我国废旧轮胎再利用现状及政策建议

介绍了轮胎翻新、再生胶、胶粉等废旧轮胎再利用技术,重点对我国废旧轮胎再利用现状特点进行了分析,并针对现状以及存在的问题提出了适合我国国情的政策建议.     

透析器重复使用的临床评价

目的探讨透析器重复使用对患者的治疗费用、潜在风险及复用成本的影响。方法将178例血液透析患者按透析器使用次数分为单次使用组(n=94)和复用组(n=84),观察两组患者治疗费用、不良事件及透析器复用所需成本。结果单次使用组接受低通量血液透析(LFHD)8750例次和高通量血液透析(HFHD)653例次,费用分别为(565.46±4.82)元/次和(809.12±10.39)元/次,透析器复用组接受LFHD3840例次和HFHD4660例次,费用为(475.74±3.61)元/次和(529.57±10.55)元/次,两组均未见热原反应、透析器破膜和灭菌剂残余反应发生,未发现新增感染肝炎病例。采用全自动和半自动复用方式进行透析器复用,其复用时间和灭菌剂成本分别为(9.03±0.67)、(23.97±1.18)分钟/支和(9.20±0.14)、(2.01±0.23)元/支。结论复用组HFHD治疗费用明显低于单次使用组LFHD;而按规范进行透析器复用可有效避免风险发生。     

Reuse of Auxiliary Liver Grafts in Second Recipients With Chronic Liver Disease

We describe the first cases of reuse of auxiliary liver grafts for orthotopic transplantation in chronic liver disease. A reduced liver graft (segments 2, 3, half of 4) was first transplanted auxiliary for acute liver failure using a new technique. After regeneration of both native liver and graft, the auxiliary graft was removed and immunosuppression discontinued in the first recipients. After informed consent of donors and recipients, both auxiliary grafts were then orthotopically transplanted into second recipients. Both grafts function normally. Reuse of auxiliary grafts may help to reduce the shortage or liver grafts available for transplantation.     

不同透析膜对维持性血液透析患者B细胞活化的影响

目的　观察尿毒症患者反映B细胞活化的血清sCD2 3 浓度水平的变化及不同种类透析膜对维持性血液透析患者血清sCD2 3 水平的影响。方法　采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测尿毒症非透析患者 ,及使用不同种类透析膜透析器初用及复用 5次时分别观察透析过程中患者血清sCD2 3 水平的变化。结果　尿毒症血液透析患者透析前及尿毒症非透析患者血清sCD2 3 较正常对照组显著增高。血透过程中尿毒症血透患者血清sCD2 3 分子浓度水平规律性的变化。不同类型透析膜中 ,醋酸纤维素膜 (CA)对血清sCD2 3 的影响显著大于血仿膜 (HE)和聚砜膜 (PS) ;透析器复用对血透患者血清sCD2 3 水平无明显影响。结论　血透过程中血清sCD2 3 分子浓度水平规律性的变化 ,是导致机体免疫力下降的可能原因之一。HE膜和PS膜生物相容性优于CA膜 ,透析器复用可改善透析膜的生物相容性     

探针的纯化与否对基因芯片重复利用的影响

目的观察探针的纯度对基因芯片重复利用的影响。方法将探针分为未纯化、纯化两部分并分别与基因芯片杂交,扫描芯片后,用探针剥脱液洗涤芯片;同等条件成像后,进行下一轮杂交。结果未纯化的探针杂交结果背景高,阳性信号界限不清楚;经探针剥脱液洗涤后,仍留有较高强度的背景和原与靶基因片段杂交的阳性信号,即使洗脱4次后,仍有背景和阳性信号存在。纯化的探针杂交结果显示背景低,一般经2次探针剥脱液洗过后,可以完全去除信号并进行下一轮杂交。结论未纯化的探针与基因芯片杂交后,此芯片不能应用于下一轮的杂交;而纯化的探针杂交后,芯片可以再次利用。由此说明探针的纯化是基因芯片重复利用的前提条件。     

