兔肝VX2肿瘤模型的建立及影像学研究现状

VX2肿瘤细胞株是一种可移植的肿瘤细胞株,可接种到兔的肝脏、肾脏等部位,建立原位肿瘤动物模型。兔VX2肝癌模型是目前较常用的实验性动物肝癌模型,本文就兔肝VX2肿瘤模型的建立和影像学表现进行综述。     

伴肝转移的Ⅳ期胃癌手术方式的合理选择

目的探讨不同手术方式对伴肝转移的Ⅳ期胃癌患者的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析1993-2004年间102例伴肝转移的Ⅳ期胃癌病例的手术方式,评价不同术式对预后的影响。结果肝转移H1的胃癌病例行姑息切除后半年、1年和2年的生存率分别为69%、44%和6%,与改道手术、开腹探查术者的生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。肝转移H2的胃癌病例姑息切除术后半年、1年和2年的生存率分别为56%、13%和6%,与改道手术、开腹探查术者的生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.068)。肝转移H3的胃癌病例行姑息切除半年、1年和2年的生存率分别为25%、13%和0,与改道手术、开腹探查术者的生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.157)。有或无腹膜转移的病例,其术后生存率比较,差异亦无统计学意义(P=0.132)。结论肝转移H1的胃癌患者,无论伴与不伴腹膜转移,均应尽量行姑息性切除手术。肝转移H2、H3的Ⅳ期胃癌患者行切除性手术无益于预后。     

门静脉注射白细胞介素-12治疗肝转移肿瘤的实验研究

目的　探讨通过门静脉系统局部应用白细胞介素 12 (IL 12 )对于肝转移肿瘤的治疗作用。方法　通过门静脉注射 2× 10 5个MCA 2 0 5肿瘤细胞建立小鼠肝转移肿瘤模型 ,同时脾脏被移植到皮下 ,作为反复多次向门静脉系统注射的途径。第 3～ 7天 ,0 1μgIL 12通过腹腔或脾脏注射 ,同时对照组中通过脾脏注射等体积的平衡盐水。第 2 1天检查肝转移肿瘤的情况。结果　在肝转移模型中 ,IL 12腹腔注射组和IL 12脾脏注射组的肝脏重量 (1 33± 0 0 8)g和 (1 2 9± 0 0 7)g明显小于对照组 (1 92± 0 17)g ,P <0 0 5 ,IL 12腹腔注射组和IL 12脾脏注射组的肝脏转移结节数目 (1 5 3± 0 5 8,0 6 0± 0 89)明显少于对照组 (18 2 5± 5 71,P <0 0 5 )。在IL 12脾脏注射组中 (n =6 ) ,3只小鼠的肝脏肿瘤完全消失。结论　通过门静脉系统局部应用IL 12是治疗肝转移肿瘤的有效方法。     

Clinical parameters that predict histology of postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node mass in testicular cancer

BACKGROUND: Since the advent of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, the majority of metastatic testicular cancers can be cured by chemotherapy followed by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). However, postchemotherapy RPLND confers no therapeutic benefit if the residual mass contains no viable cells. Therefore, to determine which parameters predict a patient's likelihood of having only necrosis in the residual mass, we retrospectively analyzed clinical parameters of patients who underwent postchemotherapy RPLND. METHODS: Data from 27 patients with metastatic testicular cancer were analyzed. The histology of the primary tumor was seminoma in 11 cases and non-seminoma in 16 cases. All of the patients with non-seminoma showed a normalization of tumor markers after chemotherapy. Analysis of clinical parameters included data for the initial histology, pretreatment tumor marker levels, postchemotherapy retroperitoneal mass size, and the histology of the dissected RPLNs. RESULTS: Histological examination of dissected RPLNs showed residual tumor in 27% of seminoma patients and 38% of non-seminoma patients. In seminoma patients, no viable cells were found in all six patients with pretreatment lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels below 7.5 times the upper limit of normal, or in all five of the patients with postchemotherapy RPLNs less than 2.5 cm. In non-seminoma patients, no viable cells were found in nine of 10 patients with pretreatment alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels less than 2700 ng/mL, or in eight of nine patients with residual mass less than 2.5 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Both postchemotherapy RPLN mass size and pretreatment tumor marker levels are possible predictors for necrosis of the residual mass in testicular cancer patients.     

