快速康复外科理念在食道癌患者围术期护理的应用与进展

【】食道癌根治术是胸外科常见的大手术之一,其手术创伤大,恢复较慢,术后容易产生各种并发症,近年来将快速康复外科理念引入食道癌患者围术期的护理,本文对其相关文献资料进行综合分析,发现将快速康复外科理念应用于食道癌围术期,控制了围手术期的病理生理学反应、减少并发症发生、促进患者康复、缩短住院时间、减少住院费用、提供了更好且更有效的医疗服务、提高了患者的满意度。     

复杂中足损伤的临床治疗

Objective To evaluate the features and key points of clinical treatment of the complex midfoot injury retrospectively.Methods Twenty-two cases of complex midfoot injury were admitted to our hospital from June 2003 to June 2008, including 8 cases of open fracture and 5 cases of complicated soft tissue defects.Thirteen were emergency cases and the other 9 chronic ones were referred from other hospitals.In the emergency cases, only 1 underwent arthrodesis of the navicular and middle and lateral cuneiform and the others had reduction and internal fixation.In the referred cases, 2 received talar-navicular arthrodesis, 3 Lisfranc arthrndesis (accompanied by distal hallux amputation in 1), 1 navicular-cuneiform arthrudesis and 1 Chopart arthrndesis, 1 medial column amputation and 1 lateral column reconstruction.In the cases of soft tissue defects, 4 underwent free serratus anterior transfer, and 1 had transfer of distally-based sural fas-eio-cutaneous flap.The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring was used to evaluate the results.Results All the patients were followed up for 5 to 44 (average, 17.5) months.The main sequelae of the emergency cases were pain after long time waking, which was relieved following local injection of steroid and NIADs in 2 cases.Of the referred cases, pain and fatigue after walking were reported in 2, callus and pain under the 4th and 5th metatarsal heads in 2, and the whole foot rigidity and atrophy of the intrinsic muscle with severe pain while walking in 1.The case of medial column amputation developed medial arch collapse and valgus of hind foot.The mean AOFAS score for the emergency cases was 80.3± 8.7 and for the chronic ones was 60.1±16.3.Conclusion For complex midfoot injury, good results can only be obtained by early operation, anatomic reduction and stable fixation on the basis of enough understanding of the functional anatomy and traumatic pathology.     

筋膜反转法和直接吻合法修复急性跟腱断裂的比较研究

目的 回顾性比较筋膜反转法与直接吻合法修复急性跟腱断裂的优缺点.方法 2001年1月至2005年10月收治且获得随访73例急性跟腱断裂患者,采用筋膜反转法治疗,为筋膜反转组,男54例,女19例;平均(47.6±11.2)岁;受伤至手术时间平均为(6.2±4.2)d.2005年11月至2009年5月收治且获得随访82例急性跟腱断裂患者,采用直接吻合法治疗,为直接吻合组,男65例,女17例;平均(43.7±8.4)岁;受伤至手术时间平均为(7.1±5.3)d.记录两组患者的术后伤口愈合时间、踝关节活动度、单足提踵试验结果及患者的满意度,并采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝与后足评分系统评价术后疗效. 结果 155例患者术后获13～114个月(平均63.5个月)随访.筋膜反转组和直接吻合组的跟腱二次断裂率分别为4.1%(3/73)、2.4%(2/82),单足提踵试验阳性率分别为13.7%(10/73)、8.5%(7/82),背伸小于对侧足50%的阳性率分别为23.3%(17/73)、18.3%(15/82),跖屈小于对侧50%的阳性率分别为12.3%(9/73)和6.1%(5/82),满意率分别为82.2%(60/73)、80.5%(66/82),AOFAS踝与后足评分平均分别为(97.2±9.4)分和(94.3±12.1)分,以上指标两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者伤口延迟愈合率分别为15.1%(11/73)、3.7%(3/82),差异有统计学意义(t=6.119,P=0.013).结论 筋膜反转加强跟腱修补并不能减少跟腱的再次断裂,却有可能导致伤口的延迟愈合.     

肺癌术后病人化疗期间的心理会诊

肺癌是当今世界上对人类健康与生命危害最大的恶性肿瘤之一,其治疗需要采取多种方法,包括外科手术、化疗、放疗、生物治疗与中医治疗等[1,2].目前,化疗在肺癌治疗中起着重要作用,其不良反应较严重,治疗周期相对较长,经济费用较高,给病人带来了严重的心理问题,影响着病人的身心健康;同时肺癌复发已导致病人复杂的心理问题,且负面情绪更加突出.因此,根据肺癌术后病人化疗的生理、心理特点给予周到细致的心理舒缓和相关介入是医务人员必须关注的[3-5].     

