Lower lip repair using double opposing rectangular rotation flaps with reconstruction of the mentolabial groove and mental protuberance

The use of a rectangular flap is a well known technique for upper lip repair in cleft lip, but is less common for lower lip repair after tumour resection. We have found this type of flap to be favourable for lower lip reconstruction, especially for the lip to mental region. We describe herein an improvement to the technique in which two opposing rectangular flaps, with the length of one side equal to the vertical distance from the mentolabial groove to the vermilion border, were raised on the lateral sides of a U-shaped defect. Reconstruction was performed by interdigitation of the two flaps and a bilateral vermilion advancement flap. This new approach allows a distinct mentolabial groove and mental protuberance to be created by utilizing two opposing rectangular flaps and redundant tissue, without sacrificing sensation and muscle function. Our results suggest that the technique provides excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes in restoration of the lower lip in properly selected patients.     

改良头皮冠状切口在颧骨复合体骨折中的应用

目的:探讨改良头皮冠状切口在各类颧骨复合体骨折坚固内固定术中的应用。方法:将87例颧骨复合体骨折病例分为改良组和传统组,分别应用改良冠状切口(42例)与传统切口(45例)进行复位和固定,对比分析改良冠状切口的优越性、可能并发症及预防措施。结果:改良组切口均Ⅰ期愈合,随访3⁶个月,面部瘢痕不明显,开口度恢复理想,咬合关系正常,术后秃发率及颞部凹陷率较低,无1例出现面神经功能障碍。传统组中,2例术后第5天出现创区感染,切口延期愈合,术后肿胀反应明显;4例患者术后3月时仍存在面神经功能障碍,术后秃发率及颞部凹陷率较高。结论:改良冠状切口较传统切口具有切口隐蔽、术野暴露好、复位精确、美观效果好、面神经损伤率低等优点,值得推广应用。     

Elevation of serum CXCL16 level correlates well with atherosclerotic ischemic stroke

Introduction

Currently there are no reliable biological markers for ischemic stroke. The novel chemokine CXCL16 is known to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the real role of CXCL16 in atherosclerotic disorders remains uncertain. The goal of our study was to investigate the associations between serum-soluble CXCL16 level and atherosclerotic ischemic stroke, including large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and small artery occlusion (SAO) subtypes, and to explore whether elevation in CXCL16 levels is correlated with the severity of large arterial stenosis.

Material and methods

The study recruited 227 subjects, including 74 controls and 153 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke from atherosclerosis of the carotid artery. The etiology of the acute ischemic strokes was classified into LAA (n = 86) subtype and SAO (n = 67) subtype according to the TOAST criteria, and the severity of carotid artery stenosis was assessed by the NASCET criteria. Serum-soluble CXCL16 concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Serum CXCL16 concentrations were significantly increased in both LAA (2.36 ng/ml) and SAO subtypes (2.13 ng/ml) when compared to that of the controls (2.04 ng/ml, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), and it was significantly elevated in LAA subtype than in SAO subtype (p < 0.05). However, significant differences in CXCL16 levels between the high-grade stenosis group (2.36 ng/ml) and moderate-grade stenosis group (2.24 ng/ml) of LAA subtype were not found (p > 0.05). A correlation of serum levels of CXCL16 with serum levels of hs-CRP, fibrinogen and lipid parameters was not observed (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Increased serum level of soluble CXCL16 was independently associated with atherosclerotic ischemic stroke, particularly LAA subtype.     

超声下不同部位下肢静脉血栓与肺栓塞发生的关联性分析

目的：通过下肢静脉超声检查结果来分析不同部位下肢静脉血栓与肺栓塞之间的关系,为肺栓塞患者的病情评估以及治疗方案提供帮助。方法：回顾性分析2018年1月初至2019年12月底上海交通大学附属胸科医院心内科收治的312例患者,所有患者均行CT肺动脉造影及下肢静脉超声检查,按照检查结果分为肺栓塞组和非肺栓塞组,根据超声检查结果以及病史资料的差别作单因素和多因素相关性分析。结果：两组患者的性别构成比、年龄、肺癌合并情况、下肢静脉血栓发生率及发生部位均存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。肺栓塞组肌间静脉、股静脉、腘静脉、胫后静脉和腓静脉血栓发生率均显著高于非肺栓塞组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,存在下肢静脉血栓与肺栓塞的发生存在显著关联（OR= 8.344,95%CI: 4.867- 14.304）,其中存在肌间静脉血栓（OR=2.996,95%CI: 1.630-5.509）、腘静脉血栓（OR=5.536,95%CI: 1.646-18.623）、胫后静脉血栓（OR=6.685,95%CI: 1.789-24.990）均与更高的肺栓塞发生率显著相关。结论：下肢静脉血栓患者的肺栓塞风险显著增加,存在肌间静脉血栓、腘静脉血栓、胫后静脉血栓均为肺栓塞的独立危险因素。     

