吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂经肝动脉化疗栓塞防治肝癌术后复发

目的:探讨吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂经肝动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)在防治肝癌高危患者术后复发中的价值.方法:回顾性分析肝癌术后复发高危患者120例,88例术后3-6wk接受TACE治疗为TACE组,其中43例采用吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂组成的GEMOX方案(GEMOX组),45例使用传统化疗药物方案(对照组);32例因其他原因未接受TACE治疗作为为单纯手术组.通过6mo、12mo的随访,比较各组6mo、12mo术后复发率.结果:TACE组术后6mo、12mo肝内复发率(20.5%、43.8%)明显低于单纯手术组(37.5%、59.4%),两者均有统计学意义(χ2=6.512、4.573,P<0.05).在TACE组中,GEMOX组6mo术后复发率(11.6%)较对照组(28.9%)低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.026,P<0.05),两组12mo术后复发率无明显差异(χ2=0.876,P>0.05);在TACE不良反应中,GEMOX组白细胞减少及恶心、呕吐发生率较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.156、-2.295,P<0.05).结论:对肝癌术后复发高危患者进行预防性TACE有助于减少或延缓术后近期复发率,吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂方案疗效更佳.     

原发性肝癌合并胆道出血致急性胰腺炎1例

原发性肝癌可继发多种并发症,其中胆管癌栓临床上较少见,胆道出血及急性胰腺炎比较罕见.因此,通过报道该例患者的诊治经过,阐述原发性肝癌并胆管癌栓及其相关并发症的诊治进展.本研究认为内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)技术对于原发性肝癌合并胆管癌栓致胆道出血、急性胰腺炎患者的早期诊治具有重要价值,对于无法耐受手术的患者可结合肝动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoem-bolization,TACE)治疗有效控制癌栓出血,从而有助于延长患者生存期以及改善生活质量.     

Ciliated hepatic cyst leading to squamous cell carcinoma of the liver – A case report and review of the literature

INTRODUCTIONCiliated hepatic foregut cysts (CHFC) are rare, typically benign liver lesions. Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is also a rare entity with only approximately 25 reported cases in the literature. Recently, there have been four reports of malignant transformation of CHFC into primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver. Here we report a fifth with unique presentation and review the literature.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 34 year-old man, with a history of ulcerative colitis, was incidentally found to have a 10 cm lesion in the right anterior sector plus left medial section of the liver on computerized tomography (CT) scan. The patient was asymptomatic at presentation and neoplastic markers were not elevated. Sequential transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and portal vein embolization (PVE) allowed for left lateral section plus segment 1 hypertrophy and subsequent resection. Histology later revealed the cyst to be a CHFC and showed its malignant transformation. At 6 month follow-up, the patient has lung and abdominal recurrence.DISCUSSIONWith now the fifth case of malignant transformation of CHFC being reported, approximately 5% of all reported CHFC have undergone malignant transformation. This frequency, taken together with the aggressive disease course and poor prognosis, suggests that CHFC must not be presumed benign and should be regarded with clinical suspicion.CONCLUSIONAccurate diagnosis of CHFC is mandatory given its potential malignant transformation. Even in asymptomatic CHFC, surgical excision is recommended. In addition, in cases of otherwise unresectable lesions, sequential TACE and PVE may provide optimal hypertrophy of future liver remnant.     

射频消融联合其他介入综合技术治疗原发性肝癌研究进展

原发性肝癌（HCC）死亡率居全球第三位,而中国肝癌患者的年发病及死亡病例数均超过全球总数的50%。目前,手术仍是唯一有可能治愈HCC的首选方法,但绝大多数患者发现时已为肝癌中晚期,失去了手术机会。近年来介入微创治疗已成为不可手术切除肝癌治疗的研究热点之一,主要包括：肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）、局部消融治疗、放射性粒子组织间近距离放疗及体外高能聚焦超声波等。由于介入微创治疗方式多样,如何合理有序的联合应用仍是当前的研究热点。本文重点综述以射频消融为基础的各种介入综合技术手段联合应用治疗肝癌的新进展。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞后碘油沉积对碳离子放疗剂量的影响

