普通外科ERAS病房护理敏感指标的构建及其应用

目的:探讨普通外科加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)病房护理敏感指标的构建及其应用价值。方法:结合我院普外科ERAS病房实际情况及文献报道,构建护理敏感指标,并对我院普通外科ERAS病房即护士进行集体培训、考核。以我院普通外科ERAS病房护理敏感指标构建后即2018年7月—2019年8月98例胃肠疾病手术病人为观察组;以普通外科ERAS病房护理敏感指标构建前即2017年5月—2018年6月100例胃肠疾病手术病人为对照组。两组均给予普外科常规护理,观察组另给予ERAS护理;比较两组护理质量、下床活动时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间、医疗费用、术后并发症。结果:观察组专业技术能力[(19.02±2.51)分]、健康教育[(19.18±2.72)分]、服务态度[(19.25±2.52)分]、沟通能力[(19.08±2.47)分]、护理文书书写[(19.36±2.28)分]评分明显高于对照组[(16.84±2.83)分、(17.21±2.77)分、(18.13±2.73)分、(17.27±2.58)分、(16.72±2.46)分](P<0.05或P<0.01)。观察组下床活动时间[(11.3±1.2)h]、肛门排气时间[(19.3±3.8)h]、住院时间[(5.7±0.4)d]、医疗费用(6632±458)元明显低于对照组[(14.6±2.3)h、(24.7±5.4)h、(8.5±1.7)d、(8346±725)元](P<0.001)。观察组并发症发生率(12.24%)明显低于对照组(40.00%)(P<0.001)。结论:普通外科ERAS病房护理敏感指标的构建有利于提高护理质量,促进病人康复,并降低并发症。     

基于循证的危重患者院内转运审查指标的制订及障碍因素分析

目的了解危重患者院内转运证据临床应用现状,分析障碍因素,为证据的临床转化提供参考。方法通过证据总结,纳入49条最佳证据,制订22条审查指标进行临床审查,根据审查结果分析障碍因素及促进因素,制订行动策略。结果22条审查指标临床执行率为0~100%,其中7条指标执行率均为0。障碍因素主要为危重患者院内转运流程不完善、实践者层面医护人员知信行水平不高等。结论危重患者院内转运证据与临床实践尚存在较大差距,应针对障碍因素,提出解决策略,促进证据转化与临床应用。     

产房护理质量敏感指标的构建及应用

目的：构建产房护理质量敏感指标并应用于产房护理质量管理中。方法：采用德尔菲法确定产房护理质量敏感指标并将其应用于产房正常分娩的孕妇,收集每月监测数据进行动态分析,针对分析结果实施针对性的护理措施。结果：构建了15项产房护理质量敏感指标。2轮专家权威系数分别为0.86、0.89,协调系数分别为0.47、0.55(均P<0.05),护理质量敏感指标应用组的产妇满意度、正常分娩率、会阴完整率、早期皮肤接触/早吸吮率及硬膜外分娩镇痛实施率均高于传统护理管理组(P<0.05),阴道试产中转剖宫产率、产后出血率低于传统护理管理组(P<0.05), 新生儿窒息率及护理不良事件发生率中侧切伤口感染率、新生儿产伤发生率与传统护理管理组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：产房护理质量敏感指标的构建并应用于产房护理质量管理中,提高了产房的护理质量和产妇对护理工作的满意度。     

