放射性脑坏死的影像学特征及手术治疗

目的总结放射性脑坏死的影像学特点及手术治疗经验。方法回顾性分析19例经手术治疗的放射性脑坏死病人的临床资料,其中鼻咽癌放疗后13例,行切除坏死病灶或部分切除坏死病灶联合颞极切除及颞肌下减压;其他肿瘤6例,行部分切除坏死病灶及去骨瓣减压。结果术后随访6～72个月,头痛症状消失13例,偏侧肢体麻木及偏瘫症状好转6例,癫疒间发作次数减少5例。无严重手术并发症。结论对保守治疗无效的放射性脑坏死,手术可迅速缓解病人颅内压增高症状,治疗效果满意。     

磁共振T2Flair像下扩大切除脑胶质母细胞瘤对预后的影响

目的 探究在磁共振T2Flair序列范围下扩大对脑胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)的切除对患者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析41例在唤醒麻醉下进行颅内GBM切除的患者,其中17例MRI T2Flair序列范围下扩大切除脑GBM(观察组),24例T1增强像下切除GBM(对照组).所有病例手术过程中应用术中神经导航结合DTI、皮层电刺激、术中超声、术中肿瘤荧光造影等多种辅助手段,术后病理均确诊为GBM.所有患者随访至2017年1月.结果 对照组24例T1增强病灶均全部切除,术后无患者出现神经功能障碍,17例T2Flair切除GBM患者,中位生存时间为30.45个月,对照组中位生存时间为15.37个月,两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.16,P=0.013).结论 唤醒麻醉下应用术中神经导航结合DTI、皮层电刺激、术中超声、术中肿瘤荧光造影等多种辅助手段有效保障了颅内GBM患者的手术安全性,提高了T1增强像的病灶全切率,可以最大安全范围完成T2Flair的扩大切除,可明显延长GBM患者的生存期.     

弥散张量成像对胶质瘤手术风险的评估

Objective To elucidate the clinical significance of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) mainly used for protecting neurological functions in patients with gliomas. Methods Thirty - eight patients with gliomas were recruited to undergo DTI test and assess the status of neurological functions before and after surgery. According to the relationships between gliomas and adjacent white matter(WM) tracts, DTI can be classfied as the following types : type Ⅰ - displacement; type Ⅱ - Infiltration; type Ⅲ - Disruption. The neurological functions before surgery were compared in three groups,as well as the change of neurological functions after surgery was also compared in three groups. Results There were 14 cases in type Ⅰ , 16 cases in type Ⅱ, and 8 cases in type Ⅲ. There were significant difference between DTI types and preoperative neurological functions, as well as between DTI types and the change of postoperative neurological functions ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions DTI allows to visualizate the relationships of gliomas and adjacent WM tracts, which represent the different growth patterns of gliomas. It is useful for neurosurgeons to select suitable surgical approaches and determine appropriate extent of resection.     

前颅底肿瘤的手术治疗-85例回顾性分析

目的 探讨在对前颅底肿瘤实施显微手术时,手术入路的选择和颅底重建的原则.方法 回顾性总结前颅底肿瘤患者85例的临床资料.借助术前影像学(CT和MR)资料,准确评估肿瘤的部位、大小、性质和周边组织受累情况等,从而选择合理且熟悉的手术入路.术中尽可能在显微镜辅助下对肿瘤进行微创切除,降低术后致残率和病死率.并根据肿瘤切除后颅底结构的缺损程度决定相关的修复方案.结果 85例患者中经冠状开颅(包括半冠)入路的26例.经改良翼点入路的38例,经额眶入路的13例,经额、鼻窦联合入路的9例.肿瘤镜下全切除的79例,次全切除4例,部分切除2例.术后有83例患者的临床症状获得不同程度的缓解,无手术死亡病例.13例患者的肿瘤发生远期复发,其病理性质以恶性为主.所有颅底脑膜缺损的患者匀在一期重建,采用自体肌腱膜或人工脑膜加生物胶进行严密修复.对小于3 cm的颅底骨质缺损一般不实施重建,有5例患者的骨性缺损大于3 cm,采用了人工材料(硅橡胶为主)进行重建.全部患者中有4例在术后发生短暂的脑脊液漏,均通过保守治疗而愈合.结论根据肿瘤的大小、部位和周边组织的受累情况选择适当的入路,对肿瘤患者实施微创切除并在一期进行必要的颅底修复是治疗前颅底肿瘤的有效方法 .手术入路应尽量有利于病灶切除,并降低术后致残率和病死率,颅底重建时必须恢复硬脑膜的严密性,维持颅底组织的良好支撑,同时不干扰对肿瘤的术后复查和辅助治疗.     

弥散张量成像对胶质瘤手术风险的评估

目的 探讨弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)在胶质瘤手术中对于保护神经功能的临床价值.方法 38例胶质瘤患者手术前后行DTI检查和神经功能评价.根据胶质瘤与其邻近部位白质纤维束的影像学关系DTI可以被分为三种类型:Ⅰ类-挤压型,Ⅱ类-浸润型,Ⅲ类-破坏型.三组患者之间术前神经功能状态的差异以及三组患者之间术后神经功能改变情况的差异分别进行比较.结果Ⅰ类-挤压型14例,Ⅱ类-浸润型16例,Ⅲ类-破坏型8例.不同DTI类型患者的术前神经功能状态之间以及小同DTI类型患者的术后神经功能改变情况之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 DTI能够显示胶质瘤与临近的白质纤维束之间的关系,体现了胶质瘤不同的生长方式,它能够帮助神经外科医生选择更加安全的手术入路和决定肿瘤切除程度.     

