口腔黏膜移植术联合翼状胬肉切除术治疗翼状胬肉患者的效果

目的:观察口腔黏膜移植术联合翼状胬肉切除术治疗翼状胬肉患者的效果。方法:选取60例翼状胬肉患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各30例。对照组采用翼状胬肉切除术治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合口腔黏膜移植术治疗,比较两组手术前后视力指标[裸眼视力(UCVA)、角膜屈光度]水平、术后1年复发率和术后1个月并发症发生率。结果:术后3个月,两组UCVA水平均高于术前,且观察组高于对照组;两组角膜屈光度均低于术前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1年,观察组复发率为6.67%(2/30),低于对照组的26.67%(8/30),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后1个月并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:口腔黏膜移植术联合翼状胬肉切除术治疗翼状胬肉患者可改善视力指标水平,降低复发率,效果优于单纯翼状胬肉切除术治疗。     

丹皮酚对5-FU诱导的小鼠肠道黏膜损伤的保护作用及对其抗肿瘤活性的影响

目的 研究丹皮酚对5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）诱导小鼠肠黏膜损伤中的保护作用。方法 SD成年雄性〖JP2〗C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组（Con组,12只）、5-FU注射组（5-FU组,12只）、丹皮酚25 mg/kg组（5-FU +Pae 25 mg/kg组,13只）、丹皮酚100 mg/kg组（5-FU+Pae 100 mg/kg组,13只）。通过腹腔注射5-FU建立小鼠肠黏膜损伤模型,探讨丹皮酚对小鼠5-FU注射后体重的影响。HE染色观察丹皮酚对小鼠小肠绒毛损伤的形态学影响;免疫组化实验研究小鼠小肠腺细胞凋亡情况;成瘤实验观察丹皮酚对5-FU抗肿瘤活性的影响。结果 注射5-FU 9天后,小鼠体重显著降低,而丹皮酚处理后可显著恢复小鼠体重。丹皮酚可明显降低小肠水肿程度或出血,并使小肠绒毛升高,增加小肠腺细胞数量。免疫组化结果显示,丹皮酚可显著降低小肠腺细胞凋亡程度。结论 丹皮酚可通过抑制小肠腺细胞凋亡降低5-FU对小鼠黏膜损伤的影响,具有一定的抗肿瘤作用,并可增强其抗肿瘤活性。     

Use of designing for behaviour change framework in identifying and addressing barriers to and enablers of animal source feeding to children ages 8–23 months in Bandarban Hill District in Bangladesh: Implications for a nutrition-sensitive agriculture programme

Inadequate diet quality is a cause of undernutrition among children 6–23 months of age in Bangladesh, particularly in remote and isolated areas such as Bandarban District. Feeding animal source foods can help to combat stunting and wasting problems among children, but it may not be accessible or acceptable. A barrier analysis using the Designing for Behavior Change Framework was conducted in Bandarban district with participants from 4 ethnic groups, to explore potential barriers and key motivators by examining 12 behavioural determinants of consumption of animal-source food in complementary feeding for children 8–23 months. Data were collected from 45 mothers of children 8–23 months, who provided animal-source foods to their children (doers), and from 45 mothers who did not (non-doers), for a total of 90 interviews. Nine determinants were statistically significantly different between doers and non-doers as follows: self-efficacy, positive consequences, negative consequences, social norms, access, reminders, perceived risk, perceived severity and perceived action efficacy. Nearby access to purchase animal-source foods, rearing poultry or livestock at home and the support of household and community members are enablers to feeding animal-source food. In contrast, these same factors are barriers for non-doers. The lack of money to spend on animal-source foods is also a barrier. An integrated nutrition-sensitive and gender-transformative animal-based food production, and inclusive market programme could increase access to meat and eggs at the household level, increase opportunities to earn income and support gender-equitable household workloads and decision-making for optimal child feeding.     

