68Ga-PSMA PET/CT在前列腺癌术前诊断及手术策略制订中的应用

目的评估⁶⁸Ga标记的前列腺特异性膜抗原(⁶⁸Ga-PSMA)PET/CT对前列腺癌的诊断效能,并探讨⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT对术前制订保留血管神经束(NVB)和淋巴结清扫策略的指导作用。方法回顾性分析2018年6月至2019年10月中国医学科学院肿瘤医院行⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT检查的46例初诊疑似前列腺癌患者的临床资料。中位年龄66.50(60.00,69.25)岁,中位前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)值15.97(8.58,33.10)ng/ml。46例中,41例⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT检查诊断为肿瘤,6例诊断有淋巴结转移;5例诊断为前列腺增生或前列腺炎。46例中40例同期行mpMRI检查,33例诊断为肿瘤,6例诊断有淋巴结转移;46例中17例同期行^11C-胆碱PET/CT检查,12例诊断为肿瘤,4例诊断有淋巴结转移。41例PSMA-PET/CT诊断为前列腺癌的患者中,高危22例,中危19例;其中37例行mpMRI检查,15例行^11C-胆碱PET/CT检查。41例均行根治性前列腺切除术。根据⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT显示的肿瘤位置,术前制订NVB处理策略:若肿瘤邻近前列腺单侧包膜,则保留健侧的NVB;若肿瘤局限于前列腺内,则保留双侧NVB。共16例保留了NVB(单侧6例,双侧10例)。对中高危组患者常规行淋巴结清扫。采用配对χ²检验或Fisher精确检验比较⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT、mpMRI、^11C-胆碱PET/CT对病灶检出的敏感性和特异性。采用Spearman相关分析检测⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT的SUV_max值与Gleason评分和治疗前PSA值的相关性。结果 41例行根治术患者术后病理确诊为前列腺癌,手术切缘均未见癌组织;中位Gleason评分8(7,9)分;病理分期20例≤pT_2c期,21例≥pT₃期;7例淋巴结阳性(11枚阳性淋巴结)。术后30 d内7例(17.1%)发生并发症,Clavien-Dindo分级均≤2级。41例术后随访中位时间16(12,20)个月,术后1、6、12个月分别有19例(46.3%)、39例(95.1%)、41例(100.0%)恢复控尿。5例未行手术的患者中,4例行抗生素治疗后PSA下降;1例PSA未下降者行穿刺活检,病理未见癌。⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT诊断前列腺癌的敏感性为100.0%(41/41),显著优于^11C-胆碱PET/CT[80.0%(12/15),P=0.016]和mpMRI[83.7%(31/37),P=0.009];特异性为100.0%(5/5),与^11C-胆碱PET/CT[100.0%(2/2),P=1.000]和mpMRI [33.3%(1/3),P=0.107]的差异均无统计学意义。41例中,⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT诊断淋巴结转移的敏感性[71.4%(5/7)]与^11C-胆碱PET/CT的差异无统计学意义[75.0%(3/4),P=1.000],与mpMRI的差异有统计学意义[16.7%(1/6),P=0.016]。Gleason评分≥8分与<8分患者⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT的原发灶SUV_max值分别为19.60(9.58,24.38)与8.55(5.18,12.88);治疗前PSA值≥20 ng/ml与<20 ng/ml患者的SUV_max值分别为19.40(13.00,23.5)与8.40(5.35,13.95),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT对前列腺癌原发病灶诊断的敏感性高、特异性高,术前可根据PSMA PET/CT显示的肿瘤位置,制订是否保留NVB的处理策略;但其对淋巴结转移灶诊断的敏感性还不足以指导术前制订淋巴结清扫策略。     

Early-rectal Cancer Treatment: A Decision-tree Making Based on Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Local excision (LE) has arisen as an alternative to total mesorectal excision for the treatment of early rectal cancer. Despite a decreased morbidity, there are still concerns about LE outcomes.This systematic-review and meta-analysis design is based on the “PICO” process, aiming to answer to three questions related to LE as primary treatment for early-rectal cancer, the optimal method for LE, and the potential role for completion treatment in high-risk histology tumors and outcomes of salvage surgery.The results revealed that reported overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were 71%–91.7% and 80%–94% for LE, in contrast to 92.3%–94.3% and 94.4%–97% for radical surgery. Additional analysis of National Database studies revealed lower OS with LE (HR: 1.26; 95%CI, 1.09–1.45) and DSS (HR: 1.19; 95%CI, 1.01–1.41) after LE. Furthermore, patients receiving LE were significantly more prone develop local recurrence (RR: 3.44, 95%CI, 2.50–4.74). Analysis of available transanal surgical platforms was performed, finding no significant differences among them but reduced local recurrence compared to traditional transanal LE (OR:0.24;95%CI, 0.15–0.4). Finally, we found poor survival outcomes for patients undergoing salvage surgery, favoring completion treatment (chemoradiotherapy or surgery) when high-risk histology is present.In conclusion, LE could be considered adequate provided a full-thickness specimen can be achieved that the patient is informed about risk for potential requirement of completion treatment. Early-rectal cancer cases should be discussed in a multidisciplinary team, and patient's preferences must be considered in the decision-making process.     

早中期结直肠癌根治术后中西结合心理康复干预指南解读及典型病例

我国癌症患者普遍存在着心理康复需求,中医药对其有良好的干预效果。目前已有肿瘤相关西医心理指南及标准治疗方案发表,然而中西医结合及中医干预方案仍有待规范。结直肠癌作为中国高发病率、长生存期的肿瘤,其根治术后的时期作为中西医结合心理康复的良好切入点,前期已有一定基础的研究发表。为规范该类疾病的诊疗及随访,提高中西医结合治疗早中期结直肠癌根治术后心理问题的效果,2022年中华中医药学会发布《早中期结直肠癌根治术后中西医结合心理康复干预指南》,包含12条推荐意见。该指南为结直肠癌领域首个中西医结合心理干预指南,但受限于相关研究的数量与质量,未来尚需要更多高质量研究结果的发表以促进其更新完善。     

肠系膜下动脉低、高位结扎在腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中的效果比较

目的:探讨低、高位结扎肠系膜下动脉(IMA)在腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中的临床疗效、应用价值及患者术后生存情况。方法:回顾分析2014年1月至2017年1月收治的215例直肠癌患者的临床资料,根据IMA结扎方式分为低位结扎组(n=98)与高位结扎组(n=117)。对比分析两组患者一般情况、围手术期相关指标(手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、IMA根部清扫淋巴结数量、肛门排气时间、住院时间、住院费用)、手术并发症发生率(吻合口漏、肠梗阻、尿潴留、泌尿系统感染)及生存情况(3年总生存率、肿瘤远处转移率、复发率)。结果:两组手术时间[(153.60±8.04)min vs.(149.40±9.71)min]、术中出血量[(79.30±20.61)mL vs.(69.20±20.13)mL]、淋巴结清扫数量[(15.90±2.26)枚vs.(17.10±2.72)]枚、IMA根部淋巴结清扫数量[(3.20±1.23)枚vs.(3.30±1.42)枚]差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),低位组与高位组的肛门排气时间[(24.40±8.54)h vs.(34.20±8.65)h]、住院时间[(9.30±3.43)d vs.(12.50±3.24)d]、医疗费用[(38500±6381.40)元vs.(47700±11888.84)元]差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低位组吻合口漏发生率为2%,低于高位组的8.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者3年总生存率(76.9%vs.79.5%)、肿瘤远处转移率(11.1%vs.12.2%)、复发率(6.8%vs.8.1%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与高位结扎IMA相比,腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中低位结扎IMA利于术后肠道功能的恢复,降低了吻合口漏发生率,提高了近期疗效。     

加速康复外科在达芬奇机器人胃癌根治术中的应用体会

目的:探讨快速康复外科(FTS)在达芬奇机器人胃癌根治术中的临床应用价值。方法:选取2018年10月至2019年5月53例行达芬奇胃癌根治术的患者,随机分为快速康复组(n=25)与常规组(n=28),快速康复组采取FTS理念指导下的围手术期管理;常规组采取常规围手术期管理。比较两组临床资料、围手术期资料(术后住院时间、C反应蛋白、术后下床活动时间、术后进食流食时间、术后通气时间、清扫淋巴结数量、术中出血量、住院费用)及并发症情况。结果:快速康复组与常规组术后通气时间[(2.16±0.62)d vs.(2.71±0.46)d]、术后进食流食时间[(2.28±0.68)d vs.(3.07±0.47)d]、术后C反应蛋白[(16.54±2.68)mg/dL vs.(18.47±2.99)mg/dL]、术后下床活动时间[(1.20±0.41)d vs.(2.86±0.76)d]、术后住院时间[(9.32±1.73)d vs.(12.57±7.90)d]差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组住院总费用[(89006.59±9202.19)元vs.(90951.84±11549.55)元]、术中出血量[(153.20±107.46)mL vs.(157.14±113.62)mL]、清扫淋巴结总数[(43.24±18.70)vs.(39.54±12.24)]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:FTS与达芬奇机器人胃癌根治术的结合可降低临床分期Ⅲ期及以下无远处转移的原发性胃癌患者的手术应激及炎症反应,促进胃肠功能早期恢复,住院时间短,患者短期收益大,值得进一步临床应用。     

Learning curve could affect oncologic outcome of minimally invasive radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer

Background/ObjectiveRecent prospective studies have shown poorer oncologic outcomes following minimally invasive surgery, which has led many surgeons to deeply inspect their practices. We reviewed our experience and evaluated the results of radical hysterectomy in patients with early stage cervical cancer.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with early stage cervical cancer (Ia1 - IIa1) who were treated with radical hysterectomy from May 2006 to Dec 2016. Patients were divided into three groups according to the surgical approach: radical abdominal hysterectomy (RAH), laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH), and robot-assisted radical hysterectomy (RRH).ResultsLearning curves of each type of surgery were obtained using the cumulative sum method. Survival rates were compared using Kaplan–Meier curves. To analyze the learning curve of a single surgeon, 89 patients were selected from the whole population. Learning curves of each group showed two distinct phases. The minimum number of cases required to achieve surgical improvement were 16 in RAH, 13 in LRH, and 21 in RRH. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival did not vary between RAH and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) (p = .828 and p = .757, respectively). However, when stratified by the phases of the learning curves, patients included in the early phase of MIS showed a poorer PFS (p = .014).ConclusionsSurgical proficiency could significantly affect the oncologic outcome in MIS. A prospective study regarding sufficient surgical competence is necessary for elaborate analysis of the feasibility of minimally invasive radical hysterectomy.     

新辅助治疗行胃癌根治术患者术后并发症及其对预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨新辅助治疗后行胃癌根治术的患者术后并发症发生情况及其预后的影响因素。方法采用回顾性病例队列研究方法。病例纳入标准:(1)组织病理学证实为胃腺癌;(2)术前影像学检查无远处转移或腹膜种植转移;(3)行新辅助治疗后接受胃癌根治术加D2淋巴结清扫术;(4)临床病理及随访资料完整。根据以上标准,回顾性收集2008年1月至2018年12月期间,于中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院行胃癌根治术的490例胃癌患者的临床资料,其中男性358例,女性132例,年龄(55.0±10.6)岁。新辅助治疗方案包括SOX(替吉奥+奥沙利铂)151例,XELOX(希罗达+奥沙利铂)105例,FLOT(多西他赛+奥沙利铂+氟尿嘧啶)66例以及DOS(多西他赛+奥沙利铂+替吉奥)68例;术前行同步放化疗患者100例,采用SOX方案2-4周期诱导化疗加同步放化疗(三维适形调强放疗+替吉奥)。术后并发症指术后出现的手术相关并发症,主要包括术后出血、吻合口漏、术后梗阻、术后狭窄、肺部感染、腹腔感染等。根据Clavien-Dindo法评定术后并发症分级。采用log-rank检验进行预后单因素分析,采用Cox回归模型进行预后模型的多因素分析。结果全组患者术后总并发症的发生率为17.8%(87/490,总计101例次),其中发生严重并发症者(Clavien-Dindo Ⅲ-Ⅴ级)29例,非严重并发症者(Clavien-Dindo Ⅰ-Ⅱ级)58例。多因素分析结果显示,年龄>65岁(HR=3.077,95% CI:1.827-5.184,P<0.001)和胃切除范围(HR=1.735,95% CI:1.069-2.814,P=0.026)是新辅助治疗胃癌根治术患者术后并发症发生的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。全组患者随访时间0.7-131.8(中位数21.5)个月,5年生存率为47.4%。并发症组(87例)与无并发症组(403例)5年总体生存率分别为33.2%和50.9%(P=0.001)。多因素分析结果显示,年龄(HR=1.906,95% CI:1.248-2.913,P=0.003)、ypTNMⅡ-Ⅲ期(Ⅱ期:HR=5.853,95% CI:1.778-19.260,P=0.004;Ⅲ期:HR=10.800,95% CI:3.411-34.189,P<0.001)、手术时间>3.5 h(HR=1.492,95% CI:1.095-2.033,P=0.011)、全胃切除(HR=1.657,95% CI:1.216-2.257,P=0.001)以及术后并发症(HR=1.614,95% CI:1.125-2.315,P=0.009)是影响本组患者预后的独立危险因素,术后行辅助治疗(HR=0.578,95% CI:0.421-0.794,P=0.001)是本组患者预后的独立保护因素。结论新辅助治疗行胃癌根治术患者并发症的发生与患者年龄和手术切除范围密切相关,重视减少并发症的损害及加强辅助治疗,有利于改善新辅助治疗胃癌根治术患者的预后。     