多维度评估对特发性脊柱侧凸进展高峰期的预测价值

目的:通过多维度评估特发性脊柱侧凸(idiopathic scoliosis,IS)患儿侧凸进展高峰期(peak angle velocity,PAV)的相应成熟度指标,探讨其对PAV的预测价值。方法:选取初诊时月经未至、Risser征0级,Y三角软骨未闭、以半年为周期随访至少5次且进展超过5°的女性IS患儿30例,初诊年龄为10.8±1.5岁(7.8~12.1岁)。随访时收集及测量的指标包括实足年龄、Y三角软骨闭合状态、Risser征、身高、主弯Cobb角和骨龄(digital skeletal age,DSA)评分。计算每个随访周期内的身高增长速度(height velocity,HV)和Cobb角增长速度(angle velocity,AV)。采用逻辑回归分析各维度指标对PAV的预测价值。结果:30例患儿的PAV年龄为11.8±1.3岁(10~15岁),PAV时的身高为150.7±4.8cm,DSA评分为479.4±56.5,主弯Cobb角为26.5°±7.2°,HV为8.3±3.7cm/年,AV为7.8°±5.2°/年。PAV主要发生于Risser征0级(80.0%)和1级(20.0%)。逻辑回归分析结果显示PAV的发生与实足年龄介于11~13岁之间(OR=3.166,P=0.032)、Y软骨闭合(OR=6.365,P0.01)、Risser征0级(OR=12.963,P0.01)、DSA评分介于400~500之间(OR=10.758,P=0.011)、HV6cm/年(OR=4.346,P=0.025)、Cobb角30°(OR=9.535,P=0.013)呈显著相关。结论:年龄介于11~13岁之间、Risser征0级伴Y软骨闭合、DSA评分介于400~500之间、HV6cm/年和Cobb角30°为女性IS患儿侧凸PAV的高危因素,可用于预测PAV的发生,评估侧凸进展风险。     

Short-term effects of a pay-for-performance programme for diabetes in a primary care setting: an observational study

Objective A pay-for-performance (P4P) programme for primary care was introduced in 2011 by a Swedish county (with 1.6 million inhabitants). Effects on register entry practice and comparability of data for patients with diabetes mellitus were assessed.Design and setting Observational study analysing short-term outcomes before and after introduction of a P4P programme in the study county as compared with a reference county.Subjects A total of 84 053 patients reported to the National Diabetes Register by 349 primary care units.Main outcome measures Completeness of data, level and target achievement of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and LDL cholesterol (LDL).Results In the study county, newly recruited patients who were entered during the incentive programme were less well controlled than existing patients in the register – they had higher HbA1c (54.9 [54.5–55.4] vs. 53.7 [53.6–53.9] mmol/mol), BP, and LDL. The percentage of patients with entry of BP, HbA1c, LDL, albuminuria, and smoking increased in the study county but not in the reference county (+26.3% vs –1.5%). In the study county, with an incentive for BP < 130/80 mmHg, BP data entry behaviour was altered with an increased preference for sub-target BP values and a decline in zero end-digit readings (38.3% vs. 33.7%, p < 0.001).Conclusion P4P led to increased register entry, increased completeness of data, and altered BP entry behaviour. Analysis of newly added patients and data shows that missing patients and data can cause performance to be overestimated. Potential effects on reporting quality should be considered when designing payment programmes.

Key points

• A pay-for-performance programme, with a focus on data entry, was introduced in a primary care region in Sweden.
• Register data entry in the National Diabetes Register increased and registration behaviour was altered, especially for blood pressure.
• Newly entered patients and data during the incentive programme were less well controlled.
• Missing data in a quality register can cause performance to be overestimated.

     

手术室护理安全管理评价指标体系的构建研究

目的 通过探讨影响手术室护士护理安全管理因素,为完善相关评价指标及管理体系提供依据.方法 采用质性研究的方法,初步了解手术患者对手术安全的需求以及手术室护士对安全护理管理的相关认知,为初步构建手术室护理安全管理评价指标提供参考;通过对相关专家的咨询并对初步方案进行修订,确定手术室护理安全评价管理评价指标体系.采用现况调查研究,获取手术室患者护理安全的相关情况,进一步验证既定的手术室患者安全评价指标体系并对其进行修改.结果 经过专家咨询,最终确定了含有3个一级指标,12个二级指标的手术室护理安全管理评价体系.通过现况调查可知手术室护士对护理安全相关知识掌握程度得分均＞4分;手术室护士普遍对手术中的安全护理相关知识掌握度较高;影响手术室护士护理安全相关知识掌握的主要因素为工作的年限、技术职称以及从事的工作.结论 构建的手术室护理安全管理评价指标体系在临床上具有良好的可操作性和实用性,较为贴合手术室护士的临床需求并突出了手术室的工作特点,值得临床手术室进行推广.     

