68例骨关节结核的临床特征

目的 探讨骨关节结核的临床特点。方法 对北京协和医院2013年1月至2020年12月住院治疗的68例骨关节结核患者进行回顾性分析。结果 68例骨关节结核患者中,男42例(61.8%)、女26例(38.2%),中位年龄56岁。病原学诊断39例(57.4%)、临床诊断29例(42.6%)。从发病至确诊的病程中位时间为4个月。局部疼痛和功能障碍(86.8%)是最常见的临床表现,其次是发热(47.1%)、消瘦(36.8%)和盗汗(13.2%)。27例(39.7%)合并其他部位活动性结核。单一部位骨关节结核51例(75.0%)、多发骨关节结核17例(25.0%),胸椎和腰椎是最常见受累部位。92.7%的患者结核T细胞检测阳性。患者骨组织活检标本提示上皮样肉芽肿伴/不伴坏死,75.0%的患者组织PCR检测结核分枝杆菌DNA阳性,55.1%的患者组织分枝杆菌培养阳性,20.0%的患者组织抗酸染色阳性。相较单一部位骨关节结核,消瘦患者出现多发骨关节结核的风险是无消瘦患者的5.333倍(P=0.013)。结论 骨关节结核诊断困难,结核T细胞检测是有效的鉴别手段,组织活检是确诊的关键,PCR检测结核分枝杆...     

First intention vertebroplasty in fractures within an ankylosed thoracolumbar spinal segment

PurposeTo evaluate the outcome of percutaneous vertebral cementoplasty (PVC) as the first-line treatment for traumatic thoracolumbar fractures within an ankylosed spinal segment.Materials and methodsThirty-one patients (15 men, 16 women; mean age: 79.2 ± 11 [SD] years; age range: 66–95 years) with thoracolumbar fractures within an ankylosed spine segment without neurological impairment treated with PVC were retrospectively evaluated. All patients were controlled at six weeks and one year after PVC. Ankylosing conditions, fractures sites and types, radiological consolidation, spinal complications were assessed. Anterior/posterior vertebral height ratios were measured before and after PVC. Postoperative pain relief and treatment success (radiological fracture consolidation) rates were considered.ResultsThe 31 patients had a total of 39 fractures (19 stable [49%], 20 unstable [51%]) treated with PVC. Primary success rate of PVC (initial fracture consolidation without complication) was 61% (19/31). Seven patients (7/31; 23%) exhibited new fractures, and the secondary success rate of PVC (global fracture consolidation one year after repeat PVC) was 87% (34/39). Global consolidation rates of unstable fractures were 85% (17/20) of treated levels. Pain score was null in 84% patients (26/31) one year after PVC. There were no significant differences between pre-PVC (0.62 ± 0.18 [SD]; range: 0.22–0.88) and post-PVC (0.60 ± 0.18 [SD]; range: 0.35–0.88) vertebral height ratios (P = 0.94).ConclusionPVC conveys a high overall success rate and effectively controls pain in patients with vertebral fractures within ankylosed spine segments.     

Treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis with inverted T -shaped silicone implants

A new technique for the functional reconstruction of the ankylotic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is presented. Interposition of a custom-made inverted T-shape silicone implant after osteotomy of the condylar neck has given good results. A case is presented and the advantages of the method are discussed.     

关节镜下病灶清除并半环槽加压外固定治疗全踝关节结核

目的探讨关节镜下踝关节结核病灶清除并半环槽加压外固定行踝关节融合术治疗全踝关节结核的临床经验。方法6例全踝关节结核患者，男4例，女2例；年龄28-44岁，平均33岁。病程8-23个月，平均13个月；均为单踝关节发病。其中1例伴踝部窦道形成患者曾在外院行切开引流术。术前均行至少3周的抗结核治疗。手术采用踝关节镜前外侧及前内侧入路进行结核病灶清除和胫距关节融合，并用半环槽外固定架固定。结果术后无一例发生皮肤感染及窦道形成等并发症。患者于术后2-7d，平均4d即可下地活动。术后6例均获得随访，随访时间6-42个月，平均21．3个月。6例患者于术后9-17周，平均12．5周达到骨性愈合，其中3例患者术后疼痛消失，其余3例有轻度疼痛及跛行，均无结核复发。结论对没有严重骨破坏的全踝关节结核采用关节镜下病灶清除，具有损伤小、恢复快、病灶清除彻底等优点。半环槽加压外固定，可早期下床活动，有利于融合愈合。     

