基于“证治代谢组学”假说探讨中药（单体/复方）药效物质基础的研究思路与实践＊

中药(单体/复方)药效物质基础研究是中医药现代研究的关键问题之一。然而,目前运用的生化和分子生物学方法很难诠释其多靶点、整体性和动态性的整合调节作用。课题组提出的"证治代谢组学"假说理论指出,不同的证候存在"证相关代谢谱群"和"证相关生物标志物",这可能是中药药效物质基础所在,辨证论治后偏离的代谢网络功能呈现回归趋势。基于"证治代谢组学"假说开展中药(单体/复方)药效物质基础研究,这将为阐释中药(单体/复方)防病治病和养生保健的科学内涵及其对疾病个体的整合调节作用提供新的思路。本文以冠心病为研究载体、气阴虚血瘀证为切入点、活血保心丸为干预措施,就该研究思路的内涵与总体模式、提出的背景与依据、实践的方式与可行性、创新与特色及其研究意义等进行了简要介绍。     

内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床护理模式探讨

目的:探究下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)行内膜下血管成形术(SIA)治疗时的临床护理模式及应用效果。方法:选取84例ASO患者随机分为A组(42例,围术期优质护理模式)与B组(42例,一般护理模式)。对比护理前后两组患者患侧缺血情况、恢复速度、并发症。结果:护理前两组踝肱指数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理后均升高,A组远高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组术后下床活动时间、住院时间远短于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组并发症出现率远低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:ASO行SIA治疗时应用围术期优质护理模式可促进患者患侧缺血情况的改善,加快恢复速度,减少并发症。     

现代医院管理最亟须的特质是“精准”

医院的精细化管理,就等于精准、高效的管理吗?我们到底需要怎样的现代医院管理?现阶段,我国医院管理最主要、最急需的特质是精准,包括精准站位、精准定位、精准走位和精准落位。准确政治站位,需要始终牢记“为了谁、依靠谁”。党的十九大报告中,明确指出实施健康中国战略,要完善国民健康政策,为人民群众提供全方位、全周期的健康服务。     

游泳运动对胰岛素抵抗大鼠脂肪组织中MEK/ERK1磷酸化水平的影响

目的 探究慢性和急性游泳运动对肥胖诱导的胰岛素抵抗大鼠脂肪组织中丝裂原活化细胞外信号调节激酶(MEK)和细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1)磷酸化水平的影响。方法 100只清洁级雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(10只,普通饲料喂养)和高脂组(90只,高脂饲料喂养)。喂养8周后,从高脂组中筛选出体重上游1/3大鼠(30只)并随机分为3组:高脂安静组、高脂慢性运动组和高脂急性运动组,每组10只,高脂饲料再喂养8周,并根据运动方案进行运动干预;对照组继续喂食普通饲料8周。运动干预后,取内脏脂肪组织,Western Blot方法检测MEK和ERK1的磷酸化水平。结果 慢性运动干预显著降低了胰岛素抵抗大鼠的体重、内脏脂肪质量和脂体比(P<0.01),急性运动对大鼠体重、内脏脂肪质量和脂体比影响无统计学意义。两种运动干预均显著改善了机体胰岛素敏感性(P<0.05),降低了脂肪组织MEK和ERK1的磷酸化水平(P<0.01)。结论 运动改善肥胖诱导的胰岛素抵抗可能与抑制脂肪组织中MEK和ERK1的磷酸化有关。     

胞宫胞脉胞络理论与子宫内膜容受性关系探析

胞宫胞脉胞络理论是中医基于脏腑理论对女子生殖功能的基本认识.子宫体、宫颈、卵巢、输卵管、盆壁及其相关的血管、神经、韧带及受体当属胞宫、胞脉、胞络功能范畴.胞脉和胞络属于胞官的一部分.胞脉、胞络将脏腑化生之气血全面布散于胞官,心、肾通过胞脉、胞络与胞官相联系."精满" "血足"是良好子宫内膜环境的体现.肾气亏损,胞脉失疏,冲任不充,胞官瘀滞,藏泻失序,表现为子宫内膜较薄及血供不足,不利于孕卵的着床.治疗子宫内膜容受性低下应予补肾气,通胞脉,自拟二补助育汤,可以改善子宫内膜血液循环,增加子宫内膜厚度,提高辅助妊娠成功率.     