成肌细胞培养的重复肌块法

【目的】改进体外成肌细胞培养方法。【方法】取 2 0只小鼠分 4组 ,取股骨肌用肌块法进行成肌细胞原代培养 ,并重复利用肌块 6次。对培养的成肌细胞进行生长状态观察及免疫的组化鉴定。【结果】重复 6次使用肌块培养的成肌细胞生长、分化良好 ;一次差速贴壁纯化后 ,经免疫组化方法鉴定 ,96 %以上的细胞呈肌细胞特异抗体阳性反应。【结论】重复肌块法培养成肌细胞 ,省略了重复组织获取、消化等烦琐步骤 ,培养效率明显提高 ,并可获得高纯度的成肌细胞     

In Vitro Performance Characteristics of Reused Ablation Catheters

Background: Prior studies have found that there is a widespread practice of catheter reprocessing in cardiac electrophysiology laboratories. Effects of reprocessing of ablation catheters on temperature sensing and mechanical deflection are not fully known. Methods: Twenty-four new and used ablation catheters were studied. Deviation of temperature sensing by catheters from the temperature of a heated saline bath was measured. The angle of deflection of digitally scanned catheters at 75% and 100% handle deflection was also measured. New and used catheters were compared with respect to their temperature sensing accuracy and deflection characteristics. Results: Overall, there was 0.7 ± 0.1°C (mean ± standard error) deviation of the sensed temperature from the bath temperature, with no significant difference between new and used catheters. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the angle of deflection between new (66.7° ± 6.2° and 24.3° ± 6.8° at 75% and 100% deflections, respectively) and used (59.6° ± 5.6° and 28.7° ± 9.9° at 75% and 100% deflections, respectively) catheters. The difference in the angle of deflection between matched new and used catheters was 18.9° ± 4.2° and 10.9° ± 2.4° at 75% and 100% deflections, respectively, with a relatively broad range (5.0°–35.6° and 0.4°–19.0° at 75% and 100% deflections, respectively). Conclusions: This study found no significant overall difference in temperature sensing accuracy and deflection angle of new and used ablation catheters. Nevertheless, individual differences in deflection characteristics between new and used catheters are occasionally seen and warrant screening of reprocessed catheters prior to their reuse.     

Reused cyclodextrin as a new way to deliver and enhance drug loading onto ion exchange resin

Abstract

Context: Cyclodextrins could improve drug solubility and drug loading onto ion exchange resins. Moreover, the remaining cyclodextrin in the solution might be reused for drug solubility enhancement and drug loading onto resin.

Objectives: To investigate the application of fresh and reused cyclodextrin to improve drug solubility and drug loading onto resin.

Methods: The inclusion complexes were prepared and characterized using β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD). The drug solution was loaded onto resin with and without cyclodextrin. Then, the remaining cyclodextrin was reused for the complex and the drug loading process.

Results and discussion: Improved drug solubility was observed when using cyclodextrins. The complex was successfully formed with 1:1 stoichiometry. The increase in drug solubility with cyclodextrins improved drug loading onto resin. The cyclodextrins delivered drug to bind with resin, forming resinate, and did not bind with the resinate themselves, which was confirmed by quantification of the amount of cyclodextrin in drug loading solution before and after drug loading process. Therefore, cyclodextrins were available to reuse for drug loading without affecting the percentage of drug loading.

Conclusions: Reused cyclodextrin is a novel way to deliver and enhance drug loading onto resin for development of an ion exchange-based drug delivery system.     

Effect of Reuse on Dialyzer Efficacy

The effect of reuse on dialyzer efficacy was examined by measuring blood compartment volume and dialyzer mass transfer coefficient (maximum dialyzer clearance) as a function of dialyzer use number. The 102 polysulfone dialyzers tested (F60 and HF80, Fresenius) were reprocessed on Renatron machines using peroxyacetic acid as the dual cleansing and sterilizing agent. Each dialyzer was used an average of 14.4 +/- 5.7SD times and was tested once (twice for 13/102 dialyzers) during a routine dialysis session at an arbitrary use number (7.6 +/- 5.3; range 1 to 24). The parameters tested were found to decrease only marginally with reuse, corresponding to a blood compartment volume loss of approximately 1% (R = 0.04) over a 5-week/15-use period and a decrease in dialyzer mass transfer coefficient of approximately 3% (R = 0.07 and 0.06) over the same period for urea and creatinine, respectively. It was concluded that the loss in dialyzer efficacy is negligible over the average use period of almost 5 weeks per dialyzer.