经皮脊柱内镜清创灌洗在骶髂关节结核中的临床应用

目的：探讨经皮脊柱内镜清创灌洗治疗骶髂关节结核的可行性及临床疗效。方法：对2007年1月至2009年4月采用皮脊柱内镜清创灌洗治疗的7例骶髂关节结核患者进行回顾性分析。其中男2例,女5例;年龄29~69岁;病变部位右侧4例,左侧3例;病程8~144个月;按Kim分型,Ⅲ型5例,Ⅳ型2例。患者术前均应用HRZE四联抗结核药物治疗2~6周。比较手术前后的视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,红细胞沉降率（erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR）,C-反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）,Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry Disability Index,ODI）。结果：7例患者手术顺利,术中平均出血量<50 ml,无血肿、感染等并发症发生。7例患者的随访时间为18~40个月。疼痛缓解明显,术后1、3、6、12、18个月VAS、ESR、CRP、ODI与治疗前比较,均有改善,末次随访时临床、影像学及实验室检查显示感染消除,并恢复正常生活和工作。结论：经皮脊柱内镜清创灌洗其组织创伤小、靶向操作、疗效肯定、术后恢复快,为骶髂关节结核的微创治疗探索出了新的选择。     

计算机辅助设计虚拟颌位在儿童颞下颌关节强直合并颌骨畸形同期矫治中的应用

目的:评价计算机辅助下虚拟颌位引导儿童关节强直患者同期矫治颌骨畸形的可行性。方法:回顾2016年1月至2017年6月于北京大学口腔医院颌面外科接受手术治疗的儿童颞下颌关节强直患者。将患者颌骨与牙列的影像数据导入计算机软件,进行虚拟设计,完成肋骨肋软骨移植和颌骨畸形的同期矫治,设计制作数字化咬合导板备用。术中完成关节强直松解后,在数字化咬合导板的引导下使下颌骨就位,并完成肋骨移植。对术前和术后即刻的颏点偏斜程度以及下颌升支高度进行测量,并对测量结果进行统计学分析,评价该方法的可靠性。结果:5例患者符合纳入标准,术前设计的虚拟颌位下颏点至面中线的距离平均为(0.58±0.20) mm,术后测量值为(0.70±0.27) mm,二者差异无统计学意义。虚拟颌位下患侧下颌升支的长度平均为(48.19±3.20) mm,术后测量值为(48.17±3.62) mm,二者差异无统计学意义。结论:在计算机辅助设计的虚拟颌位引导下,能够在重建关节的同时实现颌骨畸形的同期矫治。     

Augmentation surgery on the cartilaginous portion of the vocal fold in a patient with cricoarytenoid joint ankylosis

Surgical management of cricoarytenoid joint (CAJ) ankylosis is challenging and has the risk of worsening voice quality. In the present case, augmentation surgery was performed on the cartilaginous portion of the vocal fold in a patient with CAJ ankylosis. A 24-year-old man sustained blunt trauma to the anterior neck three years prior to developing severe breathiness. Posterior glottal insufficiency resulting from lateral fixation of the right vocal fold was observed during phonation under laryngoscopy. In addition, electromyography and CT scan revealed severe ankylosis of the right CAJ. Type I thyroplasty performed on the right vocal fold did not improve postoperative vocal function. Therefore, augmentation surgery on the cartilaginous portion of the right vocal fold was performed via endolaryngeal microsurgery under general anesthesia with jet ventilation. A piece of temporalis fascia was autotransplanted into the submucosal space created at the posterior cartilaginous portion of the right vocal fold. This resulted in the narrowing of the posterior glottal gap during phonation, leading to improvement in hoarseness. Microsurgical management with autologous fascia augmentation of the cartilaginous portion of the vocal fold can be effective in patients with lateral vocal fold fixation due to CAJ ankylosis.     

Staphylococcus caprae bone and joint infections: a re-emerging infection?

Staphylococcus caprae has been recently classified as a human pathogen, but the incidence of S. caprae in human bone and joint infections (BJIs) is under-reported. In this study, we report 25 cases of S. caprae BJI, and we review the 31 cases published in the literature. Molecular techniques and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry improved the identification of clinically relevant S. caprae strains. In this study, 96% of S. caprae BJIs were localized to the lower limbs, and 88% of the cases involved orthopaedic device infections. S. caprae joint prosthesis infections (JPIs), internal osteosynthesis device infections (I-ODIs) and BJIs without orthopaedic device infections were recorded in 60%, 28% and 12% of cases, respectively. Ten (40%) S. caprae BJIs were polymicrobial infections. These infections were associated with past histories of malignancy (p 0.024). Of the 14 bacterial species related to S. caprae BJI, 57% were staphylococci. I-ODIs were significantly associated with polymicrobial infections (p 0.0068), unlike JPIs, which were monomicrobial infections (p 0.0344). Treatment with rifampicin and fluoroquinolone was recorded in 40% of cases. Surgical treatment was performed in 76% of cases, e.g. prosthesis removal (36%), osteosynthesis device removal (24%), and surgical debridement (16%). Thirty per cent of cases were not treated. Relapses were observed mainly in the patients treated by surgical debridement only (p 0.033). In summary, S. caprae BJI is an underestimated hospital-acquired emerging infection. S. caprae BJI is correlated with infections in orthopaedic devices, which must be removed to control the infection.