Protective effects of simultaneous splenectomy on small‐for‐size liver graft injury in rat liver transplantation

Splenectomy is an effective technique in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) with small‐for‐size (SFS) liver grafts for overcoming SFS liver graft injury. However, the protective mechanism of splenectomy is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate how splenectomy could attenuate SFS graft injury through the measurement of biochemical factors, particularly the expression of endothelin (ET)‐1, which is a key molecule of microcirculatory disorders by mediating sinusoidal vasoconstriction. We performed rat orthotopic liver transplantation using SFS liver grafts with or without splenectomy. We investigated intragraft expression of ET‐1 mRNA and hepatic protein levels of ET‐1. In addition, portal pressure, hepatic injury and morphological changes, and survival rate were evaluated. In result, intragraft ET‐1 mRNA expression after SFS liver transplantation was significantly downregulated by splenectomy, and hepatic expression of ET‐1 in SFS grafts was rarely observed. Splenectomy inhibited the increase in portal pressure, ameliorated SFS liver graft injury and improved the graft survival rate after SFS liver transplantation. In conclusion, splenectomy improved the SFS liver injury and decreased the expression of ET‐1 by attenuating portal hypertension on SFS liver transplantation. Downregulation of intragraft ET‐1 expression plays important roles in the protective mechanism of splenectomy in SFS liver transplantation.     

宣降肺气方治疗慢性肺源性心脏病急性发作期临床研究

目的 :探讨宣降肺气方结合西药对慢性肺源性心脏病 (肺心病 )急性发作期的疗效。方法 :6 2例肺心病急性发作期患者随机分为两组 ,各 31例 ,治疗组在常规西药治疗基础上加服宣降肺气方 ,对照组单用常规西药治疗。治疗后 10 d测定两组患者血浆内皮素 1(ET 1)水平及血气分析等指标 ,并进行临床疗效分析。结果 :治疗组显效率为 6 7.74 % ,明显高于对照组的 4 1.94 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ;两组治疗后的 ET 1水平、氧分压、二氧化碳分压均较治疗前明显改善 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ,但治疗组更优于对照组 (P均 <0 .0 5 )。结论 :在常规治疗基础上加用宣降肺气方治疗肺心病急性发作期 ,可明显提高疗效。     

新生儿窒息时血浆内皮素—1的变化及临床意义

目的：探讨血浆内皮素１（ＥＴ１）与新生儿窒息及窒息后脑损伤的关系。方法：用放射免疫法测定２０例正常足月新生儿和５３例足月窒息新生儿血浆ＥＴ１浓度，并观察其动态变化（生后２４小时内、第３日和第７日）。结果：患儿生后３日内重度窒息组血浆ＥＴ１浓度显著高于对照组和轻度组（Ｐ均＜０．０１），且轻度组高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；第７日窒息组ＥＴ１浓度逐渐下降，轻度组与对照组无显著差异，但重度组仍高于对照组和轻度组（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。生后２４小时内ＥＴ１浓度最高的５例患儿４例死亡，第７日ＥＴ１浓度高于正常值上限的１４例中５例３个月后头颅ＣＴ显示有脑萎缩。结论：ＥＴ１水平与新生儿窒息程度呈正相关；ＥＴ１在２４小时内显著升高及第７日持续不降者预后不良。     

急性心肌梗死患者血清Leptin增高与其他相关因素的分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）和冠状动脉硬化（CS）患者血清瘦素（Leptin）的变化及与C反应蛋白（CRP）、肌钙蛋白T（TnT）、内皮素（ET）的相关性。方法收集临床确诊的AMI和Cs患者血清，采用高灵敏的Leptin及ET放射免疫分析法、TnT的自动生化分析法及高灵敏的CRP酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定相应指标的血清水平。结果AMI组患者血清Leptin、TnT、CRP和ET水平均较正常对照组显著增高（P均〈0．01）；而CS组患者除TnT外，其他3种因子血清水平也明显高于正常对照组（P均〈0．01）；相关分析显示，上述增高因素互不相关，均为独立的影响因素之一，AMI组和CS组间仅TnT显示出差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论AMI和CS组患者血清Leptin水平均明显上升，但两组间差异无显著性；两组患者血清Leptin水平与CRP、TnT以及ET水平不存在相关性。     

Baicalin Alleviates Nitroglycerin‐induced Migraine in Rats via the Trigeminovascular System

