家庭康复护理对脑瘫患儿的意义及实施要点探析

目的：探讨家庭康复护理对脑瘫患儿的意义以及实施要点。方法选取脑瘫患儿患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各40例。对照组出院后给予患儿家长常规健康宣教,观察组出院后对患儿家长实施专业培训,以确保患儿接受有效的家庭康复护理,并比较2组效果。结果观察组适应行为、大运动行为、精细运动行为、语言行为以及个人-社交行为评分分别为（67.9±5.3）、（70.2±4.6）、（64.3±7.1）、（62.5±4.3）、（60.3±4.7）,对照组分别为（48.6±6.7）、（58.9±5.2）、（41.2±5.3）、（41.6±5.1）、（41.2±5.9）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论家庭康复护理在脑瘫患儿护理中的应用效果显著,对提高患儿康复效果具有重要作用,值得推广应用。     

气机升降针法治疗肝郁型失眠的临床观察

【目的】观察气机升降针法治疗肝郁型失眠患者的临床疗效。【方法】将符合纳入标准的60例失眠患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例。治疗组给予气机升降针法治疗,对照组给予常规针法治疗。观察2组治疗前后多导睡眠图（PSG）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）及临床疗效变化情况。【结果】（1）治疗后,2组患者睡眠总时间、深睡眠时间及快速眼球运动（REM）睡眠时间均有所延长,睡眠潜伏期缩短,觉醒次数减少（P<0.05）。治疗组睡眠总时间、深睡眠时间以及REM睡眠时间改善作用优于对照组（P<0.05）。（2）治疗后,2组患者PSQI评分均降低（P<0.01）,治疗组降低作用优于对照组（P<0.01）。（3）治疗组和对照组总有效率分别为93.33%和76.67%,治疗组疗效优于对照组（P<0.01）。【结论】气机升降针法治疗肝郁型失眠与常规针法比较疗效更为显著,其操作简便,方法新颖。     

Evidence for Dry Needling in the Management of Myofascial Trigger Points Associated With Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective

To evaluate the current evidence of the effectiveness of dry needling of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) associated with low back pain (LBP).

Collateral-flow measurements in humans by myocardial contrast echocardiography: validation of coronary pressure-derived collateral-flow assessment.

AIMS: Myocardial blood flow (MBF) is the gold standard to assess myocardial blood supply and, as recently shown, can be obtained by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). The aims of this human study are (i) to test whether measurements of collateral-derived MBF by MCE are feasible during elective angioplasty and (ii) to validate the concept of pressure-derived collateral-flow assessment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty patients with stable coronary artery disease underwent MCE of the collateral-receiving territory during and after angioplasty of 37 stenoses. MCE perfusion analysis was successful in 32 cases. MBF during and after angioplasty varied between 0.060-0.876 mL min(-1) g(-1) (0.304+/-0.196 mL min(-1) g(-1)) and 0.676-1.773 mL min(-1) g(-1) (1.207+/-0.327 mL min(-1) g(-1)), respectively. Collateral-perfusion index (CPI) is defined as the rate of MBF during and after angioplasty varied between 0.05 and 0.67 (0.26+/-0.15). During angioplasty, simultaneous measurements of mean aortic pressure, coronary wedge pressure, and central venous pressure determined the pressure-derived collateral-flow index (CFI(p)), which varied between 0.04 and 0.61 (0.23+/-0.14). Linear-regression analysis demonstrated an excellent agreement between CFI(p) and CPI (y=0.88 x +0.01; r(2)=0.92; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Collateral-derived MBF measurements by MCE during angioplasty are feasible and proved that the pressure-derived CFI exactly reflects collateral relative to normal myocardial perfusion in humans.     

冠心病Warm-up现象发生机制的研究进展

Warm-up现象是一种大多发生在慢性稳定型心绞痛患者身上的心肌内源性自我保护方式,具有提高心肌缺血耐受性的积极的临床意义.其发生机制尚不十分明确,国外研究主要集中于氧供增加途径(可通过侧支循环、冠状动脉舒张、心肌血流的重新分布等实现)、氧耗减少途径、ATP敏感性钾通道途径、腺苷及其受体途径以及冠脉内皮功能等.     

肝细胞生长因子治疗心肌梗死后心力衰竭的实验研究

目的研究经冠状动脉转染携带人肝细胞生长因子(hepatocytegrowthfactor,HGF)的腺病毒(adenovirus,Ad5)对猪心肌梗死后心力衰竭的改善作用。方法12只苏中幼猪,随机分成转染Ad5-HGF组(治疗组)和转染未携带肝细胞生长因子的腺病毒载体(null-Ad5)组(对照组),每组6只。结扎前降支制成心肌梗死模型,手术后第4周及第7周时行冠状动脉造影和门控心肌灌注显像,评价侧支循环形成程度(Rentorp法)、心肌灌注及心功能的变化;用ELISA法检测肝细胞生长因子蛋白表达;以免疫组织化学法检测基因导入后平滑肌肌动蛋白抗体阳性(SMA )有灌注功能血管生成情况。结果经冠状动脉转染Ad5-HGF后心肌高度表达人HGF蛋白;治疗组心肌血流灌注及左心室射血分数(LVEF)较对照组明显改善;治疗组侧支循环形成明显增多,每平方毫米功能血管的数量明显高于对照组。结论经冠状动脉转染Ad5-HGF能使心肌高度表达HGF蛋白。HGF对梗死心肌的侧支循环形成、心肌灌注及心功能均有改善作用,能促进功能血管数增多。     

