高场强MR诊断乳腺癌的技术应用进展

【摘要】MRI的临床应用可提高乳腺癌的诊断符合率，乳腺MRI正在逐步向3.0T甚至7.0T的高场强方向发展。目前，高场强MR功能成像技术在乳腺成像方面已取得了突飞猛进的发展，它可为乳腺癌患者的个性化诊疗提供更好的检测、评估、分期和监测手段。本文对高场强MR诊断乳腺癌的技术应用现状与进展进行综述。     

欧前胡素抗抑郁作用及机制研究

目的探讨欧前胡素(IMP)的抗抑郁作用及其机制。方法采用产前束缚应激对孕后期♀鼠建立抑郁模型,将SD♂子代大鼠随机分为5组,每组8只。分别是正常组(CON)、模型组(PS)、阳性组(氟西汀5 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))、IMP低、高剂量组(15、30 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))。均采用灌胃给药,每天1次,连续给药4周。进行糖水偏好、强迫游泳、旷场实验行为学测试,ELISA法、实时定量PCR检测海马及前额叶皮层中5-HT的浓度、5-HTT和5-HT_(1A)R的mRNA表达量。结果 IMP给药4周后,与PS组相比,IMP组糖水偏好度明显上升,不动时间减少,穿越总格子数、穿越中间格子数、直立和理毛次数明显增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),5-HT的浓度及5-HT_(1A)R的mRNA表达明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),5-HTT mRNA的表达明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 IMP可明显改善PS♂子代抑郁样行为,具有抗抑郁作用,其机制可能与升高5-HT浓度及5-HT1A R mRNA的表达,降低5-HTT mRNA的表达有关。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

前房注射卡波姆建立大鼠高眼压模型的观察

目的　前房注射卡波姆建立大鼠高眼压模型，观察卡波姆升眼压效果及对大鼠眼前节和视网膜的影响。方法　随机选取30只SD大鼠，注射前3 d早晚测量基线眼压。右眼定为实验眼，左眼定为对照眼，右眼放出房水后将30 μL的5 g·L^-1卡波姆混悬液注入前房，每日早10时、晚22时在大鼠清醒状态下测量眼压。每周进行双眼眼前节照相并对比。4周末处死26只大鼠（另4只持续观察眼压变化至注射后9周）并取双眼眼球行HE染色，观察实验眼与对照眼视网膜形态，对比视网膜厚度及房角形态。结果　注射前，实验眼白天和夜间眼压分别为（11.10±0.90）mmHg（1 kPa=7.5 mmHg）和（11.92±1.07）mmHg，对照眼分别为（11.22±1.07）mmHg和（11.76±1.08）mmHg；实验眼与对照眼相比，白天、夜间眼压差异均无统计学意义（均为 P＞0.05）；白天与夜间眼压相比，实验眼、对照眼差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。卡波姆在前房中呈现出弥散型和沉积型两种存在方式，弥散型和沉积型大鼠1周内眼压分别为（17.83±3.54）mmHg和（13.00±1.55）mmHg，两者相比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。注射后第1天至第19天，实验眼与对照眼白天眼压相比差异均具有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）；注射后第1天至第27天，实验眼与对照眼夜间眼压相比差异均具有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）。实验眼视网膜形态发生改变，注射后4周视网膜厚度为（254.70±21.80）μm，与对照眼的（346.73±24.63）μm相比，差异有统计学意义（P=0.00）。实验眼前房充满卡波姆及虹膜的混合成分，紧贴角膜内皮并延伸至房角，堵塞小梁网结构，正常虹膜形态消失；对照眼房角形态正常。结论　前房注射卡波姆建立大鼠高眼压模型，可维持高眼压4周以上，昼夜眼压差异较为明显，夜间眼压较白天更高，4周后视网膜出现高眼压损伤后的表现。     

高迁移率族蛋白B1在糖尿病足患者外周血中的表达及意义

目的:探讨高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)在糖尿病足患者外周血中的表达及临床意义。方法:收集92例2型糖尿病足患者静脉血标本作为试验组(糖尿病足组),另外取98例非糖尿病足2型糖尿病患者作为对照(糖尿病组),101例健康人作为正常对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测受检对象外周静脉血中HMGB1、MMP9和AGE的表达量。结果:与正常对照组相比,糖尿病足组患者和糖尿病组患者血清中HMGB1、MMP9和AGE的表达量显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与糖尿病组患者相比,糖尿病足组患者HMGB1、MMP9和AGE表达量显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);糖尿病足组患者血清中HMGB1的表达量与AGE(r~2=0.31)和MMP9(r~2=0.77)的表达量呈现正相关(P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病足患者外周血中HMGB1的表达量明显升高,其可能是糖尿病足发病机制中的重要参与者。     

HBV-ACLF患者血清miR-122和 HMGB1水平及其与病情、预后的关系

[摘要]　目的　探究HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭（HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure, HBV-ACLF）患者血清中微小核糖核酸（microRNA, miR）-122和高迁移率族蛋白1（high-mobility group box-B1, HMGB1）水平及其与病情、预后的关系。方法　回顾性分析2016年1月—2018年1月我院收治的120例HBV-ACLF患者的一般及临床资料。根据临床结局，将患者分为存活组（53例）和死亡组（67例）。比较2组患者的一般资料、实验室检查指标及血清miR-122、HMGB1水平。多因素Logistic回归分析影响患者预后的因素。Pearson检验分析miR-122、HMGB1水平分别与TBIL、PA、终末期肝病评分模型（the model of end-stage liver disease score, MELD）评分的相关性。ROC曲线分析miR-122和HMGB1水平对患者的死亡预测价值，获得最佳临界值。根据临界值将患者分为A组、B组和C组，用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线，比较3组患者在3年随访期间的生存率。结果　存活组和死亡组患者的年龄、身体质量指数、并发症、病情分期、MELD评分、ALB、球蛋白、TBIL、ALT、AST、LDH、PT、PTA、HBV DNA、miR-122、HMGB1相比，差异均具有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。年龄、并发症、病情分期、MELD评分、TBIL、PT、PTA、miR-122、HMGB1均是影响患者预后的危险因素（P均＜0.05）。miR-122、HMGB1水平分别与TBIL、MELD评分呈显著正相关，与PTA呈显著负相关（P均＜0.05）。miR-122和HMGB1预测患者死亡的最佳临界值分别为31.42和14.56 μg/L。A组患者预后3年内生存率显著高于B组和C组（P均＜0.05）。结论　miR-122和HMGB1水平与HBV-ACLF患者的病情和死亡预后密切相关，可间接反映患者的病情严重程度，在HBV-ACLF的诊断及预后中具有重要价值。