68例骨关节结核的临床特征

目的 探讨骨关节结核的临床特点。方法 对北京协和医院2013年1月至2020年12月住院治疗的68例骨关节结核患者进行回顾性分析。结果 68例骨关节结核患者中,男42例(61.8%)、女26例(38.2%),中位年龄56岁。病原学诊断39例(57.4%)、临床诊断29例(42.6%)。从发病至确诊的病程中位时间为4个月。局部疼痛和功能障碍(86.8%)是最常见的临床表现,其次是发热(47.1%)、消瘦(36.8%)和盗汗(13.2%)。27例(39.7%)合并其他部位活动性结核。单一部位骨关节结核51例(75.0%)、多发骨关节结核17例(25.0%),胸椎和腰椎是最常见受累部位。92.7%的患者结核T细胞检测阳性。患者骨组织活检标本提示上皮样肉芽肿伴/不伴坏死,75.0%的患者组织PCR检测结核分枝杆菌DNA阳性,55.1%的患者组织分枝杆菌培养阳性,20.0%的患者组织抗酸染色阳性。相较单一部位骨关节结核,消瘦患者出现多发骨关节结核的风险是无消瘦患者的5.333倍(P=0.013)。结论 骨关节结核诊断困难,结核T细胞检测是有效的鉴别手段,组织活检是确诊的关键,PCR检测结核分枝杆菌DNA阳性率最高。多发骨关节结核并不罕见,尤其是消瘦患者,建议进行全面的影像评估避免漏诊。

Clinical Characteristics of 68 Patients with Osteoarticular Tuberculosis

Objective To analyze the clinical features of patients with osteoarticular tuberculosis. Method This retrospective study included a cohort of 68 osteoarticular tuberculosis patients hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020. Results The patients included 42(61.8%)males and 26(38.2%)females,with a median age of 56 years.Tuberculosis pathogen was detected in 39(57.4%)patients,and 29(42.6%)patients were diagnosed by clinical manifestations.The median time from onset to diagnosis was 4 months.The most common manifestations were pain and dysfunction(86.8%),followed by fever(47.1%),weight loss(36.8%),and night sweats(13.2%).Concomitant active tuberculosis in other organs was observed in 27(39.7%)patients.Unifocal and multifocal osteoarticular tuberculosis occurred in 51(75.0%)patients and 17(25.0%)patients,respectively,which mainly attacked thoracic and lumbar spines.Tuberculosis T cell test was positive in 92.7% patients.All the bone biopsies revealed epithelioid granuloma with/without necrosis,with 75.0% positive for mycobacterial DNA,55.1% positive for mycobacterial culture,and 20% positive for acid-fast staining.The risk of developing multifocal osteoarticular tuberculosis in the patients with weight loss was 5.333 times(P=0.013)that of the patients with stable weight. Conclusions The diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis is difficult and tuberculosis T cell test is an effective means.Bone biopsy is the key to diagnosis,and the PCR of mycobacterial DNA shows the highest positive derection rate.Multifocal osteoarticular tuberculosis is not rare,especially in the patients with weight loss.Thus,a comprehensive imaging evaluation is recommended to avoid missed diagnosis.