川芎提取物等口服吸收促进剂对白芷在大鼠肠道吸收的作用

目的 考察川芎提取物及吸收促进剂对欧前胡素和异欧前胡素在大鼠结肠吸收过程的影响,比较川芎提取物与其他4种吸收促进剂的促吸收作用.方法 利用大鼠在体单向肠灌流模型,采用HPLC法测定欧前胡素和异欧前胡素质量分数,分别考察癸酸钠、泊洛沙姆、羟丙基-β-环糊精、去氧胆酸钠和川芎提取物对目标化合物吸收的促进作用.结果 质量分数1.5％川芎提取物和1.0％癸酸钠能显著提高欧前胡素的肠道吸收速率,最高促渗比分别为8.8和8.0;其次为质量分数0.2％去氧胆酸钠、5.0％泊洛沙姆和5.0％HP-β-环糊精,最高促渗比分别为7.7、4.7和3.6.各种吸收促进剂对异欧前胡素在肠道的吸收均有一定影响,但与欧前胡素并不同步.结论 川芎提取物和癸酸钠可作为欧前胡素口服制剂的吸收促进剂使用,中药川芎配伍白芷使用是合理有效的.     

附子大黄配伍对阳虚便秘动物的治疗作用及其机制研究

[目的]探讨附子大黄配伍对阳虚便秘动物的治疗作用及其机制。[方法]观察附子大黄不同配伍比例对阳虚便秘小鼠、大鼠的排便时间、排便量、小肠推进作用的影响；对阳虚便秘大鼠血中胃动素（MOT）、促胃液素（Gas）、内皮素（ET）、生长抑素（Ss）、P物质（SP）及肠神经递质血管活性肠肽（VIP）、乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）的影响。[结果]与模型组比较，附子大黄配伍组动物的首粒排便时间显著缩短，3h内排便粒数显著增加，小肠推进率明显提高，其疗效优于附子单煎剂或大黄单煎剂；附子大黄配伍组动物血中MOT、Gas、ET、AchE显著升高。[结论]附子大黄配伍对阳虚便秘动物具有确切的治疗作用，其作用机制可能与其干预胃肠激素及肠神经递质的分泌有关。     

甘肃产马尾连药材质量标准提升研究

目的 完善和提高马尾连药材质量标准,为进一步开发马尾连药材提供基础。方法 在市场调研的基础上,采集和收集样品,并查阅馆藏标本,进行对比研究,掌握当前市场商品情况;利用薄层色谱法对马尾连进行定性鉴别,同时建立HPLC法测定马尾连药材中盐酸小檗碱的含量测定方法。结果 甘肃产马尾连主要来源于贝加尔唐松草Thalictrum baicalense Turez.的干燥根;薄层色谱分离良好,斑点清晰;盐酸小檗碱在5.0～160.0μg?mL_^-1范围内线性关系良好,精密度、重复性、稳定性试验 RSD均小于1.8%,平均加样回收率为101.99%(RSD=2.53%,n=6)。结论 本研究所建立方法简单、准确,可用于马尾连药材的质量控制。     

不同直径半夏药材的质量差异比较研究

目的:考察不同直径半夏药材的质量差异,为其资源的合理利用提供参考。方法:以来自国内四大药材市场、2家公司的65批商品半夏为样品,采用游标卡尺测定其直径后,用分药筛将其筛分为不同直径范围(0.5 cm≤d≤0.8 cm、0.8 cm0.05)。73批半夏对口药材的直径主要分布在0.6~1.8 cm之间,平均重量占比为95.54%。若以2015年版《中国药典》(一部)规定的直径标准(1~1.5 cm),73批半夏对口药材中仅8批符合要求,合格率为10.96%;若适当扩大直径范围为0.7~1.5 cm,有54批符合要求,合格率为73.97%;当直径范围扩大为0.7~1.6 cm时,有68批符合要求,合格率达93.15%。结论:不同直径的半夏药材之间质量无明显差异。结合各产地半夏的直径分布情况,可将相关标准中规定的直径大小由"1~1.5 cm"扩大为"0.7~1.6 cm",避免资源浪费。     

Phytochemistry,biological properties and quality control of Chuanxiong Rhizoma: a review