目的 研究肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗后肝脏肿瘤内碘油沉积对碳离子放疗剂量的影响。方法 对比纯碘油、纯凝胶和碘油凝胶混合物实际相对水阻止本领（RLSP）和其CT图像转化获得的RLSP。在7例典型有碘油沉积病例的CT图像上制定碳离子放疗计划,然后基于前述分析结果,将碘油沉积区域RLSP修正为正常肝组织,将先前制定碳离子放疗计划在修正后CT图像上重新计算,比较在不同CT图像上等效水深度和剂量分布的差异。结果 依据CT图像HU值,碘油和碘油凝胶混合物转化的RLSP比实际测量值增加4.6%~139.0%。7例临床病例中,原始图像上碘油沉积可致射野路径上的等效水深度平均增加（0.89±0.41）cm,可使靶区远端1 cm区域内平均剂量升高（3.83±1.71）Gy （相对生物剂量）。结论 在肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗后有碘油沉积的CT图像上制定碳离子治疗计划时需将碘油沉积部位的HU值或RLSP修正为正常肝组织。     

Yttrium-90 Transarterial Radioembolization for Chemotherapy-Refractory Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Prospective,Observational Study

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization (TARE) for the treatment of unresectable, chemotherapy-refractory intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).MethodsA prospective, observational study was carried out in 10 centers between 2013 and 2017. TARE plus standard care was delivered to patients with unresectable, chemotherapy-refractory or chemotherapy-intolerant ICC. Primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes included safety, progression-free survival (PFS), and liver-specific progression-free survival (LPFS).ResultsSixty-one patients were treated with TARE. Patients were 53% male; median age was 64 years; 91% had performance status 0/1; 92% had received prior chemotherapy; and 59% had no extrahepatic disease. Median follow-up was 13.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6–18.1). Overall survival was 8.7 months (95% CI, 5.3–12.1), and 37% of patients survived to 12 months. PFS was 2.8 months (95% CI, 2.6–3.1), and LPFS was 3.1 months (95% CI, 1.3–4.8). One severe complication (abdominal pain) occurred at the time of the TARE procedure. Thirty patients experienced a total of 49 adverse events, of which 8% were grade ≥3; most common were grade 1–2 fatigue and abdominal pain. A total of 77 abnormal laboratory value events were recorded, of which 4% were grade ≥3.ConclusionsPatients with advanced ICC have limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. This prospective study examined the survival of patients with unresectable, chemotherapy-refractory primary ICC treated with TARE in real-world practice. The results demonstrate that this treatment merits further investigation in this patient cohort in a larger study, including collection of patient-reported outcomes.     

剪切波弹性成像评价VX2肝癌模型兔TACE后瘤周纤维化

目的 以超声剪切波弹性成像（SWE）分析兔VX2肝癌移植瘤模型TACE后肿瘤周围肝组织（以下简称瘤周）纤维化状态。方法 选取12只新西兰兔,于超声引导下经皮穿刺肝左叶实质,植入VX2肝癌组织,建立兔VX2肝癌移植瘤模型。将模型兔随机分入TACE组和Sham组,每组6只。对TACE组于建模后2~3周经股动脉插管行肝固有动脉造影,之后对TACE组注入碘化油乳剂,对Sham组注入生理盐水。于术前及术后2周以常规超声观察肿瘤大小,以SWE检测肿瘤、瘤周及肝右叶组织硬度。术后2周检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、肌酐（Cr）及血尿素氮（BUN）水平。处死动物取肿瘤及瘤周组织,观察肝细胞形态、评估纤维化程度;以Western blot法检测瘤周组织胶原Ⅰ和胶原Ⅲ蛋白表达水平。采用Spearman相关性分析评价瘤周纤维化程度与组织硬度的相关性。结果 对12只兔均成功建模,经股动脉插管行肝动脉造影成功率100%（12/12）。2组术前肿瘤体积、肝组织硬度及血清学指标差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。术后2周,相比Sham组,TACE组肿瘤体积缩小,肿瘤及瘤周组织硬度增加,血清ALT、AST升高（P均<0.05）。病理检查显示,TACE组瘤周肝细胞水肿明显,Sham组偶见肝细胞水肿,TACE组瘤周纤维化程度高于Sham组（P<0.01）;TACE组瘤周胶原Ⅰ和胶原Ⅲ蛋白表达水平高于Sham组（P均<0.01）。Spearman相关性分析结果表明,瘤周纤维化程度与肝脏硬度呈正相关（r=0.67,P=0.02）。结论 TACE后VX2肝癌模型兔瘤周纤维化程度加重;SWE可用于评估肝纤维化程度。     

