Oral malodor reduction by a palatal mucoadhesive tablet containing herbal formulation

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to test the effect of a palatal mucoadhesive tablet containing an herbal formulation on oral malodor production and volatile sulfide compound (VSC) levels, and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity. METHODS: A total of 56 healthy young volunteers participated in experiments 1 and 2. The palatal adhesive tablets were prepared with different active ingredients (herbal formulation, zinc and chlorhexidine), or without an active ingredient as control (placebo). Measurement included odor judge scores (two judges) and VSC readings by a sulfide monitor (Halimeter). In experiment 3, the antimicrobial activity of the herbal formulation ingredients (i.e. sage, Echinacea, Lavender and Mastic gum) were tested against three oral pathogens (Streptoccocus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans) by the agar diffusion test. RESULTS: Application of the palatal adhesive tablets containing herbal formulation resulted in a significant reduction in both oral malodor scores (p<0.001) and VSC levels (p=0.013). Herbal formulation showed higher significance in VSC reduction (p=0.001), as compared to zinc and chlorhexidine (p=0.024 and 0.032, respectively). Sage, Lavender and Mastic gum showed antimicrobial activity against all three oral pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the present study suggest that the palatal adhesive tablets containing herbal formulation may serve as an effective means of treatment for patients complaining of oral malodor.     

吴药薄荷挥发油成分的GCMS分析与薄荷醇含量测定

目的?通过对苏州市地区5个吴药薄荷药材挥发油成分、含量等相关的研究,为吴门药用植物资源的保护问题提供理论和实验依据。方法?采用水蒸汽蒸馏法进行挥发油的提取,运用GCMS进行化学成分鉴定及含量测定,计算其相似度。结果?挥发油含量从0.2%至1.7% (mL/g)不等。除一个样品外,其余相似度都较高。结论?苏州地区吴药薄荷其化学成分丰富,薄荷醇含量较高,值得保护与开发。      

雷公藤配伍白芍对雷公藤提取物透皮吸收的影响

目的:考察雷公藤与白芍配伍后对雷公藤甲素和2种生物碱类成分(雷公藤吉碱、雷公藤次碱)透皮吸收的影响,从经皮转运的角度探讨雷公藤与白芍配伍减毒的机制。方法:采用改良Franz扩散池,以小鼠离体腹部皮肤为透皮屏障,以20%乙醇生理盐水为接收介质,通过HPLC测定接收液中雷公藤甲素(流动相乙腈-水梯度洗脱,检测波长220 nm)和雷公藤吉碱、雷公藤次碱[流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液(57∶43),检测波长230 nm]的含量,计算其累积渗透量和稳态透皮速率等渗透动力学参数。结果:与雷公藤乳膏相比,雷公藤-白芍配伍乳膏均能降低雷公藤吉碱、雷公藤次碱的累积通过量,但对雷公藤甲素的累积透过量无影响;其中雷公藤-白芍以比例1∶2和1∶3配伍的乳膏中雷公藤吉碱和雷公藤次碱的24 h累积透过量呈明显的降低趋势。结论:雷公藤与白芍配伍经皮给药能降低毒性成分的透过量,同时不影响主要活性物质雷公藤甲素的透过量,从而达到了减毒增效的作用。     

近红外漫反射光谱法快速鉴别两组化石类中药材

目的：建立化石类矿物中药龙骨、龙齿、石燕和石蟹等的近红外快速识别模型。方法：用近红外漫反射光谱法结合OPUS 软件,分析样品的光谱特征,建立聚类分析的模式识别方法,并验证模型的准确性。结果：这几种化石类矿物中药都有自己的特征吸收,通过模式识别技术进行快速准确地区分。结论：用近红外光谱建模,可以快速准确地鉴别龙骨、龙齿、石燕和石蟹等化石类矿物中药。     

利水类中药与利尿剂治疗心力衰竭的疗效与安全性—基于随机对照试验的系统评价

目的:系统评价利水类中药与利尿剂治疗心力衰竭的疗效及安全性。方法:计算机检索Pub Med、Embase、Cochrane Library、CBM、CNKI、VIP及Wan Fang Data等数据库,依据纳入及排除标准纳入利水类中药与利尿剂治疗心力衰竭的随机临床对照试验,由两名研究者独立评价纳入研究的质量、提取数据并交叉核对,使用Rev Man 5.2软件进行Meta分析,并采用加拿大卫生药品技术总署编写的ITC软件对两者实施间接比较。结果:Meta分析结果显示:在相同的常规治疗基础上,利水类中药临床疗效的总有效率高于利尿剂[RR=1.34,95%CI(1.13,1.60),P0.05]。ITC分析结果提示利水类中药+常规治疗在治疗心力衰竭的临床疗效总有效率与利尿剂+常规治疗比较的差异并无统计学意义[RR=1.023,95%CI(0.789,1.327),P=0.975]。纳入文献中,利水类中药与利尿剂治疗在NYHA心功能分级、6 min步行试验及水肿减轻程度等的疗效评价方面,均仅有1篇文献报道提示利水类中药的疗效优势,超声心动图与BNP(或NT-pro BNP)的疗效改善情况均无报道。3篇纳入文献报道了利尿剂与利水类中药治疗的相关不良反应,提示血钾异常等电解质紊乱不良反应的发生率以利尿剂治疗组更为明显。纳入的RCT均无严重不良事件的报道。结论:利水类中药联合常规治疗与利尿剂联合常规治疗的疗效比较因缺乏大样本、高质量的相关研究,目前尚无法得到较为可靠的结论。     