连续血液净化对脓毒症患者外周血NLRP3炎症小体及肠道屏障功能的影响

探讨连续血液净化（CBP）对脓毒症患者外周血核苷酸结合寡聚化受体蛋白3（NLRP3）及肠道屏障功能的影响。方法 选取2019年5月～2021年5月新疆医科大学第一附属医院重症医学中心收治的脓毒症及非脓毒症患者83例。在镇痛、镇静、液体复苏、抗感染等治疗基础上,根据治疗方式不同,分为脓毒症CBP治疗组（n=24）、脓毒症常规治疗组（n=35）、非脓毒症组（n=24例）。收集各组患者在入住ICU后的一般资料、基础疾病、感染部位、炎症因子水平、肌酐、急性胃肠损伤（AGI）评分、APACHEⅡ评分、28 d预后等资料并进行回顾性分析。结果 3组患者的性别、基础疾病、感染部位等比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),CBP治疗组患者基线期APACHEⅡ评分高于其余两组(P＜0.05)。与上机前相比,脓毒症CBP治疗组在上机3天后的乳酸、血浆尿素氮（BUN）、外周血淋巴细胞中NF-κB p65、Caspase-1、ASC,血清中IL-1β 、IL-18、血清肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白（I-FABP）、AGI评分有显著降低（均P＜0.05）。 脓毒症CBP治疗组28 d死亡率为70.83%,明显高于脓毒症常规治疗组（28.57%）及非脓毒症组（16.67%）,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 血液净化治疗可减少脓毒症患者外周血淋巴细胞中 NLRP3 炎症小体的活化,继而减少体内炎症因子水平,改善胃肠道屏障功能。     

结肠直肠癌患者肠道黏膜区域的菌群分布

目的 比较健康人群与结肠直肠癌（CRC）患者粪便菌群及肿瘤/瘤旁黏膜菌群的差异性,尝试寻找CRC新的防治途径。方法 收集了13例CRC患者粪便、6例患者肿瘤/瘤旁黏膜和20名健康对照人群粪便,利用16SrDNA测序技术与生物信息学方法分别对粪便和黏膜的菌群组成差异进行了分析。在流式细胞仪检测粪便中的细菌总数后,采用几种较为常见的细菌培养基对粪便及黏膜中微生物进行分离鉴定,并利用乳酸脱氢酶检测试剂盒测试了其中7株细菌对3株肠癌细胞凋亡的影响。结果 健康人粪便和CRC患者瘤旁黏膜中的菌群α-多样性显著高于CRC患者粪便和肿瘤黏膜中菌群α-多样性（P<0.05）。从特异性微生物来看,与健康人群相比,CRC患者粪便中的特有菌为Lactobacillaceae,而其肿瘤黏膜上特有菌是Escherichia、Enterococcus、Fusobacterium等。通过体外实验发现,分离自CRC患者肿瘤黏膜处的Bacteroides fragilis与Fusobacterium nucleatum分别对肠道癌细胞的增殖具有显著抑制活性（P<0.0001）与促进作用（P<0.001）。结论 CRC患者粪便、肿瘤黏膜及瘤旁黏膜菌群与健康人群粪便菌群差异较大,且CRC患者粪便菌群不能代表肿瘤黏膜特异性菌群。体外实验结果表明,抑制肿瘤黏膜中F.nucleatum定植与促进具有癌细胞毒性的B. fragilis定植可能是治疗CRC潜在的有效方法。     

邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯可能通过损伤血脑屏障诱导小鼠焦虑样行为和学习记忆障碍