三维扫描定制压力袜结合康复训练对老年患者下肢水肿的疗效观察

目的:评价三维扫描定制压力袜、传统市售医用压力袜在老年下肢水肿患者中的康复疗效。方法:将60例老年下肢水肿患者按随机数字表分为观察组和对照组,每组30例,两组患者均予常规康复治疗(包括手法牵拉肌肉、向心性肢体按摩、无痛范围内关节活动等训练)。对照组在常规康复基础上患肢穿戴市售批量生产传统医用压力袜,观察组在常规康复基础上穿戴三维扫描定制梯级压力袜,每天均穿戴16h。于治疗前、治疗3d、7d、14d、28d时分别采用圆桶溢水测量法测患肢下肢体积、采用Biomaster评估系统测关节活动度、语义差异标尺法评测压力舒适性。结果:①观察组在治疗7d、14d、28d时患肢体积减少值与对照组相比有明显差异(P0.01),观察组随治疗时间延长患肢体积减少值依次增加(P0.05),对照组不同治疗时间点间无明显差异(P0.05);②观察组在治疗7d、14d、28d时患肢踝关节被动背屈活动度增加值与对照组相比有明显差异(P0.05—0.001),观察组在治疗14d、28d时患肢踝关节被动跖屈活动度增加差值与对照组相比有明显差异(P0.001),观察组随治疗时间延长患肢踝关节背屈和跖屈被动活动度增加值依次升高(P0.001),对照组不同治疗时间点间无明显差异(P0.05);③观察组在治疗7d、14d、28d时压迫感评分明显高于对照组(P0.05),在治疗3d、7d、14d、28d时舒适感评分高于对照组(P0.001)。对照组随治疗时间延长压迫感和舒适度均依次降低(P0.05),观察组不同时间点间无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:三维扫描定制梯级压力袜能持续作用于水肿肢体,减轻下肢水肿的同时改善关节活动度,舒适安全有效。     

经外耳皮肤电刺激迷走神经对脑梗死偏瘫患者上肢运动功能恢复的影响

摘要 目的：探讨经外耳皮肤电刺激迷走神经（transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation, t-VNS）对脑梗死偏瘫患者上肢运动功能的影响。 方法：将确定入组的42例脑梗死患者随机分配至试验组（t-VNS+常规治疗）及对照组（sham-t-VNS+常规治疗）。入组0天进行基线评定,入组后21天进行治疗后的评价。评定内容包括上肢Fugl-Meyer评分（Fugl-Meyer assessment, FMA）、Wolf运动功能测试（Wolf motor function test,WMFT）、功能独立性评定（functional independence measurement,FIM）。同时治疗过程中及治疗后观察可能出现的副作用。 结果：治疗前两组患者的上肢FMA、WMFT、FIM评分均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。治疗21天后,两组上肢FMA、WMFT、FIM评分均较治疗前提高（P＜0.05）,并且试验组指标优于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗过程中及治疗后未出现明显的不良反应。 结论：t-VNS对脑梗死偏瘫患者上肢运动功能恢复的具有促进作用,并且无明显副作用。     

扁平足楼梯行走的下肢表面肌电特性

目的 探究楼梯行走时扁平足下肢肌肉在运动控制中的表现。方法 2019年3月至6月,招募男性受试者20例,其中正常足10例,扁平足10例(均为左脚),运用Noraxon表面肌电系统采集平地行走、楼梯行走时左右胫骨前肌(TA)、内侧腓肠肌(MG)、外侧腓肠肌(LG)、股直肌(RF)、股二头肌(BF)表面肌电信号,分析平均幅值和积分肌电的变化。结果 上楼梯时,扁平足TA、RF、BF的平均幅值大于正常足(|t| > 2.461, P< 0.05);下楼梯时,扁平足MG的平均幅值大于正常足(t = -1.976, P< 0.05),BF的平均幅值小于正常足(t = 2.298, P< 0.05);与平地行走相比,扁平足上楼梯时TA、RF、BF的平均幅值增加(|t| > 2.257, P < 0.05),下楼梯时RF、BF的平均幅值增加(| t| > 2.630, P < 0.05)。上楼梯时,扁平足TA、MG、LG、RF和BF的积分肌电均大于正常足(| t| > 2.492, P < 0.01);下楼梯时,扁平足MG的积分肌电大于正常足( t = -5.271, P < 0.05),BF的积分肌电小于正常足( t = 2.685, P < 0.05);与平地行走相比,扁平足上楼梯时TA、MG、LG、BF的积分肌电均增大(| t| > 2.088, P < 0.05),下楼梯时TA、LG、RF的积分肌电均降低( t > 2.059, P < 0.05)。 结论 楼梯行走时,扁平足为控制关节过度外旋,肌肉出现补偿反应。     

基于孤立性护理行为规避的环节协作护理模式在下肢深静脉血栓介入溶栓治疗中的应用

目的观察基于孤立性护理行为规避的环节协作护理模式在下肢深静脉血栓介入溶栓治疗中的应用效果。方法将2018年1月~9月于我院接受下肢深静脉血栓介入溶栓治疗患者40例设为对照组。将2018年10~2019年6月于我院收治的同类患者40例设为试验组。对照组接受常规护理服务。试验组接受基于孤立性护理行为规避的环节协作护理模式。并对两组干预后的各观察指标进行比较。结果试验组干预后特质与状态焦虑评分、手术相关并发症发生率、术后下床活动时间及总住院时间显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用基于孤立性护理行为规避的环节协作护理模式对下肢深静脉血栓介入溶栓治疗者施加干预,有助于缓解患者焦虑情绪,提高治疗安全性与康复进程的发展。