弥散加权成像联合普美显磁共振成像在肝癌TACE术后疗效评估中的应用

目的 探讨弥散加权成像(DWI)联合普美显(Gd-EOB-DTPA)MR成像在肝癌TACE后疗效评估中的应用价值.方法 20例确诊肝癌患者于TACE术前、术后行上腹部DWI及Gd-EOB-DTPA动态增强扫描,定性分析TACE术前、术后肝癌活性成分,坏死和复发转移情况.测量TACE术前、术后病灶的表观弥散系数(ADC)值和信号值(signal intensity,SI),并计算术前、术后病灶的动脉期对比增强比(CER)和动脉期的信号比(SIR),对定量参数ADC、CER和SIR值进行配对样本t检验.结果 本组20例患者共检出肝癌病灶45个.TACE术后瘤灶内残存及复发部分在DWI图像上呈高信号,ADC图上信号低于正常肝组织,动脉期可见明显强化,门脉期及平衡期强化减退,肝胆特异期呈明显低信号;瘤灶内坏死部分DWI序列呈低信号,ADC图上为高信号,增强扫描后无强化,肝胆特异期亦呈明显低信号.肝癌病灶术前、术后ADC值分别为(1.52±0.16)×10-3 mm2/s和(1.70±0.28)×10-3 mm2/s,术后肝癌病灶的ADC值普遍升高,两者的差异有统计学意义.肝癌TACE术后的CER动脉期和SIR动脉期值减小,与术前相比,两者的差异有统计学意义.有效组肝癌病灶的术后ADC值大于无效组,而其CER动脉期和SIR动脉期值均小于无效组,两者术后的ADC、CER动脉期和SIR动脉期值的差异均有统计学意义.结论 联合应用DWI和Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MR成像能有效评估肝癌TACE术后病灶存活及坏死情况,检出早期复发、新发灶及转移灶,对制定下一步治疗方案具有重要意义.     

经动脉灌注rAd-p53联合TAE治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效观察

目的 探讨经动脉灌注重组人p53腺病毒注射液联合碘化油栓塞治疗中晚期肝癌的安全性及有效性.方法 回顾性分析2012年5月至2015年6月采用经肿瘤供血动脉灌注重组人p53腺病毒注射液联合碘化油栓塞治疗的31例中晚期原发性肝癌患者的临床资料.所有入组患者均为无法行外科手术治疗的中晚期肝癌患者.患者介入术程顺利,术后采用改良实体瘤评价标准(mRECIST)评价临床疗效.采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计分析.结果 31例患者共进行76次(平均每例2.4次)介入治疗.随访3～36个月,术后3、6、12个月完全缓解率(CR)均为0,部分缓解率分别为58.1％、38.7％、29％,总有效率分别为58.1％、38.7％、29％;6个月、1年及2年的总生存率分别为77.4％、58.1％、19.3％;6个月、1年及2年的无进展生存率分别为38.7％、25.8％、12.9％.全组患者均未见急性肝衰竭、肝脓肿、肺栓塞等严重并发症,术后87.1％患者出现发热.结论 采用经动脉灌注重组人p53腺病毒注射液联合TAE治疗中晚期肝癌具有良好的安全性和有效性,为中晚期肝癌提供了一种新的治疗选择.