冠心病射血分数正常心力衰竭患者左室舒张末压与无创指标的相关性

目的：通过左室舒张末压（LVEDP）与无创指标对比,探讨其在冠心病射血分数正常心力衰竭（HF－NEF）患者的诊断价值。方法对59例冠心病患者行超声检测 E／A 值、E／E′值等,血清检测 NT －proBNP 等。并行冠状动脉造影检查,评定 Gensini 积分、侧支评分,测定 LVEDP。分为左室舒张功能（LVDF）正常组（LVEDP≤16 mmHg）、LVDF 异常组（LVEDP ＞16 mmHg）。结果空腹血糖、NT －proBNP、Gensini 积分、E／E′值在 LVDF 异常组比 LVDF 正常组显著升高（P ＜0.05）。多元线性回归分析提示：LVEDP 与 NT －proBNP 显著相关（P ＝0.000）,标准偏回归系数为0.490（95％CI 0.004～0.010）;LVEDP 与 E／E′值显著相关（P ＝0.001）,标准偏回归系数为0.381（95％CI 0.171～0.590）。结论冠状动脉的病变程度和 LVDF 相关。 E／E′值和 NT －proBNP 能反映 LVDF,可作为临床评价 HFNEF 的有效指标。     

Quality of diabetes care predicts the development of cardiovascular events: results of the QuED study

Background and aimIn the context of the QuED Study we assessed whether a quality of care summary score was able to predict the development of cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods and resultsThe score was calculated using process and intermediate outcome indicators (HbA_1c, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, microalbuminuria) and ranged from 0 to 40. Overall, 3235 patients were enrolled, of whom 492 developed a CV event after a median follow-up of 5 years. The incidence rate (per 1000 person-years) of CV events was 62.4 in patients with a score ≤10, 54.8 in those with a score between 15 and 20, and 39.8 in those with a score >20. In adjusted multilevel regression models, the risk to develop a CV event was 89% greater in patients with a score of ≤10 (rate ratio [RR] = 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43–2.50) and 43% higher in those with a score between 10 and 20 (RR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.14–1.79), as compared to those with a score >20. A difference between centers of 5 points in the mean quality score was associated with a difference of 16% in CV event risk (RR = 0.84; 95% CI 0.72–0.98).ConclusionOur study documented for the first time a close relationship between a score of quality of diabetes care and long-term outcomes.     

Profiling nursing homes using Bayesian hierarchical modeling

OBJECTIVES: New methods developed to improve the statistical basis of provider profiling may be particularly applicable to nursing homes. We examine the use of Bayesian hierarchical modeling in profiling nursing homes on their rate of pressure ulcer development. DESIGN: Observational study using Minimum Data Set data from 1997 and 1998. SETTING: A for-profit nursing home chain. PARTICIPANTS: Residents of 108 nursing homes who were without a pressure ulcer on an index assessment. MEASUREMENTS: Nursing homes were compared on their performance on risk-adjusted rates of pressure ulcer development calculated using standard statistical techniques and Bayesian hierarchical modeling. RESULTS: Bayesian estimates of nursing home performance differed considerably from rates calculated using standard statistical techniques. The range of risk-adjusted rates among nursing homes was 0% to 14.3% using standard methods and 1.0% to 4.8% using Bayesian analysis. Fifteen nursing homes were designated as outliers based on their z scores, and two were outliers using Bayesian modeling. Only one nursing home had greater than a 50% probability of having a true rate of ulcer development exceeding 4%. CONCLUSIONS: Bayesian hierarchical modeling can be successfully applied to the problem of profiling nursing homes. Results obtained from Bayesian modeling are different from those obtained using standard statistical techniques. The continued evaluation and application of this new methodology in nursing homes may ensure that consumers and providers have the most accurate information regarding performance.