Chuanxiong Rhizoma is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine in the past 2000 years. Chuanxiong Rhizoma is composed of volatile oils, phthalide lactones, phenolic acids, polysaccharides and other compounds. To date, more than 149 compounds in Chuanxiong Rhizoma have been isolated and identified, and some of them have been reported to possess promising biological properties on cardiovascular and central nervous system disorders besides their anti-cancer and antioxidant effects. Modulation of inflammatory mediators and apoptotic factors are believed to contribute to its bioactivities. Analytical methods, such as HPLC, GC and UPLC, are employed for qualitative evaluation of Chuanxiong Rhizoma. In this work, harvest period, growing habitat, processing method and storage, which can affect the quality of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, were also discussed. Comprehensive quality control methods should be developed to ensure the safety, quality and efficacy use of Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Herein, we collected and analyzed the literature of Chuanxiong Rhizoma published on CNKI, ScienceDirect, Springer link, Wiley and PubMed in past two decades, and up-to-date information of Chuanxiong Rhizoma was provided in this paper. We suggested ligustilide, butylidenephthalide and total senkyunolides as the chemical markers to evaluate the quality of Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Additionally, the influences of soil conditions and processing methods on Chuanxiong Rhizoma as future research perspectives should also be further assessed.     

IgA肾病血瘀证及丹参治疗机制研究进展

通过对IgA肾病中西医治疗及丹参现代药理研究的相关文献进行收集、归纳、总结,分析丹参对IgA肾病的治疗机制,了解丹参在IgA肾病领域的应用价值。中医学认为血瘀在IgA肾病中占有举足轻重的地位,是重要的邪实之一,近于贯穿本病的始末,是影响本病发展转归的重要因素。西医认为IgA肾病多存在肾内小动脉病变。丹参对肾内小动脉有调节作用,主要体现在其有抗凝血、抑制血小板聚集、抗血栓形成的作用;同时现代药理研究表明丹参有抗肾小球硬化、改善肾脏微循环、延缓肾脏纤维化等功能,进而对肾脏有保护作用。参考文献40篇。     

Composition of Ophiopogon Polysaccharide, Notoginseng Total Saponins and Rhizoma Coptidis Alkaloids Inhibits Myocardial Apoptosis in Diabetic Atherosclerosis Rabbits

Objective: To investigate the effects of Composition of Ophiopogon polysaccharide, Notoginseng total saponins and Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids (CONR) on myocardial apoptosis of diabetic atherosclerosis (DA) rabbits Methods: Sixty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups [control group, model group, CONR high-dose group (450 mg/kg), CONR medium-dose group (150 mg/kg), CONR low-dose group (50 mg/kg), and simvastatin group] by using a completely random method, 10 in each group. DA model was established by intravenously injected alloxan combined with high-fat diet and abdominal aortic balloon injury. After mediation for 10 weeks, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (GHB), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), fructoseamine (FRA), aldose reductase (AR), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method; the expression of receptor of AGEs (RAGE) in myocardial tissue were observed by immunohistochemical method; and p-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) protein expression in myocardial tissue were measured by Western blotting. The myocardial apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTPnick-end labeling (TUNEL)method, and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated. Results: Compared with the control group, serum FBG, GHB, GSP, FRA, AR, AGEs and the expression of myocardium RAGE, p-JNK, caspase-3 proteins, as well as apoptosis index (AI) were significantly increased and bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of serum FBG, GHB, GSP, FRA and AR showed a significant decline in CONR high- and medium-dose groups (P<0.01). FBG and GHB showed a significant decline in CONR low-dose group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of serum AGEs and myocardium RAGE, p-JNK and caspase-3 protein as well as AI were significantly decreased and bcl-2 protein was significantly up-regulated in all treatment groups (P<0.01); high-dose CONR had the most significant effect on abovementioned indices compared with other treatment groups (P<0.01). Middle-dose CONR had better effect on serum AGEs compared with the low-dose group (P<0.01); middle-dose CONR and simvastatin groups had better effect on the expression of caspase-3, bcl-2 protein, myocardium apoptosis compared with the CONR low-dose group (P<0.01). Conclusion: CONR may effectively inhibit myocardial apoptosis on DA rabbits by intervening AGEs-RAGE and JNK, caspase-3, and bcl-2 protein expressions.     

苍术挥发油对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的改善作用

摘要：目的　研究苍术挥发油对溃疡性结肠炎（UC）模型大鼠的改善作用。方法　以5%的2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸灌肠建立UC大鼠模型。将模型大鼠按照随机数字表法分为模型组,阳性对照组（美沙拉嗪0.36 g/kg灌胃）,低、中、高剂量苍术挥发油组（分别以1、2、4 g/kg苍术挥发油灌胃）,每组10只。另设空白对照组大鼠10只（灌胃等体积蒸馏水）。各组大鼠每日给药（或蒸馏水）1次,连续10 d。记录各组大鼠模型制备前、给药前和末次给药后的体质量变化。末次给药后,取大鼠结肠组织,HE染色观察结肠病理改变,酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法检测白细胞介素（IL）-6和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α含量;实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qPCR）检测组织中自噬基因Beclin 1和P62 mRNA表达,Western blot法检测微管相关蛋白1轻链3（LC3）蛋白表达水平。结果　与空白对照组相比,模型组给药后体质量下降,结肠黏膜上皮细胞脱落,隐窝扭曲或萎缩,炎症细胞浸润;结肠组织中IL-6和TNF-α含量升高,Beclin 1和P62 mRNA表达水平升高（P＜0.05）;LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ蛋白表达无明显变化（P＞0.05）。与模型组相比,中、高剂量组和阳性对照组大鼠给药后体质量升高,结肠上皮细胞损伤减轻,结肠组织IL-6和TNF-α含量下降,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ表达升高;与模型组相比,高剂量组和阳性对照组Beclin 1和P62 mRNA表达明显升高（P＜0.05）。低剂量组与模型组相比,各指标变化差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　苍术挥发油能够改善UC模型大鼠结肠组织病理损伤,降低结肠组织IL-6、TNF-α含量,可能与上调Beclin1、P62 mRNA表达和LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ蛋白的表达量有关。     

半夏曲炮制中4种优势微生物的生理生化特性及黄色素含量测定

目的研究半夏曲中4种优势微生物的生理生化特性,测定炮制过程中不同时间点各样本的黄色素含量,为揭示半夏曲炮制机制奠定基础。方法以半夏曲中筛选出的4株优势菌枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillussubtilis、宛氏拟青霉Paecilomyces variotii、丝衣霉菌Byssochlamys spectabilis、黑曲霉Aspergillus niger为研究对象,分别测定它们的最适宜生长温度、pH值,利用糖类的产酸能力以及产淀粉酶、蛋白酶、黄色素的能力,同时测定半夏曲炮制过程中5个不同时间点样本的黄色素含量。结果枯草芽孢杆菌、宛氏拟青霉、丝衣霉菌、黑曲霉生长的最适温度分别为35℃、29℃、29～31℃、39℃,最适pH值分别为7.0、7.0、7.5、7.0。4种菌均具有产淀粉酶和蛋白酶的能力,宛氏拟青霉、丝衣霉菌具有产黄色素能力。5个不同时间点样品的黄色素质量分数分别为69.875、69.875、71.750、119.500、137.875μg/g。结论 4种优势微生物在半夏曲炮制中可能起重要作用。     

基于网络药理学探讨独活-羌活-细辛治疗膝骨关节炎的作用机制*

目的 基于网络药理学的方法分析和预测独活-羌活-细辛治疗膝骨关节炎可能的作用机制。方法 利用TCMSP数据库获取独活、羌活、细辛的活性成分及靶点,与CTD、NCBI等数据库获取的膝骨关节炎疾病基因靶点映射,构建药物-活性成分-疾病靶点网络。进行MCODE聚类分析,通过Omicshare云平台和DAVID数据库GO、KEGG通路富集分析。结果 从3味药中共筛选出了36个活性成分及205个靶点,主要有山柰酚、 β-谷甾醇、芝麻脂素、异紫花前胡苷等关键成分,AKT1、ESR1、JUN、CASP3等为关键靶点,核心基因有NOS3、ESR1、COX1、NR1I2,关键的生物进程和通路有类固醇激素反应性、活性氧代谢过程、AGE-RAGE通路和TNF通路。结论 独活-羌活-细辛可能通过多成分、多靶点网络来治疗膝骨关节炎。