自制离心泵在猪原位肝移植术体外静脉转流中的应用

目的 比较观察自制简易离心泵和进口离心泵在猪原位肝移植术体外静脉转流中的应用。方法28头猪原位肝移植手术,根据体外静脉转流时采用离心泵的不同将受体猪分两组,A组采用进口离心泵,B组采用自制离心泵。观察无肝前期。无肝期开始时,无肝期开始后5,30min和新肝开放后30min等5个时点的静脉引流情况和血流动力学变化。结果 两组无肝期静脉引流均较充分,表现为无肝期间肠管颜色红润;转流中尿量足;两组各时点血流动力学无明显差异。结论 该院自制的离心泵用于猪原位肝移植实验无肝期的体外静脉转流,血液引流充分,能基本替代进口离心泵用于动物实验。     

原位肝移植术后胆道并发症的预防和治疗(附43例肝移植报告)

目的：探讨原位肝移植术后胆道并发症的防治。方法：回顾性分析2001年10月至2003年3月的43例原位肝移植的临床资料。结果：本组43例行原位肝移植术的病人中，6例发生了胆道并发症，发生率为13．95％；计胆道狭窄3例，拔T管时胆漏2例，胆总管漏1例。前25例用UW液冲洗胆道，有5例发生胆道并发症．发生率为20．00％．后18例先用林格液彻底冲洗胆道，再用UW液灌注保存，仅1例发生胆道并发症，发生率为5．56％。留置T管的18例病人中3例发生胆道并发症，未放T管的25例中也有3例发生胆道并发症，发生率分别为16．67％和12．00％。6例胆道并发症病人中仅1例实施再次手术，1例死于严重的肺部感染，其余经PTCD充分引流、放射介入和(或)内镜气囊扩张并放置支架等治疗，均取得了满意疗效。结论：在切取供体早期用林格液彻底冲洗胆道系统，是降低胆道并发症的一种有效方法；是否放置T管取决于胆道两端口径的匹配情况和手术医生吻合技术的熟练程度，T管至少宜放置4个月；而胆道并发症的治疗大多可经非手术治愈。     

选择性消化道去污联合谷氨酰胺预防兔背驮式肝移植肠道细菌易位

目的观察选择性消化道去污(SDD)联合谷氨酰胺(Gln)对兔原位背驮式肝移植肠道细菌易位及术后肺部感染的预防作用。方法建立兔原位背驮式肝移植模型30例,受体兔被随机均分为SDD组、SDD Gln组及对照组。SDD组给予含妥布霉素、多黏菌素E及制霉菌素的乳剂处理;SDD Gln组在SDD的基础上加以Gln;对照组仅建立移植模型。各组分时段抽取门静脉血,获取回肠组织标本及术后肺组织标本,观察回肠组织病理变化、门静脉血细菌易位及术后肺部感染情况。结果门静脉阻断15、30、45min及术后30h SDD Gln组回肠壁毛细血管混合切面面积均小于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)和SDD组(P<0.05)。门静脉阻断前SDD Gln组回肠绒毛长度较对照组(P<0.05)和SDD组(P<0.05)长,在门静脉阻断45min时段对照组超过SDD Gln组(P<0.05)和SDD组(P<0.05),术后又回返至术前状态(P<0.05,P<0.01)。门静脉阻断45min和术后30h时段SDD Gln组及SDD组门静脉血细菌培养阳性者少于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。SDD Gln组及SDD组术后肺部感染者也少于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论Gln对肠黏膜上皮细胞具有较强的营养作用,与SDD联用可以有效地降低门静脉阻断期间及术后肠道细菌易位及术后肺部感染的发生。     