目的 探讨邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯（DEHP）对小鼠焦虑样行为和学习记忆能力的影响及机制。方法 将40只雄性ICR小鼠随机分为对照组（0 mg/kg）和DEHP暴露组（10、50、100 mg/kg）。通过灌胃暴露DEHP 4周,再进行开场实验、高架十字迷宫实验和Morris水迷宫实验。取小鼠海马组织检测丙二醛（MDA）含量,取大脑进行HE切片观察海马组织形态学变化,检测海马组织紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、Occludin的分子表达。结果 与对照组相比,4周DEHP暴露对各组小鼠体质量未造成明显的影响（P>0.05）。行为学实验表明,DEHP暴露组小鼠在开场中心区域的运动距离（P<0.05）和停留时间（P<0.05）少于对照组;在高架十字迷宫开臂区的运动距离和停留时间少于对照组（P<0.05）。在Morris水迷宫实验中,和对照组小鼠相比,DEHP暴露组小鼠找到平台的潜伏期明显延长（P<0.05）,且穿越平台位置的次数减少（P<0.05）。HE染色可以观察到海马CA1至CA3区出现明显的椎体细胞坏死,海马组织中MDA含量增加（P<0.05）,且与血脑屏障完整性相关的ZO-1和Occludin在基因（P<0.01）、蛋白（P<0.05）水平的表达也显著降低。此外,多元线性回归分析显示,DEHP诱导的小鼠焦虑样行为与学习记忆能力之间有密切的关联性。结论 DEHP暴露可能通过破坏血脑屏障,损伤海马椎体神经细胞,进而诱导小鼠焦虑样行为和学习记忆能力下降。     

度普利尤单抗对成人中重度特应性皮炎 皮肤屏障功能的影响

目的 探讨度普利尤单抗对中重度特应性皮炎（atopic dermatitis,AD）患者皮肤屏障功能的影响。方法选取2020年9月至2021年10月于锦州医科大学附属第一医院就诊的20例成人中重度AD患者纳入研究组,同期于该院体检的20名健康志愿者纳入对照组。研究组患者给予度普利尤单抗治疗,分别于治疗前和治疗8周、12周、16周后检测AD患者前臂掌侧皮损部位皮肤含水量与经皮水分丢失（transepidermal water loss,TEWL）,及距离此部位5cm的非皮损部位角质层神经酰胺（ceramide,Cer）含量;相同方法检测对照组研究对象的皮肤含水量、TEWL和皮肤角质层Cer含量。结果 研究组共18例患者完成研究。研究组患者治疗后,EASI评分逐渐下降,治疗8周、12周、16周后EASI评分均显著低于治疗前（P<0.05）。研究组患者治疗前的Cer含量、皮肤含水量均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,TEWL显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗16周后,两组研究对象的TEWL比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后,研究组患者的皮肤角质层Cer含量、皮肤含水量逐渐升高,治疗12周、16周后上述指标均显著高于治疗前（P<0.05）。治疗后,研究组患者的TEWL逐渐降低,治疗8周、12周、16周后TEWL均显著低于治疗前（P<0.05）。皮肤角质层Cer含量、皮肤含水量与EASI均呈负相关（P<0.001）,TEWL与EASI呈正相关（P<0.001）。结论 度普利尤单抗可通过减少TEWL、增加皮肤含水量和角质层Cer含量,改善皮肤屏障功能。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜治疗胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的临床研究