Migraine is a common neurological disorder with a serious impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of baicalin on nitroglycerin‐induced migraine rats. We carried out a behavioral research within 2 h post‐nitroglycerin injection, and blood samples were drawn for measurements of nitric oxide (NO), calcitonin gene‐related peptide, and endothelin (ET) levels. Immunohistochemistry was adopted to detect the activation of C‐fos immunoreactive neurons in periaqueductal gray. The number, area size, and integrated optical density of C‐fos positive cells were measured using Image‐Pro Plus. As a result, baicalin administration (0.22 mm/kg) alleviated pain responses of migraine rats. It profoundly decreased NO and calcitonin gene‐related peptide levels, increased ET levels, and rebuilt the NO/ET balance in migraine rats. Besides, baicalin pretreatment significantly reduced the number, the stained area size, and integrated optical density value of C‐fos positive cells. In brief, this paper supports the possibility of baicalin as a potential migraine pharmacotherapy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

内皮素与P-选择素在冠心病中的意义

目的研究内皮素 (endothelin 1,ET 1)、P 选择素和肌钙蛋白I(CTnI)在急性心肌梗死 (acutemyocardialinfarction ,AMI)和不稳定性心绞痛 (unstableangina ,UA)中的意义。 方法用放射免疫法测定ET 1,流式细胞仪测定P 选择素 ,Access化学发光法测定CTnI ,共检测 2 3例AMI患者 ,2 1例UA患者及 2 8例健康对照者。结果AMI组的ET 1、P 选择素和CTnI值均明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5— 0 .0 1) ;UA组的ET 1、P 选择素高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;UA组的CTnI与对照组无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;UA组的P 选择素、CTnI低于AMI组 (P <0 .0 5 )。多元回归分析发现P 选择素与CTnI相关 ,相关系数r =0 .40 4,(P <0 .0 1)。结论ET 1、P 选择素是检测血栓前状态的敏感指标。     

急性脑缺血时内皮素和血小板膜糖蛋白的变化

采用Ｐｕｌｓｉｎｅｌｉ方法对兔脑缺血再灌注模型进行实验，用放免方法测定血管内皮素（ＥＴ）及血小板膜糖蛋白（ＧＭＰ１４０）变化。结果：缺血组实验前ＥＴ平均值为４７．１７ｎｇ／Ｌ，实验后１小时增高至９４．２０ｎｇ／Ｌ，１小时后呈持续性增高（１４９．３８～１４９．４２ｎｇ／Ｌ），与对照组比较有显著性差异（Ｐ分别＜０．０５和０．０１）；缺血组ＧＭＰ１４０实验前平均值为５５．６ｎｇ／Ｌ，实验后４小时增高至１３１．３ｎｇ／Ｌ以后逐渐下降，至２４小时时下降明显，与对照组比较亦有显著差异；ＥＴ与ＧＭＰ１４０的变化呈直线正相关（ｒ＝０．９９７６，Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明：ＥＴ的双峰变化与缺血再灌注时的血管内皮、神经组织受损有关；ＧＭＰ１４０的增高有一定的时间性。作者认为两者间的相互作用是通过血管内皮细胞血小板粒细胞的激活环路完成的。具体机制尚待探讨     

肾移植术后病人硬膜外自控镇痛对血浆一氧化氮、内皮素水平及其平衡的影响

目的研究肾移植术后病人硬膜外自控镇痛对血一氧化氮（Nitric Oxide，NO），内皮素（Eadothdin，ET）水平及其平衡的影响。方法选择ASAⅢ级在硬膜外麻醉下行肾移植手术后病人40例，随机分为硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）组（P组／n=20）和对照组（C组 n=20），术后根据需要间断肌注盐酸派替啶镇痛。两组病人分别于麻醉前、手术后24h、48h和72h采取外周静脉血，测定血浆N0和ET-1，同时监测MAP、HR和CVP及进行VAS评分。结果P组术后各时点血浆NO、ET-1水平及NO／ET-1比值于麻醉前比较差异无显著，血流动力学稳定，VAS评分均小于3分。C组术后各时点血浆NO水平与麻醉前比较差异无显著，而ET-1均显著增高（P＜0．05或P＜0．01），NO／ET-1比值则明显降低（P＜0．05），并与P组相比差异有显著性（P＜0．05或P＜0，01）。术后24、48hMAP和HR的升高或增快，VAS评分也均大于5分，与麻醉前和C组比较差异显著（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。结论肾移植术后病人硬膜外自控镇痛对血浆NO和ET-1均无明显影响，并保持NO／ET-1比值平衡及血流动力学稳定，有利于移植肾功能的恢复。