大鼠原位膀胱癌模型的建立与CT诊断价值

本刊创刊于1981年,原名《上海实验动物科学》,为国内第一本实验动物科学期刊,2005年经主管部门批准更名为《实验动物与比较医学》,2008年由原来的季刊改为双月刊。经过近30年的发展,杂志为上海和全国的实验动物科学事业发挥了一定的积极作用,     

重型肝病原位肝移植术后肺部感染的防治

目的探讨原位肝移植(OLT)术后肺部感染的原因及预防、治疗方法。方法分析2003-03～2007-06在107医院及上海仁济医院接受OLT治疗的65例重型肝病患者中35例肺部感染患者的临床资料,探讨OLT术后肺部感染的原因及预防、治疗方法。结果痊愈28例,病死7例。病原菌分析:痰培养有细菌、真菌阳性结果者32例,其中革兰阴性杆菌占57.3%,革兰阳性球菌占28.5%,真菌感染占14.2%,巨细胞病毒感染3例。结论早期明确OLT术后肺部感染的原因并及时采取有效的预防和治疗措施,是OLT术后肺部感染防治的关键。     

改良背驮式肝移植的术式选择

目的 探讨背驮式肝移植手术的术式改良.方法 结合文献介绍之术式,对几种改良术式进行评价.结果 改良背驮式肝移植术式在病肝切除时间、肝流出道重建时间、无肝期及术中出血量等指标上,优于传统背驮式肝移植术;4种改良背驮式肝移植术式中,3种不保留肝静脉干的吻合术式优于保留肝静脉干的吻合术式.结论 供受体下腔静脉吻合的改良背驮式肝移植应为背驮式肝移植的首选术式.     

肝移植术后三种主要并发症患者的肝生化指标变化特点分析

目的探讨肝移植术后三种主要并发症患者的肝功能指标变化规律及其与临床病理表现的对应关系,了解其在肝移植术后并发症鉴别诊断中的意义。方法收集209例肝移植术后病理诊断为急性排斥反应（AR）、缺血再灌注损伤（IRI）及胆道狭窄（BDS）患者的临床资料,选取肝穿刺前5d和肝穿刺后3d期间共9个时段的血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GT）、直接胆红素（DBil）和总胆红素（TBil）5项肝功能指标检测结果,与病理诊断结果进行配对分析。结果IRI组的AST及γ-GT的波动幅度显著高于AR组（P〈0.05）,而ALT的波动幅度显著高于BDS组（P〈0.05）;BDS组的DBil及TBil波动幅度显著高于其他两组（P〈0.05）。结论原位肝移植术后患者的肝功能指标变化能反映AR、IRI和BDS等并发症的基本病理生理特点,将这些特点与肝穿刺病理检查相结合,有助于对AR、IRI和BDS的发生和发展进程以及治疗转归做出客观评估。     

Combined orthotopic heart transplantation followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in a patient with light chain amyloidosis and isolated cardiac involvement

We present a case of amyloidosis AL with isolated myocardial involvement. Because of a refractory heart failure picture, patient underwent orthotopic heart transplant (OHT). The replaced heart showed an important midwall infiltration. Ten months after he underwent autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) with a favorable outcome. The case demonstrates that OHT followed by ASCT in highly selected patients with light chain amyloidosis is a life-saving procedure.     

Nanostructured lipid carriers as multifunctional nanomedicine platform for pulmonary co-delivery of anticancer drugs and siRNA

We developed, synthesized, and tested a multifunctional nanostructured lipid nanocarrier-based system (NLCS) for efficient delivery of an anticancer drug and siRNA directly into the lungs by inhalation. The system contains: (1) nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC); (2) anticancer drug (doxorubicin or paclitaxel); (3) siRNA targeted to MRP1 mRNA as a suppressor of pump drug resistance; (4) siRNA targeted to BCL2 mRNA as a suppressor of nonpump cellular resistance and (5) a modified synthetic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) as a targeting moiety specific to the receptors that are overexpressed in the plasma membrane of lung cancer cells. The NLCS was tested in vitro using human lung cancer cells and in vivo utilizing mouse orthotopic model of human lung cancer. After inhalation, the proposed NLCS effectively delivered its payload into lung cancer cells leaving healthy lung tissues intact and also significantly decreasing the exposure of healthy organs when compared with intravenous injection. The NLCS showed enhanced antitumor activity when compared with intravenous treatment. The data obtained demonstrated high efficiency of proposed NLCS for tumor-targeted local delivery by inhalation of anticancer drugs and mixture of siRNAs specifically to lung cancer cells and, as a result, efficient suppression of tumor growth and prevention of adverse side effects on healthy organs.     