子宫内膜异位症组织细胞超微结构、细胞凋亡变化及Rac1、Cdc42表达的意义

目的探究子宫内膜异位症(EMs)组织细胞超微结构、细胞凋亡变化及Rac1、Cdc42的表达意义,为子宫内膜异位症的治疗寻找新的靶点。方法选取30例卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿患者的异位囊肿组织作为EMs异位内膜组,对应的30例增生期子宫内膜组织作为EMs在位内膜组,另选择30例正常增生期子宫内膜组织作为正常组。电镜下观察子宫内膜细胞超微结构,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,免疫组化Envision法检测子宫内膜组织中Rac1、Cdc42表达情况并进行半定量分析,Western blot定量和实时定量PCR法分别检测子宫内膜组织中Rac1、Cdc42蛋白表达情况和Rac1、Cdc42 mRNA表达情况。结果相对于正常组,EMs异位内膜组和EMs在位内膜组细胞超微结构上均存在不同程度的凋亡异常改变,以细胞核、细胞器形态结构异常最为明显。EMs异位内膜组和EMs在位内膜组细胞凋亡率均明显低于正常组(P均0.05),EMs异位内膜组和EMs在位内膜组比较差异无统计学意义。免疫组化与Western blot检测结果显示,Rac1、Cdc42相对表达量EMs异位内膜组明显高于EMs在位内膜组(P均0.05),EMs在位内膜组明显高于正常组(P均0.05)。实时定量PCR检测结果显示,Rac1、Cdc42 mRNA相对表达量EMs异位内膜组明显高于EMs在位内膜组(P均0.05),EMs在位内膜组明显高于正常组(P均0.05)。结论子宫内膜异位症组织细胞超微结构异常,细胞凋亡减少,且组织中存在Rac1、Cdc42大量表达,其信号途径可能参与子宫内膜异位症发生、转移,为子宫内膜异位症的治疗提供了新的靶点。     

基于子宫内膜异位症与恶性肿瘤的相关性探析补肾化瘀法作用机制及中医理论依据

子宫内膜异位症其异位内膜组织虽然在形态学上呈良性表现，却具有类似恶性肿瘤的生物学特性。中医学一般认为，“正虚伏邪”为恶性肿瘤的病机特点；那么，肾虚血瘀既属于“正虚伏邪”的范畴，又体现了EMs发病学和疾病发生、发展过程中的主要特点。在“病证相应”的中医治则之下，补肾化瘀法的临床疗效主要表现为：缓解痛经症状、提高受孕率，以及调整月经周期。本文基于EMs与恶性肿瘤的相关性，通过分析补肾化瘀法治疗EMs的理论依据及其抑制异位内膜侵袭的调控机制，主要包括解除免疫抑制、阻断局部微血管新生等，旨在阐明其疗效显著的原因，为临床推广提供可靠的基础研究证据。     

颈动脉狭窄支架成形术能替代内膜剥脱术吗?

颈动脉分叉处独特的血流动力学特征决定了该处是动脉粥样硬化最易发生的部位，造成管径的狭窄而导致脑组织远端血流动力学性梗死。另外，沿颈动脉球内侧壁的血流保持层流，有着很高的流速和很强的剪切力，而其外侧壁处血流的分离、停滞、湍流和复杂震荡的剪切力都可引起动脉粥样硬化性斑块的脱落。因此，颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄是导致卒中发生的主要原因之一（占卒中发生的10％～20％），对其治疗是多年来受全球关注的热点。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence.