防胸科手术致急性压疮的效果观察

目的：观察聚氨酯凝胶体位垫联合自制棉纱垫预防胸外科侧卧位手术致急性压疮的效果。方法选取2012年9月－2013年9月在我院施行胸科侧卧位手术的122例患者为实验组，采用聚氨酯胶体位垫联合自制棉纱垫预防压疮，2011年8月－2012年8月施行胸科侧卧位手术的125例患者为对照组，常规采用聚氟酯凝胶体位垫预防压疮，比较两组对术中急性压疮的预防效果。结果实验组手术患者急性压疮的发生低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论聚氨酯凝胶体位垫联合自制棉纱垫能有效预防胸科侧卧位手术中急性压疮的发生。     

碘酊棉球填塞法急诊治疗牙龈出血的效果评价

目的:评价碘酊棉球填塞法急诊治疗牙龈出血的疗效。方法 :应用饱和2.5%碘酊溶液的棉球,对108例牙龈出血的急诊病例,进行填塞和压迫止血,观察15～30min,评价止血效果。结果:15min控制出血72例,占66.67%;30min控制出血36例,占33.33%。有效率达100%。结论:碘酊棉球填塞法急诊治疗牙龈出血方法简便、疗效可靠、复发率低,是一种有效的急诊止血方法。     

Measuring salivary cortisol in studies of child development: watch out--what goes in may not come out of saliva collection devices

Technical advances that enable the noninvasive measurement of biomarkers in saliva have spawned a generation of investigations that integrate biological variables into behavioral and developmental research. This study examines whether the collection of saliva, using common absorbent devices compromises the measurement of cortisol when saliva specimens have low sample volume. Within subjects (n = 20), saliva samples were prepared to experimentally represent a gradient of lower to higher sample volumes. One aliquot was immediately frozen (no treatment control) and the remaining aliquots were absorbed ("collected") using one of three collection techniques employed in studies of child development (e.g., braided cotton dental rope, Salivette cotton pledget, or hydrocellulose microsponge). The sample volume recovered from each device relative to the initial volume available to be absorbed, and cortisol level recovered from each device relative to the untreated-control condition were measured. Results reveal that for certain collection devices (1) the percent volume recovered is related to the initial volume available to be absorbed, (2) a substantial percentage of cortisol in saliva specimens can remain in absorbent material, and (3) the percent of cortisol recovered can be associated with the initial sample volume available to be absorbed. When research participants, such as young children, produce low volume saliva specimens, some absorbent devices may have the potential to introduce error variance in the measurement of salivary cortisol.