Induction of M2-macrophages by tumour cells and tumour growth promotion by M2-macrophages: A quid pro quo in pancreatic cancer

IntroductionMore effective therapies are required to improve survival of pancreatic cancer. Possible immunologic targets include tumour associated macrophages (TAMs), generally consisting of M1- and M2-macrophages. We have analysed the impact of TAMS on pancreatic cancer in a syngeneic orthotopic murine model.Methods6606PDA murine pancreatic cancer cells were orthotopically injected into C57BL6 mice. Tumour growth was monitored using MRI. Macrophages were depleted by clodronate liposomes. Tumours including microvessel density were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and/or cytometric beads assays. Naïve macrophages were generated employing peritoneal macrophages. In vitro experiments included culturing of macrophages in tumour supernatants as well as tumour cells cultured in macrophage supernatants using arginase as well as Griess assays.ResultsClodronate treatment depleted macrophages by 80% in livers (p = 0.0051) and by 60% in pancreatic tumours (p = 0.0169). MRI revealed tumour growth inhibition from 221.8 mm³ to 92.3 mm³ (p = 0.0216). Micro vessel densities were decreased by 44% (p = 0.0315). Yet, MCP-1-, IL-4- and IL-10-levels within pancreatic tumours were unchanged. 6606PDA culture supernatants led to a shift from naïve macrophages towards an M2-phenotype after a 36 h treatment (p < 0.0001), reducing M1-macrophages at the same time (p < 0.037). In vivo, M2-macrophages represented 85% of all TAMs (p < 0.0001). Finally, culture supernatants of M2-macrophages induced tumour growth in vitro by 63.2% (p = 0.0034).ConclusionsThis quid pro quo of tumour cells and M2-macrophages could serve as a new target for future immunotherapies that interrupt tumour promoting activities of TAMs and change the iNOS-arginase balance towards their tumoricidal capacities.     

Metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation: Short-term prevalence and pre- and post-operative risk factors

Background

The metabolic syndrome is a common condition among liver transplanted patients and contributes to morbidity and mortality by favouring the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Aims

This prospective study assessed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the first year after orthotopic liver transplantation, the associated pre-operative and post-operative risk factors and the influence of nutritional factors.

Methods

84 cirrhotic patients (75% male, mean age 53.9 ± 9.3 years) were evaluated at baseline and after liver transplantation. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to 2004 Adult Treatment Panel-III criteria. Nutritional habits were assessed using 3-day food records.

Results

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome before orthotopic liver transplantation was 14/84 (16.6%); at 3, 6 and 12 months post-orthotopic liver transplantation it was 27/84 (32.1%), 30/84 (35.7%), and 32/81 (39.5%), respectively. Diabetes, family history of diabetes, and excess body weight at baseline independently correlated with incidence of metabolic syndrome. After orthotopic liver transplantation, patients with metabolic syndrome showed a higher increase in the intake of total energy and saturated fats and a higher prevalence of complications, especially cardiovascular events, than subjects without metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion

Occurrence of metabolic syndrome is an early phenomenon after liver transplantation. Pre-operative and post-operative factors predispose patients to metabolic syndrome, which may be reduced by controlling modifiable risk factors, such as body weight and dietary intake.     

建立结肠癌SW480细胞原位移植瘤模型的实验研究

目的建立接近于临床表现的结肠癌动物模型,以便了解结肠癌生长及形态学变化。方法选SPF级Balb／c品系裸鼠,皮下接种SW480细胞,4周后取出瘤体,种植于裸鼠结肠系膜根部,建立结肠癌外科原位手术移植动物模型,4周后取出结肠原位肿瘤,应用病理学方法对结肠癌原位移植动物模型进行评价和鉴定。结果5只裸鼠皮下接种SW480细胞后4周,皮下成瘤3只;10只裸鼠结肠原位移植肿瘤,8只结肠成瘤,显微镜下可见肿瘤浸润肠壁。结论实验成功建立了结肠癌SW480细胞动物结肠原位移植瘤模型,为结肠癌相关实验提供临床研究动物模型。     

卵巢肿瘤原位移植动物模型的建立及其应用研究

介绍卵巢恶性肿瘤研究中原位移植动物模型的可行性分析,肿瘤的生长规律及转移特性,肿瘤模型的建立及其应用研究。