索他洛尔对急性心肌梗死血小板活化及纤溶活性和内皮血管活性物质的影响

目的 :探讨索他洛尔对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)血小板活化、纤溶活性和内皮血管活性物质的影响。方法 :新西兰大白兔 4 0只 ,随机分为 4组 ,每组 10只 ,Ⅰ组 :假手术组 ,Ⅱ组 :AMI组 ,Ⅲ组 :利多卡因组 ,Ⅳ组 :索他洛尔组 ;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别结扎冠状动脉左室支中点 ,4h后取血分别测定血栓素B2 (TxB2 )、6 酮 前列腺素F1α(6 keto PGF1α)、内皮素 (ET)、一氧化氮 (NO)浓度和组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (t PA)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物 (PAI)活性 ;摘取心脏 ,测定心肌梗死范围。结果 :Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组比较 ,血浆TxB2 、ET、NO浓度和PAI活性显著升高(P <0 .0 1) ,6 keto PGF1α浓度、t PA活性显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组比较 ,差异无显著性意义 ,Ⅳ组与Ⅱ组比较 ,血浆TxB2 、ET、NO浓度和PAI活性明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,6 keto PGF1α浓度、t PA活性显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,梗死范围减小。结论 :索他洛尔抑制AMI早期血小板活化 ,改善纤溶活性 ,减少ET和NO的释放 ,缩小心肌梗死范围     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死20例分析

目的 :探讨重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (rt PA)静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的疗效及安全性。方法 :选择 2 0例AMI患者应用rt PA静脉溶栓治疗 ,观察临床症状、心电图、心肌酶谱的变化 ,判断冠状动脉再通率。结果 :① 2 0例AMI患者 ,冠状动脉再通 12例 ,再通率 6 0 %,其中发病 6h以内溶栓再通率 87.5 %(7/ 8) ,发病 6～ 2 4h溶栓再通率 4 1.7%(5 / 12 ) ,两者相比差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。②≤ 6 5岁患者的血管再通率与不良反应发生率与 >6 5岁组相比差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :rt PA静脉溶栓治疗AMI是一种安全、有效的方法 ,宜提倡急诊室溶栓。 >6 5岁患者行静脉溶栓治疗是安全可行的 ,但要根据患者的具体情况而定。     

冠心病患者的无症状性心肌缺血

本文报道冠心病患者108例在日常活动情况下,采用Holter 24小时监测,发现60例(55.6%)有心肌缺血发作,总计发作244次,其中无症状性心肌缺血198次(81%)。心肌缺血发作时与发作前的心率比较无明显差异。无症状性心肌缺血发作时ST段下降程度与伴随有胸痛发作时比较,亦无明显差异。在上午6时至12时,无症状性心肌缺血发作频率最高,占55.1%。内服缓释硝酸异山梨酯(消心痛)可以减少心肌缺血发作。     

Clinical impact of direct referral to primary percutaneous coronary intervention following pre-hospital diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

AIMS: Treatment delay is a powerful predictor of survival in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We investigated effectiveness of pre-hospital diagnosis of STEMI with direct referral to PCI, alongside more conventional referral strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 2003 to December 2004, 658 STEMI patients were referred for primary PCI at our intervention laboratory. Three predefined referral routes were compared: (1) for patients within 90 min drive of the PCI centre, pre-hospital diagnosis and direct transportation (n=166), (2) diagnosis at the interventional hospital emergency department (n=316), (3) diagnosis at local hospitals before transportation (n = 176). Pre-hospital diagnosis was associated with more than 45 min reduction in treatment delay (P = 0.001). No significant difference in in-hospital mortality was apparent in the overall study population. In the cardiogenic shock subgroup (n = 80), pre-hospital diagnosis was associated with a two-thirds reduction in in-hospital mortality (P = 0.019); mortality was only 6.2% in shock patients who underwent PCI in < 2 h. CONCLUSION: This study shows that pre-hospital diagnosis can provide a reduction in primary PCI treatment delay, and suggests the hypothesis that this referral strategy might provide survival benefits to patients with cardiogenic shock.     

aVR导联ST段抬高在预测非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者预后中的价值

目的探讨aVR导联ST段抬高在预测首次非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者短期预后中的价值。方法分析426例非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者入院心电图。结果aVR导联无ST段抬高(n=281)、抬高0.05~0.1mV(n=68)和抬高≥0.1mV(n=77)患者的住院死亡率分别是1.8%、7.4%和15.6%。调整基线预测因子和入院时ST段压低的影响,aVR导联ST段抬高0.05~0.1mV和抬高≥0.1mV患者死亡的优势比分别是4.2(95%可信区间为1.4~13.5;P<0.001)和6.1(95%可信区间为2.4~17.3;P<0.001)。住院期间复发心肌缺血事件和心力衰竭发生率随aVR导联ST段抬高程度增加而增加,而不同程度aVR导联ST段抬高患者血清肌酸激酶和肌酸激酶同工酶相似。aVR导联无ST段抬高、抬高0.05~0.1mV和抬高≥0.1mV患者左主干或3支血管病变发生率分别为16.9%、37.1%和56.2%(P<0.001)。结论首次非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死伴aVR导联ST段抬高患者预后较差,而这种差的预后与严重的冠状动脉病变有关,对这些患者进行早期介入治疗也许有重要的益处。     