腰椎融合术治疗原位复发性腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨原位复发性腰椎间盘突出症再次手术的原因、手术方法及疗效。方法我院自2000年6月～2005年11月共收治17例原位复发性腰椎间盘突出症患者均采取椎板扩大开窗、椎间颗粒植骨融合、椎弓根钉内固定术,术后随访1～5年（平均19.7月）,进行回顾性分析。结果椎间植骨融合率为94.1%;按Macnab疗效评定标准,优良率为88.2%。结论原位复发性腰椎间盘突出症的主要原因是髓核组织摘除不彻底,神经根粘连,并伴随不同程度的椎管狭窄和腰椎不稳。明确诊断、严格掌握手术指征、认真细致地进行手术操作,可减少或避免手术并发症,取得优良的疗效。     

Wilson''''s病患者亲体部分肝移植和全肝移植术后血清铜蓝蛋白及尿铜水平的变化

目的　总结Wilson’s病患者亲体肝移植和全肝移植术后血清铜蓝蛋白及尿铜水平的恢复情况。方法　自 2 0 0 0年 9月至 2 0 0 3年 11月我院为 2 6例Wilson’s病患者施行了肝移植术 ,均并发终末期肝硬变 ,其中 3例发生急性肝功能衰竭。术前血清铜蓝蛋白和尿铜水平分别为 (12 4 .8± 2 2 .8)mg/L和 (15 2 4 .8± 32 8.6 ) μg/ 2 4h ,其中行活体部分肝移植 2 2例 ,全肝移植 4例 ,亲体肝移植供体术前血清铜蓝蛋白水平为 (2 30 .4± 2 9.6 )mg/L ,尿铜水平均 <5 0μg/ 2 4h。结果　所有患者手术顺利 ,全肝移植患者术后 1、3、6及 12个月血清铜蓝蛋白和尿铜水平分别为 (32 0 .2±36 .8)mg/L、(380 .4± 4 5 .6 )mg/L、(36 0 .5± 37.6 )mg/L、(35 6 .2± 2 7.6 )mg/L和 (2 4 0 .4± 2 2 .8) μg/ 2 4h、(86 .5± 10 .6 ) μg/ 2 4h、(5 4 .2± 6 .8) μg/ 2 4h及 (46 .8± 3.4 ) μg/ 2 4h ;亲体肝移植患者术后 1、3、6及 12个月血清铜蓝蛋白和尿铜水平分别为 (2 16 .8± 2 0 .4 )mg/L、(2 4 8.5± 32 .6 )mg/L、(2 85 .4± 4 4 .3)mg/L、(2 6 0 .2± 36 .6 )mg/L和(380 .8± 37.6 ) μg/ 2 4h、(15 0 .6± 2 4 .5 ) μg/ 2 4h、(75 .5± 9.6 ) μg/ 2 4h及 (6 0 .3± 5 .8) μg/ 2 4h。结论　全肝移植和亲体肝     

The second generation of Carolina Rinse,solution II,improves graft survival following orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat by preventing reperfusion injury

Carolina Rinse solution was designed to minimize reperfusion injury following orthotopic liver transplantation. Carolina Rinse blocks reperfusion-induced endothelial cell killing, diminishes postoperative enzyme release and improves survival dramatically. Adenosine and mildly acidotic pH were identified as key components. Here we report results with a simplified formulation, Carolina Rinse H, which contains extracellular inorganic ions similar to Ringer's solution, adenosine, as well as antioxidants and radical scavengers (allopurinol, glutathione and desferrioxamine). In this study, 44 rat livers were explanted and stored for 12 h in University of Wisconsin (UW) cold storage solution (non-survival conditions). Control livers were rinsed with 15 ml cold Ringer's solution just prior to completion of implantation surgery. In this control group, average 30-day survival was poor (8%). However, survival was increased to around 60% when grafts were rinsed with Carolina Rinse II. Survival was not improved significantly by rinsing the graft with Ringer's solution containing antioxidants and radical scavengers with adenosine omitted (about 30%). Peak SGOT values of nearly 3000 U/l, measured 1–3 days postoperatively in the Ringer's rinse control group, were decreased 4- to 5-fold both by Carolina Rinse II and by Ringer's solution containing antioxidants. On the other hand, the addition of adenosine to Ringer's solution improved survival (around 60%) but did not decrease the postoperative elevation of serum enzymes significantly. Thus, it appears that adenosine was necessary for optimal survival whereas antioxidants and radical scavengers were needed to prevent injury to the transplanted graft. These data were consistent with the hypothesis that at least two mechanisms, one involving the liver and a second one non-hepatic, are responsible for post-transplant patho-physiology. Carolina Rinse II also reduced the postoperative elevation in serum enzymes 2- to 3-fold in livers stored under survival conditions (e. g., for 8 h in UW solution). This study demonstrated convincingly that a very simple rinse solution, Carolina Rinse II, improved survival significantly and minimized graft injury following orthotopic liver transplantation.     