Assessment of changes in penile sensation by electrophysiological study after radical prostatectomy: A pilot study

Background:To evaluate the changes in penile sensation by electrophysiological tests in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and to demonstrate the role of dorsal penile nerve injury in postoperative erectile dysfunction.Materials and methods:Twenty-six volunteer patients who were eligible for RP were included in the study. Preoperative penile sensory electromyography and the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire were done for each patient. Erectile function assessment and electrophysiological evaluation of penile sensation were repeated at postoperative 3rd and 6th months.Results:Postoperative IIEF-5 scores and electromyography values were significantly lower than preoperative findings (p < 0.05). The IIEF-5 scores in the nerve sparing-RP (NS-RP) group were significantly higher than the non-nerve sparing-RP (NNS-RP) group in the postoperative period. Nerve conduction velocity values in the NS-RP group were also higher than the NNS-RP group at the postoperative 3rd and 6th months. However, these changes were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).Conclusions:Patients who underwent RP have decreased penile sensation due to cavernous nerve damage and a possible dorsal penile nerve injury. The decrease of penile sensation may be associated with postoperative erectile dysfunction.     

海德堡三角清扫在胰腺癌根治术中的应用价值

目的探讨海德堡三角清扫在胰腺癌根治术中的应用价值。方法采用回顾性描述性研究方法。收集2020年3―7月南京医科大学第一附属医院收治的30例行海德堡三角清扫胰腺癌病人的临床病理资料;男12例,女18例;中位年龄为65岁,年龄范围为41~79岁。病人完成肿瘤可切除性评估和肝十二指肠韧带廓清后,显露肠系膜上动脉、腹腔干、肝总动脉、门静脉及肠系膜上静脉,根据肿瘤部位行胰十二指肠切除术、胰体尾切除术或者全胰腺切除术,并完成海德堡三角区域内神经纤维及淋巴结组织清扫。胰十二指肠切除术至少完成肠系膜上动脉和腹腔干右半周骨骼化,胰体尾切除术时至少完成肠系膜上动脉和腹腔干左半周骨骼化,全胰腺切除术时原则上需完成肠系膜上动脉和腹腔干全周骨骼化,手术均彻底清除肠系膜上动脉和腹腔干夹角处的神经纤维及淋巴结组织。观察指标:(1)手术情况与术后组织病理学检查。(2)术后恢复情况。(3)随访情况。采用电话或门诊方式进行定期随访,了解病人肿瘤复发转移情况,随访时间截至2021年1月。偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示。