弥散张量成像对胶质瘤手术风险的评估

Objective To elucidate the clinical significance of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) mainly used for protecting neurological functions in patients with gliomas. Methods Thirty - eight patients with gliomas were recruited to undergo DTI test and assess the status of neurological functions before and after surgery. According to the relationships between gliomas and adjacent white matter(WM) tracts, DTI can be classfied as the following types : type Ⅰ - displacement; type Ⅱ - Infiltration; type Ⅲ - Disruption. The neurological functions before surgery were compared in three groups,as well as the change of neurological functions after surgery was also compared in three groups. Results There were 14 cases in type Ⅰ , 16 cases in type Ⅱ, and 8 cases in type Ⅲ. There were significant difference between DTI types and preoperative neurological functions, as well as between DTI types and the change of postoperative neurological functions ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions DTI allows to visualizate the relationships of gliomas and adjacent WM tracts, which represent the different growth patterns of gliomas. It is useful for neurosurgeons to select suitable surgical approaches and determine appropriate extent of resection.     

弥散张量成像对胶质瘤手术风险的评估

Objective To elucidate the clinical significance of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) mainly used for protecting neurological functions in patients with gliomas. Methods Thirty - eight patients with gliomas were recruited to undergo DTI test and assess the status of neurological functions before and after surgery. According to the relationships between gliomas and adjacent white matter(WM) tracts, DTI can be classfied as the following types : type Ⅰ - displacement; type Ⅱ - Infiltration; type Ⅲ - Disruption. The neurological functions before surgery were compared in three groups,as well as the change of neurological functions after surgery was also compared in three groups. Results There were 14 cases in type Ⅰ , 16 cases in type Ⅱ, and 8 cases in type Ⅲ. There were significant difference between DTI types and preoperative neurological functions, as well as between DTI types and the change of postoperative neurological functions ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions DTI allows to visualizate the relationships of gliomas and adjacent WM tracts, which represent the different growth patterns of gliomas. It is useful for neurosurgeons to select suitable surgical approaches and determine appropriate extent of resection.     

自体组织修补脑肿瘤术中硬脑膜缺损

目的探讨脑肿瘤术中自体组织修补硬脑膜缺损的取材和应用技巧。方法回顾性分析2000年7月至2006年12月间,在我院行脑肿瘤术中硬膜修补的患者的临床资料,总结自体组织和人工生物材料修补应用的方法、效果、并发症等。结果共实施手术999例,其中122例患者用其自体头皮帽状腱膜下层、颅骨骨膜、大腿阔筋膜及硬脑膜外层修补,术中硬脑膜缺损均满意修复,无感染、头皮下积液、脑脊液漏等并发症,随访6个月以上无不良反应。43例用人工生物材料修补的患者,有2例出现发热、头皮炎症反应,需二次手术取出。结论自体组织经济实用,并发症少,基本上可以满足硬脑膜修补的需要,临床上应尽量采用。     

自体组织修补脑肿瘤术中硬脑膜缺损

目的探讨脑肿瘤术中自体组织修补硬脑膜缺损的取材和应用技巧。方法回顾性分析2000年7月至2006年12月间，在我院行脑肿瘤术中硬膜修补的患者的临床资料，总结自体组织和人工生物材料修补应用的方法、效果、并发症等。结果共实施手术999例、其中122例患者用其自体头皮帽状腱膜下层、颅骨骨膜、大腿阔筋膜及硬脑膜外层修补，术中硬脑膜缺损均满意修复，无感染、头皮下积液、脑脊液漏等并发症，随访6个月以上无不良反应。43例用人工生物材料修补的患者，有2倒出现发热、头皮炎症反应，需二次手术取出。结论自体组织经济实用，并发症少，基本上可以满足硬脑膜修补的需要，临床上应尽量采用。     

弥散张量成像对胶质瘤手术风险的评估

Objective To elucidate the clinical significance of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) mainly used for protecting neurological functions in patients with gliomas. Methods Thirty - eight patients with gliomas were recruited to undergo DTI test and assess the status of neurological functions before and after surgery. According to the relationships between gliomas and adjacent white matter(WM) tracts, DTI can be classfied as the following types : type Ⅰ - displacement; type Ⅱ - Infiltration; type Ⅲ - Disruption. The neurological functions before surgery were compared in three groups,as well as the change of neurological functions after surgery was also compared in three groups. Results There were 14 cases in type Ⅰ , 16 cases in type Ⅱ, and 8 cases in type Ⅲ. There were significant difference between DTI types and preoperative neurological functions, as well as between DTI types and the change of postoperative neurological functions ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions DTI allows to visualizate the relationships of gliomas and adjacent WM tracts, which represent the different growth patterns of gliomas. It is useful for neurosurgeons to select suitable surgical approaches and determine appropriate extent of resection.