复杂中足损伤的临床治疗

Objective To evaluate the features and key points of clinical treatment of the complex midfoot injury retrospectively.Methods Twenty-two cases of complex midfoot injury were admitted to our hospital from June 2003 to June 2008, including 8 cases of open fracture and 5 cases of complicated soft tissue defects.Thirteen were emergency cases and the other 9 chronic ones were referred from other hospitals.In the emergency cases, only 1 underwent arthrodesis of the navicular and middle and lateral cuneiform and the others had reduction and internal fixation.In the referred cases, 2 received talar-navicular arthrodesis, 3 Lisfranc arthrndesis (accompanied by distal hallux amputation in 1), 1 navicular-cuneiform arthrudesis and 1 Chopart arthrndesis, 1 medial column amputation and 1 lateral column reconstruction.In the cases of soft tissue defects, 4 underwent free serratus anterior transfer, and 1 had transfer of distally-based sural fas-eio-cutaneous flap.The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring was used to evaluate the results.Results All the patients were followed up for 5 to 44 (average, 17.5) months.The main sequelae of the emergency cases were pain after long time waking, which was relieved following local injection of steroid and NIADs in 2 cases.Of the referred cases, pain and fatigue after walking were reported in 2, callus and pain under the 4th and 5th metatarsal heads in 2, and the whole foot rigidity and atrophy of the intrinsic muscle with severe pain while walking in 1.The case of medial column amputation developed medial arch collapse and valgus of hind foot.The mean AOFAS score for the emergency cases was 80.3± 8.7 and for the chronic ones was 60.1±16.3.Conclusion For complex midfoot injury, good results can only be obtained by early operation, anatomic reduction and stable fixation on the basis of enough understanding of the functional anatomy and traumatic pathology.     

浅议地方医学院校物理教学的现状及改革

阐述当前医学院校特别是地方性院校医学物理教学的现状,并提出了改革的措施。     

慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗

目的 回顾慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗,对其结果进行分析和评价.方法 74例患者,其中男43例,女31例;年龄15～63岁,平均39岁.患者至少有半年以上的病史,有两次以上的反复扭伤史.所有患者均行6周以上的保守治疗.41例患者行手术治疗,改良的Brostrom术12例,Myerson法8例,Chrisman-Snook法21例.对其他并发的病理问题需同时处:其中腓骨肌腱滑脱加固术6例,跟腱挛缩延长术9例,跟内翻截骨外移术8例,距骨骨软骨损伤清理打孔13例.结果 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.结论 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.     

游离前锯肌肌瓣移植在骨科的临床应用

前锯肌肌瓣具有较多优良特性,为修复重建软组织缺损的理想材料,尤其适用于对肢体远端软组织缺损造成的骨和肌腱外露的修复重建以及慢性骨髓炎的处理,其在国外已得到广泛应用,然而在国内的应用鲜有报道.文章对前锯肌的解剖特点、游离前锯肌肌瓣移植的临床应用及注意事项等作一综述.     

慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗

目的 回顾慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗,对其结果进行分析和评价.方法 74例患者,其中男43例,女31例;年龄15～63岁,平均39岁.患者至少有半年以上的病史,有两次以上的反复扭伤史.所有患者均行6周以上的保守治疗.41例患者行手术治疗,改良的Brostrom术12例,Myerson法8例,Chrisman-Snook法21例.对其他并发的病理问题需同时处:其中腓骨肌腱滑脱加固术6例,跟腱挛缩延长术9例,跟内翻截骨外移术8例,距骨骨软骨损伤清理打孔13例.结果 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.结论 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.     

慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗

目的 回顾慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗,对其结果进行分析和评价.方法 74例患者,其中男43例,女31例;年龄15～63岁,平均39岁.患者至少有半年以上的病史,有两次以上的反复扭伤史.所有患者均行6周以上的保守治疗.41例患者行手术治疗,改良的Brostrom术12例,Myerson法8例,Chrisman-Snook法21例.对其他并发的病理问题需同时处:其中腓骨肌腱滑脱加固术6例,跟腱挛缩延长术9例,跟内翻截骨外移术8例,距骨骨软骨损伤清理打孔13例.结果 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.结论 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.