计数资料以绝对数或百分比表示,组间比较采用Fisher确切概率法。结果(1)手术情况与术后组织病理学检查:30例病人均行开腹手术,其中21例行胰十二指肠切除术,6例行胰体尾切除术,2例行全胰腺切除术,1例行保留中段的胰腺切除术;16例病人联合门静脉-肠系膜上静脉切除术;3例联合左侧肾上腺切除术。30例病人中,5例术中肠系膜上动脉-腹腔干周围组织清扫范围为1.00周,8例为1.25周,8例为1.50周,9例为1.75~2.00周。16例病人离断胃左静脉,14例保留胃左静脉。30例病人手术时间为287 min(165~495 min),术中出血量为275 mL(50~800 mL)。9例病人术中输注红细胞或冰冻血浆。术后组织病理学检查结果示肿瘤长径为3.4 cm(1.2~7.3 cm),淋巴结检出数目为20枚(9~35枚),阳性淋巴结数目为2枚(0~19枚)。30例病人中,20例肿瘤分化程度为中分化,10例为低分化。9例病人环周切缘为R0切除,17例为切缘1 mm R1切除,4例为R1切除。术后病理学T分期:30例病人中,3例为T1期,18例为T2期,5例为T3期,4例为T4期。术后病理学N分期:30例病人中,9例为N0期,13例为N1期,8例为N2期。术后病理学TNM分期:30例病人中,2例为Ⅰa期,2例为Ⅰb期,3例为Ⅱa期,11例为Ⅱb期,12例为Ⅲ期。(2)术后恢复情况:30例病人中,20例发生术后并发症,其中Clavien-DindoⅠ级并发症6例,Ⅱ级并发症9例,Ⅲa级并发症3例,Ⅴ级并发症2例。术中肠系膜上动脉-腹腔干周围组织清扫1.00周的病人术后腹泻发生情况为0,清扫1.25周的病人术后腹泻发生情况为1/8,清扫1.50周的病人术后腹泻发生情况为4/8,清扫1.75~2.00周的病人术后腹泻发生情况为9/9,4者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术中离断胃左静脉病人术后胃排空延迟发生情况为5/16,保留胃左静脉病人术后胃排空延迟发生情况为1/14,两者比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。30例病人中,19例行术后辅助化疗;28例顺利出院,术后住院时间为15 d(8~68 d);2例病人死亡。3例病人术后90 d内非计划性再入院。(3)随访情况:28例出院病人均获得随访,随访时间为1.0~9.0个月,中位随访时间为6.5个月。随访期间,1例局部进展期病人发生局部复发,9例病人发生肝转移(4例可切除胰腺癌、4例边界可切除胰腺癌、1例局部进展期胰腺癌),1例边界可切除胰腺癌病人发生腹膜转移。17例病人无瘤生存。结论海德堡三角清扫应用于胰腺癌根治术肿瘤根治程度较高,术后局部复发率较低,术后并发症发生率及病死率稍高,其远期疗效需进一步评估,建议对选择性病例行新辅助治疗后在高流量胰腺外科中心进行。     

人文医疗在阴式全子宫切除术联合阴道后壁修补术治疗子宫脱垂合并肠疝患者中的应用

目的探究人文医疗在阴式全子宫切除术联合阴道后壁修补术治疗老年子宫脱垂合并肠疝(阴道后壁膨出)患者中的应用效果。方法选择2018年1月至2019年12月期间天长市中医院收治子宫脱垂合并肠疝患者120例作为研究对象。全部入选病例均行阴式全子宫切除术联合阴道后壁修补术治疗,采用随机数字表法将病例分为对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组给予人文医疗护理。对比2组患者中文版知觉压力量表(CPSS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、心理弹性量表-简表(RS-14)、护理服务满意度、皮质醇(Cor)、心率及平均动脉压。结果护理前,2组CPSS、SDS、SAS及RS-14评分组间比较的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理7 d后,2组CPSS、SDS、SAS及RS-14评分均较护理前降低,且观察组均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的满意度(96.67%)较对照组高(80.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组手术结束时2组患者的Cor、心率及平均动脉压较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论人文医疗应用于子宫脱垂合并肠疝患者护理中,能够改善其不良情绪,缓解心理压力,减少手术的应激反应,提高患者对护理满意度。