目的:探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜修补术治疗胃十二指肠溃疡的疗效及其对机体炎症反应的影响。方法:选取2016年10月—2020年5月我院收治的胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者90例,采用随机数字表法分为单孔组(n=47)和多孔组(n=43),单孔组行经脐单孔腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术,多孔组行传统多孔腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术。比较两组患者手术情况、胃肠功能恢复情况及术后并发症发生情况;对比两组患者术前、术后1 d、术后7 d及术后14 d 降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及总免疫球蛋白E(T-IgE)水平。结果:与多孔组比较,单孔组患者术后镇痛剂使用率(18.60% vs 4.26%)、住院时间[(8.54±1.68)vs(7.22±1.43)]明显降低(P<0.05),术后肠鸣音出现时间[(31.15±4.13)h vs(27.70±3.36)h]、胃肠功能恢复时间[(40.74±6.08)min vs(33.58±5.63)min]、首次排气时间[(51.73±6.68)vs(41.13±5.67)]及首次排便时间[(59.52±8.38)vs(46.48±7.12)]均显著缩短(P<0.05)。单孔组术后7 d、14 d,血清PCT、IL-6及T-IgE水平显著低于多孔组[术后7 d,PCT:(0.32±0.15)ng/mL vs (0.43±0.17)ng/mL,IL-6:(1.05±0.26)pg/mL vs (1.15±0.39 )pg/mL,T-IgE:(119.59±28.51)IU/mLvs(125.46±25.63)IU/mL;术后14 d,PCT:(0.27±0.11)ng/mL vs (0.37±0.19)ng/mL,IL-6:(0.94±0.41)pg/mL vs(1.06±0.32)pg/mL,T-IgE:(96.51±32.15)IU/mLvs(102.83±21.36)IU/mL],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单孔组患者术后并发症发生率为2.12%,显著低于多孔组(13.95%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经脐单孔腹腔镜修补术治疗胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔疗效显著,能有效缩短患者住院时间,降低患者术后并发症发生率,促进患者胃肠功能恢复,减轻机体炎症反应,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Combination of sodium butyrate and probiotics ameliorates severe burn-induced intestinal injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response

Burns are a common traumatic injuries with considerable morbidity and mortality rates. Post-burn intestinal injuries are closely related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The aim of the current study was to investigate the combined effect of sodium butyrate (NaB) and probiotics (PROB) on severe burn-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response and the underlying mechanism of action. Sprague-Dawley rats with severe burns were treated with NaB with or without PROB. Pathomorphology of skin and small intestine tissue was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and severe burn-induced apoptosis in small intestine tissue was examined via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay. The release of factors related to inflammation was quantified using ELISA kits and qRT-PCR and levels of oxidative stress markers were evaluated using biochemical assays. Furthermore, mitochondrial morphological changes in small intestinal epithelial cells were observed using transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the underlying mechanism associated with the combined effect of NaB and PROB on severe burn-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response was investigated using western blotting. The combination of NaB and PROB exerted protective effects against severe burn-induced intestinal barrier injury by reducing the levels of diamine oxidase and intestinal fatty acid binding protein. Combined NaB and PROB treatment inhibited severe burn-induced oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase levels and decreasing those of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels. Severe burn-induced inflammation was suppressed by combined NaB and PROB administration, as demonstrated by the decreased mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and high mobility group box-1 in the small intestine. In addition, this study showed that combined NaB and PROB administration increased nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression and decreased the phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2). In conclusion, our findings indicate that combined NaB and PROB treatment may inhibit severe burn-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the small intestine by regulating HMGB1/NF-κB and ERK1/2/Nrf2 signaling, thereby providing a new therapeutic strategy for intestinal injury induced by severe burn.     

经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液漏多因素回归方程搭建及预测价值研究

目的 研究经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液漏多因素回归方程搭建及预测价值。方法 分析2018年5月—2020年9月郴州市第一人民医院56例经蝶窦手术的垂体腺瘤患者资料,其中运用改良带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣32例,未用24例。筛查经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液鼻漏的相关因素。结果 经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液鼻漏与年龄大于65岁、肿瘤直径大于2 cm、术中鞍膈破裂、手术时间超过120 min都呈正相关（均P<0.05）,与用改良带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣呈负相关（P<0.05）。影响经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液鼻漏的因素有再次手术（95％CI:1.205～859.886, P=0.038)、肿瘤直径大于2 cm(95％CI:1.371～375.766, P=0.029)、术中鞍膈破裂（95％CI:5.351～14461.621,P=0.005)、用改良带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣（95％CI:0.001～0.371, P=0.009)。模型预测值绘制ROC曲线及分析,得到AUC=0.971（95%CI：0.935~1.000）,敏感度为1,特异性为0.882。结论 再次手术、肿瘤直径大于2 cm、术中鞍膈破裂、未用改良带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣是经蝶垂体瘤手术后脑脊液漏的危险因素,而应用改良带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣能减少这种不良并发症的发生。