弥散张量成像对胶质瘤手术风险的评估

Objective To elucidate the clinical significance of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) mainly used for protecting neurological functions in patients with gliomas. Methods Thirty - eight patients with gliomas were recruited to undergo DTI test and assess the status of neurological functions before and after surgery. According to the relationships between gliomas and adjacent white matter(WM) tracts, DTI can be classfied as the following types : type Ⅰ - displacement; type Ⅱ - Infiltration; type Ⅲ - Disruption. The neurological functions before surgery were compared in three groups,as well as the change of neurological functions after surgery was also compared in three groups. Results There were 14 cases in type Ⅰ , 16 cases in type Ⅱ, and 8 cases in type Ⅲ. There were significant difference between DTI types and preoperative neurological functions, as well as between DTI types and the change of postoperative neurological functions ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions DTI allows to visualizate the relationships of gliomas and adjacent WM tracts, which represent the different growth patterns of gliomas. It is useful for neurosurgeons to select suitable surgical approaches and determine appropriate extent of resection.     

阿司匹林对大鼠脊髓损伤细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的 观察阿司匹林对大鼠慢性压迫性脊髓损伤后神经细胞凋亡及神经功能恢复的影响。方法选择65只体重为220～250g的Wistar大鼠（雌雄不限），于T10部位置入后路渐进式压迫装置，制作成慢性压迫性脊髓损伤模型。随机分为阿司匹林治疗组（A组，30只）、生理盐水对照组（B组，30只）和假手术组（C组，5只）。应用原位末端脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶介导dUTP标记技术，分别于慢性压迫性脊髓损伤后1、3、7、14、28d做行为学评价，并取材对脊髓损伤区进行细胞凋亡检测。结果A、B组均发现细胞凋亡，A组与B组细胞凋亡率相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05），A组与B组行为学评价相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05），神经细胞凋亡情况与运动功能改变具有相关性。结论 阿司匹林对慢性脊髓压迫损伤后所导致的神经细胞凋亡产生抑制作用。     

IL-1Ra基因多态性在冠心病病人心血管事件中的作用

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂(interleukin-1 receptor antagonist,IL-1Ra)基因多态性与冠心病患病率及心血管事件发生的关系.方法 利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术对220例冠心病患者及100例正常对照者IL-1Ra基因进行扩增;检测冠心病患者的高敏感性C反应蛋白、血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白和体重指数;所有冠心病患者随访12个月,了解患者在出院后1年内的心血管事件.结果 冠心病患者和正常人的IL-1Ra基因多态性分布的差别没有统计学意义;出院后未发生心血管事件的冠心病患者Ⅱ型基因型携带率高于其他基因型.结论 监测IL-1Ra基因多态性不能预测冠心病的发生;但其多态性中Ⅱ型基因对已患冠心病患者的预后有一定保护作用.     

Transforming growth factor alpha treatment alters intracellular calcium levels in hair cells and protects them from ototoxic damage in vitro

To determine if transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) pretreatment protects hair cells from aminoglycoside induced injury by modifying their intracellular calcium concentration, we assayed hair cell calcium levels in organ of Corti explants both before and after aminoglycoside (i.e. neomycin, 10⁻³M) exposure either with or without growth factor pretreatment. After TGFα (500ng/ml) treatment, the intracellular calcium level of hair cells showed a five-fold increase as compared to the levels observed in the hair cells of control cultures. After ototoxin exposure, calcium levels in hair cells of control explants showed an increase relative to their baseline levels, while in the presence of growth factors pretreatment, hair cells showed a relative reduction in calcium levels. Pretreatment of organ of Corti explants afforded significant protection of hair cell stereocilia bundle morphology from ototoxic damage when compared to explants exposed to ototoxin alone. This study correlates a rise in hair cell calcium levels with the otoprotection of hair cells by TGFα in organ of Corti explants.     

Myocardial protection in adult cardiac surgery: current options and future challenges

Current techniques of myocardial protection are evolving with the use of less conventional modalities of cardioplegia and have reduced the morbidity and mortality of cardiac operations. Blood cardioplegic solutions appear superior to cold cardioplegia in terms of myocardial protection and adjuncts as glutamate/aspartate enhancement, antioxidant supplementation, nitric oxide donors and maintenance of calcium homeostasis seem effective. In the near future, further experimental and clinical investigations about pharmacological preconditioning, sodium–hydrogen exchangers inhibition and gene therapy need to be addressed to well define their potential role in the improvement of current techniques of myocardial protection that are suboptimal in high-risk clinical settings.     