补阳还五汤对动脉粥样硬化大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的：探讨补阳还五汤对早期动脉粥样硬化（动粥）大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法：50只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为（1）正常对照组，（2）非高脂手术组，（3）高脂假手术组，（4）高脂手术组，（5）补阳还五汤组5组，其中（3）、（4）、（5）组采用高脂饲料喂养，（5）组每天补阳还五汤灌胃，36例w后采用双侧颈动脉结扎，脑缺血45min，再灌注3d后检测血脂水平，脑组织丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px）的变化以及主动脉，脑组织的病理改变。结果：（1）高脂饲料喂养36w能形成早期动脉粥样硬化；（2）高脂手术组脑组织损伤较非高脂手术组严重且有显著性差异；（3）补阳还五汤能降低血脂水平，提高脑组织NOS、SOD、GSH－Px活性，并使病理改变明显减轻，结论：动脉粥样硬化可加重脑缺血再灌注损伤，补阳还五汤对粥大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤有明显的保护作用。     

陈旧性前壁心肌梗死患者自体骨髓单个核细胞移植后左室心肌灌注及收缩功能的变化

目的　评价经冠状动脉内自体骨髓单个核细胞移植对陈旧性心肌梗死患者心功能和心肌灌注的影响及其安全性。方法与结果　入选 10例陈旧性前壁心肌梗死患者 ,在冠状动脉造影和介入治疗后 ,经冠状动脉内灌注导管将自体骨髓单个核细胞缓慢注入前降支。随访 3个月后 ,左室射血分数由术前 4 5 3%± 9 8%升高至 5 4 5 %± 6 5 % (P =0 0 0 3) ;2 0 1 Tl心肌灌注显像 (SPECT)显示左心室心肌灌注明显改善 ,即刻和延迟心肌灌注评分分别由术前的 2 9 5± 5 8和 2 8 6± 6 3降低至 2 3 9±5 7和 2 3 0± 6 1(P均 <0 0 1) ,没有手术有关的并发症和恶性心律失常发生。结论　陈旧性前壁心肌梗死患者经冠状动脉内自体骨髓单个核细胞移植 ,可显著改善左室收缩功能和心肌灌注 ,并且具有良好的临床操作安全性。     

Ventricular performance and prognosis after primary ventricular fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction

To examine the relationship between early arrhythmias, infarctsize and prognosis, we compared 22 consecutive patients survivingacute myocardial infarction (AMI) and primary ventricular fibrillation(VF) with a control population after AMI uncomplicated by primaryVF. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was measured byradionuclide ventriculography before discharge from hospital.Mean EF was significantly reduced below normal following AMIwith or without primary VF (normal 0.57±0.05, mean±SD;P<0.01). Mean EF was lower among patients who survived primaryVF than among those with infarction uncomplicated by primaryarrhythmia (0.33 ±0.12 v. 0.46 ±0.07; P<0.01).There were striking differences in EF between those patientswith anterior and those with inferior infarction. Mean EF forthose surviving primary VF after transmural anterior infarction(0.23±0.06) was lower than those who had primary VF aftertransmural inferior infarction (0.43±0.06; P<0.01J.Normal left ventricular function was seen in four individualswho developed no further complications. Recurrent primary ventriculararrhythmia was seen v only in those individuals subsequentlyshown to have reduced EF. Low EF (< 0-35) was seen in 12patients with primary VF in the context of anterior infarction,five developed breakthrough ventricular arrhythmias despitetherapy and in a limited follow-up period, three have died.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术前13N-NH3/18F-FDG PET显像检测冬眠心肌的临床研究

目的 探讨PET/CT检测冬眠心肌数量预测伴有心功能不全的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（以下简称冠心病）患者冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）后左心室射血分数（LVEF）改善的价值并寻找与心脏主要不良事件（MACE）相关的影响因素。方法 收集46例LVEF严重减低（≤ 40%）且接受CABG的冠心病患者,术前均接受超声心动图检查,且行¹³N-NH₃/¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT心肌灌注-代谢显像评估冬眠心肌数量,于术后3~32个月复查超声心动图,评价LVEF情况,并追踪MACE发生情况。根据术后LVEF将患者分为LVEF改善组和LVEF未改善组,筛选两组有统计学差异的因素,并以二元Logistic回归分析术后LVEF改善的影响因素;采用ROC曲线确定预测CABG术后LVEF能否改善的冬眠心肌数量的界值;根据随访中发生MACE与否将患者分为两组,分析与MACE发生的相关因素。结果 与LVEF未改善组比较,术后LVEF改善组冬眠心肌数量较多,瘢痕心肌数量较少,患者术前左心室收缩末期容积（LVESV）较小,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;冬眠心肌数量及术前LVESV是CABG术后影响LVEF改善的独立因子;冬眠心肌预测LVEF改善的界值为21%;与MACE事件发生有关的因素为二尖瓣重度反流。结论 PET/CT检测冬眠心肌数量对预测伴心功能不全冠心病患者CABG后LVEF改善情况具有重要价值。