Preoperative prostaglandin El treatment to prevent right ventricular failure after orthotopic heart transplantation

Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) are high risk factors for early graft failure in orthotopic heart transplantation (oHTx). The need for an oversized donor in patients with elevated PVR aggravates the shortage of suitable donor organs. To decrease the elevated PVR to values suitable for orthotopic heart transplantation prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was administered in 11 patients (11 male, mean age 49.2 years, mean dosage 35 ng/kg per min over 6–8 days). Ten days after the discontinuation of the PGE1 therapy, recatheterization was done. All haemodynamic data were determined by right heart catheterization using a Swan Ganz catheter and thermodilution technique before, and 10 days after, PGE1 treatment. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used for statistics. PVR significantly decreased in all patients (5.5 to 2.8 Wood units, P < 0.005). All patients were considered to be suitable for oHTX and put on the waiting list. At the time of writing, in eight of these patients (eight male, mean age 49.6 years; four ischemic, four dilatative CMP) oHTX had been successfully performed. No right ventricular failure occurred in the postoperative phase. These results sugest that long-term moderation of elevated PVR by PGE1 therapy weeks or months before transplantation enables oHTX in patients with elevated PVR.     

人胃癌裸鼠体内原位移植生长过程的动态观察

目的 :建立与临床胃癌的生长过程和特点相似实验动物模型。　 方法 :以 SGC- 790 1人胃癌细胞株裸鼠皮下移植瘤为材料 ,将瘤组织块种植到裸鼠胃壁 ,动态观察生长过程。　 结果 :原位移植模型潜伏期 2～ 4周 ,第 4周以后原位肿瘤明显长出 ,第 12周以后出现肝转移 ,第 16周以后部分荷瘤鼠发生腹水 ,幽门梗阻 ,动物逐渐衰竭 ,出现恶病质等征象。　 结论 :原位肿瘤模型与临床胃癌的生长过程和生物学特性非常相似 ,可作为胃癌实验研究的理想动物模型     

Comparison of the effects of adriamycin and methotrexate on orthotopic and induced heterotopic bone in rats

The effect of the two antineoplastic drugs, Adriamycin and methotrexate, on orthotopic bone, and on the induction of experimental heterotopic bone in rats was analyzed. The drugs were administered as single injections: Adriamycin in s.c. doses of 0.5 and 2 mg/kg body weight and methotrexate i.v. 100 and 250 mg/kg body weight followed by leucovorin rescue after 2 h. A passing, but significant, decrease in body weights occurred in the methotrexate-treated animals, but not in those given Adriamycin. Analysis of the amount of heterotopic bone formed 4 weeks after induction by demineralized bone matrix revealed a 30-40% decrease in the groups treated with either of the antineoplastic agents, whereas orthotopic bone was unaffected. Six weeks after the treatment the net effect on the induced bone had decreased. The present study shows that the two antineoplastic drugs Adriamycin and methotrexate inhibit heterotopic new bone formation induced by demineralized bone matrix in rats to an equal extent, although their mode of action on the cellular level is entirely different, and that the inhibitory effect of a single treatment diminishes in the presence of a continuous inductive process.