温血诱导及终未再灌注对未成熟心肌保护的实验研究

为研究温血停搏液（谷氨酸加天门冬氨酸强化）诱导停跳和主动脉开放前再灌注的未成熟心肌保护的效果。用12只新西兰幼免（3～4周），体重450～550g，随机分成2组：冷血停搏液（谷氨酸加天门冬氨酸强化）组（Ⅰ组，n＝6）；温血停搏浪诱导及再灌注血组（Ⅱ组，n＝6）。结果：1．心功能；CO±dp0／dt恢复百分率Ⅱ组明显优于Ⅰ组（P＜0．01）；LVSP恢复百分率Ⅱ组优于Ⅰ组（P＜0．05）。2．LDH和CK漏出量（U／l）Ⅱ组明显优于Ⅰ组（P＜0．01）；3。心肌含水量（％）Ⅱ组优于Ⅰ组（P＜0．01）；4．心肌结构保护Ⅱ组明显优于Ⅰ组。本实验提示：温血诱导停跳与主动脉开放前温血再灌注对于未成熟心肌有良好的心肌保护效果。     

Synthesis of the very acid-sensitive Fmoc-Cys(Mmt)-OH and its application in solid-phase peptide synthesis

S-4-methoxytrityl cysteine was synthesized and converted into the corresponding Fmoc-Cys(Mmt)-OH by its reaction with Fmoc-OSu. As compared to the corresponding Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH, the S-Mmt-function was found to be considerably more acid labile. Quantitative S-Mmt-removal occurs selectively in the presence of groups of the tert butyl type and S-Trt by treatment with 0.5–1.0% TFA. The new derivative was successfully utilized in the SPPS of Tyr¹-somatostatin on 2-chlorotrityl resin. In this synthesis groups of the Trt-type were exclusively used for amino acid side-chain protection. Quantitative cleavage from the resin and complete deprotection was performed by treatment with 3% TFA in DCM–TES (95:5) for 30 min at RT. We observed no reduction of tryptophan under these conditions. © Munksgaard 1996.     

老年亚健康状态与中医药保健

人体精气充沛，动作不衰为健康的状态。“老年亚健康状态”亦即老人较青年人偏衰的状态，时老年人除体力外，精神心理状态也是一个重要的方面。人类衰老的亚健康状态的进程，实际上就是整体健康状态——五脏气血逐渐降低的过程，其发展与演变有着肝→心→脾→肺→肾的次序递进关系。老年亚健康状态的摄生原则概括起来有：①顺应自然；②精神调摄；③饮食调养；④体育锻炼。部分老年人因其五脏气衰随年龄的增加，可伴有五脏相应的老年性病证，重在调五脏益元气。对于老年调元益气的药物疗法，宜顺其五脏五行、四时生长化收藏之气而调之。     

地氟醚与NO预处理对大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的建立在体大鼠肺缺血再灌注(I-R)损伤模型，观察吸人20ppmNO和／或1．3MAC地氟醚预处理对大鼠肺I-R损伤的作用。方法60只SD大鼠随机分为五组，假手术组、I-R组、地氟醚 I-R组、iNO I-R组及地氟醚 iNO I-R组。各组在缺血后与再灌注3h分别处死6只大鼠，检测肺组织IL-10、IL-1β、TNF-α以及ICAM-1表达，MDA、MPO含量和肺组织湿干重比。结果与假手术组相比，肺I-R后IL-10、IL-1β及TNF-α等细胞因子生成明显增加，ICAM-1呈显著上调，MDA与MPO显著升高，肺水含量增加。吸入NO和地氟醚均可在一定程度上抑制肺I-R后IL-1β和TNF-α的生成，降低ICAM-1的上调，减少MDA和MPO生成，同时抑制IL-10生成。结论吸人地氟醚和／或NO抑制促炎细胞因子以及黏附分子的表达，同时对抗炎因子也有明显抑制作用，对肺I-R损伤起到保护作用；但两者联合应用并未呈现显著的协同作用。