苦参-甘草药对提取工艺的优化及其化学成分分析

目的:优选苦参-甘草药对的提取工艺,并对其提取物的化学成分进行分析。方法:以苦参碱、氧化苦参碱和甘草酸的转移率为指标,在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验考察乙醇体积分数、提取次数、提取时间和液料比对苦参-甘草药对提取工艺的影响。利用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS对苦参-甘草药对提取物化学成分进行在线鉴定。结果:苦参-甘草药对的最佳提取条件为加8倍量60%乙醇回流提取2次,每次2 h,提取前浸泡1 h;苦参碱和氧化苦参碱总转移率93.92%,甘草酸转移率99.23%。苦参-甘草药对提取物共鉴定出49个成分,其中28个来自于苦参,21个来自于甘草。结论:优选的提取工艺稳定可行。苦参-甘草药对配伍提取具有相互促进溶出的作用,为阐明其他药对的药效物质基础及配伍机制提供参考。     

认知情绪调节策略与自伤行为:体验回避的中介作用

目的:研究认知情绪调节、体验回避对中学生自伤行为的影响作用。方法:本研究采用问卷法对325名中学生的自伤行为以及认知情绪调节策略、体验回避做了调查,分析中学生不同性别的自伤行为的差异,分析不同认知情绪调节策略对自伤行为的影响,体验回避对自伤行为的影响,以及体验回避在认知情绪调节策略中的作用。结果:不同性别中学生在自伤行为无显著差异(t=1.59,P=0.113);适应性情绪调节策略与自伤行为相关不显著(r=0.028);体验回避在非适应性认知情绪调节策略和自伤行为间起完全中介作用。结论:非适应性认知情绪调节策略对自伤行为的影响是完全通过体验回避来实现的。     

杨志旭治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎用药规律

目的：探析杨志旭教授治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）的用药规律。方法：收集2020年2月1日至3月21日杨教授在武汉市金银潭医院救治新冠肺炎患者的50张处方,采用频数法分析用药规律。结果：50张处方涉及57味中药,合计用药频次646次,使用频次>30次的分别为黄芪、贯众、金银花、苦杏仁、百合、麻黄、茯苓、瓜蒌;四气中以寒性多见;五味位居前3位的是甘、苦、辛;归经位居前3位的是肺经、胃经、脾经;功效位居前3位的是清热药、化痰止咳药、补虚药。结论：杨志旭教授治疗新冠肺炎寒温并用、甘苦兼施,以治肺为主,注重固护脾胃,将清热药、化痰止咳药、补虚药协同配伍,以扶正解毒贯穿治疗始终,并根据疾病特点随症加减。     

Raising awareness of learning disability needs in acute sector care: A reflective account of a workshop from the guest facilitator perspective

Nurse education has an essential role to play in reducing health inequality for people with learning disability [Michael, J., 2008. Healthcare for All: Report of the Independent Inquiry into Access to Healthcare for People with Learning Disabilities. Aldridge Press, London]. Many nurse education providers will need to use guest facilitators in order to raise awareness of best practice in caring for this client group for non learning disability branch students and their experiences as nurse educators will be of growing interest. This article critically reflects on an educational session for pre-registration adult branch nursing students which used a variety of teaching methods to facilitate a reflective, student centred, experiential learning approach. Self assessment based on the change between two self rating scales was used to assess learning, the session itself was evaluated by students using a feedback form and through the formal assessment of teaching by a nurse tutor. This article critically evaluates the preparation, delivery and evaluation of the session, emphasising the perspective of the guest facilitator – a practicing community learning disability nurse. The conclusion reflects on key learning from the teaching experience.     

基于数据挖掘的中医药治疗鼻咽癌放疗后口干用药规律分析

目的:使用中医传承辅助系统(TCMISS)对中医内服方药治疗鼻咽癌放疗后口干用药、证型规律等进行分析.方法:检索并筛选1990年1月至2020年5月中国知网(CNKI)、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台及万方数据知识服务平台中关于中医药治疗鼻咽癌放疗后口干临床研究中的中药处方,利用TCMISS构建数据库后,运用关联规则及复杂系...