过量服用蛋氨酸所致高同型半胱氨酸血症对缺血性血管新生的抑制作用

高同型半胱氨酸血症是引起动脉粥样硬化的一种独立危险因素。过量服用蛋氨酸会导致血清中同型半胱氨酸浓度增高、内皮功能受损、血管舒缩功能减弱。本研究使用过量服用蛋氨酸导致高同型半胱氨酸血症大鼠，与对照组比较，观察缺血下肢血管新生的情况，判断高同型半胱氨酸血症对缺血性血管新生的影响。将36只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠分为两组：对照组和高同型半胱氨酸血症组。对照组始终给予自来水；高同型半胱氨酸血症组则给予含有0．5％蛋氨酸的饮水。两组动物分别按上述方法给予不同饮水2周后，手术切除左侧股动、静脉，观察缺血28d内缺血区域血管新生和侧枝血管形成的情况。过量服用蛋氨酸导致的高同型半胱氨酸血症减弱了大鼠下肢慢性缺血性血管新生和侧枝血管的建立，这可能与高同型半胱氨酸血症减弱内皮源性一氧化氮生物活性有关。     

体外反搏治疗冠心病前后冠状动脉造影对比

为了估计体外反搏对冠心病的治疗价值,对2例稳定型心绞痛患者(病程分别为10年和3年),在反搏前后进行冠状动脉(以下简称冠脉)造影,观察冠脉侧支循环的变化。例1于1986年5月31日造影示三支病变,狭窄程度:前降支90%,回旋支99%,右冠脉3处狭窄均为75%,伴少量侧支。经每天1h(共87h)反搏后,在同一医院于1986年9月13日进行第二次造影,前后对比三支狭窄程度无改变,但增加许多网状侧支循环。例2第一次冠脉造影示三支病变,狭窄程度前降支为75%,回旋支75%,右冠脉90%。立即进行体外反搏94h后,第二次冠脉造影,前后对比狭窄处无明显改变,侧支增加。     

既往心绞痛对急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉侧支循环及左心室功能的影响

目的　探讨既往心绞痛对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者冠状动脉侧支循环及左心室功能的影响。方法　行选择性冠状动脉造影和左心室造影的 30 7例首次急性心肌梗死患者 ,分析既往心绞痛与肌酸激酶 (CK)峰值浓度、冠状动脉侧支循环和左心室功能等的关系。结果　① 30 7例患者中 ,有既往心绞痛者 192例 (A组 ) ,无既往心绞痛者 115例 (B组 )。②A组CK和CK MB峰值浓度均显著低于B组(P <0 0 5 )。③A组梗死相关动脉有良好侧支循环的比率显著高于B组 (P <0 0 5 )。④A组左心室射血分数 (LVEF)显著高于B组 (P <0 0 1) ,而室壁运动Cortina计分明显低于B组(P <0 0 1)。结论　既往心绞痛可能促进冠状动脉侧支循环的建立 ,对急性心肌梗死后的心脏功能起保护作用     

Comparison of isometric and anatomical graft placement in synthetic ACL reconstructions: A pilot study

Correct graft placement is critical to the success of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (ACLR). Whilst current trend is to insert the graft in an anatomical location, synthetic grafts have shown to better perform when they are located in an isometric position. Placement, however, is largely dependent on the surgeon and no consensus has been reached for synthetic grafts.Kinematic flexion-extension data of four separate cadaveric knees was obtained using an optical tracking system. Knees were CT-scanned and computer models were developed for each specimen. Three different graft insertion techniques were simulated in each of the computer models. Kinematic data obtained from the optical tracking was applied to the 3D computer models to simulate knee flexion-extension, and virtual change in ACL graft length was measured over the cycle for each insertion technique. Length changes were plotted onto the Radiological-Quadrant.The isometric region on the femur was found to be a band spreading from the mid to deep end of the Blumensaat's line down to the shallow-inferior end of the femoral condyle. The JP Laboureau isometric point technique was consistently located in the isometric zone, with the following coordinates on the Radiographic-Quadrant: t=0.375 (SD 0.0066), h=0.227 (SD 0.0266). The Bernard–Hertel and Charlie Brown anatomical placement methods were located (13%, ?6%) and (8%, ?15%) away, from the JP Laboureau isometric point, respectively, based on t- and h- coordinates of the Radiographic-Quadrant.This study has determined the isometric region using three-dimensional analysis relative to the Radiographic-Quadrant. The JP Laboureau method best finds the isometric point. This information is useful for synthetic graft placement.