环氧化酶-2表达与胃癌淋巴管生成及淋巴结转移的关系

目的研究环氧化酶-2(COX-2)与血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)在胃癌中的表达及其与胃癌临床病理因素间的关系,并评价上述两指标与肿瘤新生淋巴管和淋巴结转移之间的相关性。方法采用免疫组织化学(免疫组化)染色法,检测63例胃癌原发灶标本COX-2与VEGF-C蛋白的表达情况,并用淋巴管内皮细胞特异性抗体LYVE-1行免疫组化染色,观察肿瘤组织淋巴管生成状况。结果所测63例胃癌组织中,COX-2及VEGF-C的表达阳性率分别为66.7%(42/63)和52.4%(33/63),35例标本(55.6%)中可检测到LYVE-1阳性的肿瘤新生淋巴管。COX-2表达与VEGF-C表达、肿瘤新生淋巴管形成及淋巴结转移等临床病理指标间呈明显相关关系(P<0.05);但与患者性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、Lauren分型及有无浆膜浸润等无明显相关。结论胃癌组织中,COX-2表达与VEGF-C表达状态、肿瘤淋巴管生成和淋巴结转移均呈明显相关。COX-2可能通过上调VEGF-C表达,促进胃癌淋巴管生成,并顺次导致淋巴结转移的发生。     

结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗

目的探讨结直肠癌肝转移的外科手术适应证和疗效,以及临床病理因素对其预后的影响。方法回顾性分析1991年1月至2000年12月间施行肝切除术的61例结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床资料。结果结直肠癌肝转移切除术后1、3、5年生存率分别为72.1%、58.1%和26.0%,术后出现并发症8例,20例肝转移灶有假包膜形成。结直肠癌Dukes分期、病理类型、转移灶数目、假包膜形成对术后生存率有影响(P<0.05)。术后综合治疗者3年生存率明显优于无综合治疗者(P<0.05)。肝转移灶大小及其切除时间并不影响患者预后(P>0.05)。结论临床病理分期早、肿瘤分化程度高、转移灶数目不超过3个、肿瘤假包膜形成及术后综合治疗预示结直肠癌肝转移切除患者有较好的预后。     

Liver and lung resection for colorectal metastasis

Aim: To examine the survival benefit of liver and lung resection for colorectal metastasis and the potential prognostic factors that affect patient survival. Methods: All patients who had resection of lung or liver metastasis for colorectal metastasis in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong from 1995 to 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. The overall and disease‐free survival was analysed, in particularly between liver and lung metastasis. All factors that may have affected the survival were entered into Cox's proportional hazards regression model to identify significant variables associated with survival. Results: At 5 years, the overall survival of patients who had resection of lung and liver metastasis was 44% and 38%, respectively; the disease‐free survival was 26% and 24%, respectively. Overall and disease‐free survival of patients with resection of lung metastasis was comparable to those with resection of liver metastasis. The differentiations of primary tumour and time to metastasis were shown to be significant prognostic factors influencing overall survival. Those patients with systemic chemotherapy after resection of colorectal metastasis demonstrated a significantly higher probability of overall survival. Conclusion: Resection of lung and liver metastases from colorectal origin was safe and both procedures improved survival. The use of chemotherapy after resection of metastasis significantly improved the overall survival.     

结肠直肠癌肝转移的诊断和外科治疗体会

目的 探讨结肠直肠癌肝转移的诊疗方法及影响其预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析我院1991年1月～2006年1月收治的113例结肠直肠癌肝转移病人的临床资料.结果 全组总的1、3、5年生存率分别为91.6%、34.3%和23.1%.同时性肝转移病人的生存率明显高于异时性肝转移病人(P＜0.01).同时性肝转移病人Ⅰ期手术和Ⅱ期手术的生存率无显著性差异(P＞0.05).肝转移瘤最大直径＞5cm者的5年生存率较最大直径≤5cm者低,两者有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 外科手术是结肠直肠癌肝转移的首选治疗方法,新辅助化疗已成为术前准备的一部分.     

Immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin D, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and epidermal growth factor receptor in human breast carcinoma analysed by computer image analyser: correlation with histological grade and metastatic behaviour

 

Aims:

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin D (CD), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) in 65 cases of breast carcinoma in Japanese women and traditional prognostic factors such as histological grade, lymph node status, mitotic rate and clinical stage, in order to possibly identify some indicator(s) that may be specifically associated with prognosis.  

Methods and results:

Serial sections of 5-μm thick were cut from the archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, and processed for CD, PCNA and EGF-R immunostaining. The results were analysed by computer-based image analysis system. All samples showed a positive immunoreaction for cathepsin D in both the parenchyma and stroma. However, the staining area and intensity varied from cell to cell in the parenchyma and stroma as well as among samples. Subsequently, the evaluation of immunostaining for CD was separately performed in both the parenchyma and stroma (CDpar and CDstr, respectively) and the combination of both components (CDtotal). PCNA and EGF-R showed positive immunostaining almost exclusively in the parenchymal component of the carcinoma tissue specimens. CDtotal significantly correlated with the histological grade, PCNA index (PI), mitotic rate (MR), EGF-R and lymph node metastasis. Significant correlation was also demonstrated between CDpar and the histological grade, EGF-R and lymph node metastasis, or between CDstr and MR, EGF-R and lymph node metastasis. EGF-R correlated highly with the histological grade, MR score, lymph node metastases and recurrence-free survival.  

Conclusions:

Both the CD parameters and EGF-R are valuable indicators for predicting the biological behaviour of human breast carcinoma.