超声复合微泡促进骨髓间充质干细胞归巢对大鼠前列腺炎的治疗作用

目的 研究静脉注射骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)对大鼠前列腺炎的治疗作用.方法 贴壁法分离、培养、扩增BMSCs.将50只SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为慢性细菌性前列腺炎(chronic bacterial prostatitis,CBP)组、CBP+BMSCs组、CBP+超声复合微泡(microbubble-enhanced therapeutic ultrasound,MEUS)组、CBP+ MEUS+ BMSCs组和正常对照组,每组10只.在小动物超声引导下向大鼠前列腺两侧叶内注射大肠埃希菌建立前列腺炎症模型,注入细菌1～14 d为急性炎症期,4～ 12周为慢性炎症期,对照组注入等量PBS.建模28 d后经静脉单纯注入BMSCs、单纯行MEUS及行MEUS+注入BMSCs,活体成像观察BMSCs向前列腺归巢情况.观察移植BMSCs 2周后大鼠前列腺组织病理学变化并作炎症评分,RT-PCR检测炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α mRNA,ELISA检测IL-1β、TNF-α蛋白含量,统计分析各组表达差异.结果 前列腺组织病理学提示CBP组、CBP+ BMSCs组、CBP+ MEUS组前列腺呈典型炎症病理变化,腺管上皮增生,层次增加,炎细胞浸润,纤维组织增生,而CBP+ MEUS+ BMSCs组大鼠前列腺炎症明显减轻.RT-PCR检测结果提示CBP组炎症因子IL-1β(0.282±0.067)、TNF-α(0.631 ±0.116),CBP+BMSCs组IL-1[β(0.893 ±0.117)、TNF-α(0.876 ±0.137),CBP+ MEUS组IL-1β(0.683 ±0.097)、TNF-α(0.814±0.127)高于正常对照组IL-1β(0.282±0.067)、TNF-α(0.256±0.059)和CBP+MEUS+BMSCs组IL-1β(0.322±0.086)、TNF-α(0.313 ±0.079) (P ＜0.05);ELISA检测结果显示CBP组炎症因子IL-1β[(315.14±86.08) pg/mL]、TNF-α[(86.41 ±24.32) pg/mL],CBP+BMSCs组IL-1 β[(278.87±72.04) pg/mL]、TNF-α[(67.77±16.98) pg/mL],CBP+ MEUS组IL-1 β[(321.24 ±93.12) pg/mL]、TNF-α[(79.14±19.17) pg/mL]含量均显著高于正常对照组[IL-1β(43.36±11.35) pg/mL、TNF-α(13.26±3.97) pg/mL]和CBP+MEUS+BMSCs组[IL-1 β (65.34±17.23) pg/mL、TNF-α(19.94±5.37) pg/mL],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而CBP+ MEUS+ BMSCs组与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 超声复合微泡促进BMSCs向前列腺归巢,能够减轻前列腺炎症反应,可能为前列腺炎的治疗带来新策略.     

高强度聚焦超声不完全消融对体外培养肝癌细胞的影响

目的通过高强度聚焦超声不完全消融筛选残留肝癌细胞,探讨其生物学行为改变及对血管形成的影响。方法在声功率5 W下,获得高强度聚焦超声辐照肝癌细胞的温度-时间关系,在某一温度下筛选出高强度聚焦超声不完全消融最佳肝癌细胞亚系并继续培养获得稳定子代。细胞活性实验检测细胞增殖率及热耐受性;划痕实验和Transwell小室侵袭实验检测迁移和侵袭能力;观察内皮细胞管腔形成的变化。结果随着高强度聚焦超声照射时间增加,温度增加,细胞死亡率增加,在48℃及以上温度肝癌SMMC7721细胞基本全部死亡,而47℃筛选出的SMMC7721肝癌细胞亚系增殖率、热耐受性较正常肝癌细胞增强(P<0.05),运动能力、侵袭能力无明显变化(P>0.05);并能促进内皮细胞增殖、迁移和管腔形成(P<0.05)。结论高强度聚焦超声能够杀灭肿瘤细胞,然而高强度聚焦超声不完全消融会促使肝癌细胞生物学行为转变并能促进血管形成。     

彩色多普勒超声在活体肝移植术中的应用价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在活体肝移植术中的应用价值.方法 选用彩色多普勒手术专用探头,在33例亲体肝移植术中观察记录肝中静脉及其分支结构的解剖信息,监测11例供肝植入血管重建后疑似肝血流异常病例的血管血流通畅情况.结果 术中确认37例供体(其中双供体肝移植4例)肝中静脉全程走行并指导供肝切除分界线的选择;手术结束前发现1例肝动脉部分血栓形成、1例肝动脉痉挛、1例门静脉扭曲、1例门静脉急性血栓形成、1例门静脉远端陈旧性机化血栓未彻底取除、1例门静脉吻合口成角狭窄.结论 在活体肝移植术中运用彩色多普勒超声可以指导选择最佳的肝脏切面,避免损伤重要结构,准确的评估血管吻合后血流的通畅情况.     

心肾综合征患者心脏结构功能、BNP、Cys-C变化与CKD分期的相关性

目的:探讨心肾综合征(cardiorenal syndrome,CRS)患者超声心动图变化及全血脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)、胱抑素C(Cystatin C,Cys-C)水平等与慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)分期的关系。方法:我院肾内科符合标准的84例CRS患者,检测入院时的全血BNP、Cys-C水平,并检测超声心动图及心电图,收集相关参数进行分析。结果:CKD3、4、5期CRS患者之间,全血BNP、Cys-C水平有显著差异,各组之间左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左室后壁厚度(LVPW)、E峰、E/A、心率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而BNP和LVDd与CKD分期的相关性更加密切。结论:CKD 3~5期CRS患者心脏结构改变主要表现在左室舒张末期内径、左室后壁厚度增加等,心功能障碍主要表现在舒张功能受累。联合全血BNP、Cys-C水平、超声心动图及心电图检查可以作为观察CRS病情的有效指标,有利于预防及早期治疗。     

Incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the anatomic and functional consequences of lateral internal sphincterotomy in patients who developed anal incontinence and in matched controls. METHODS: The study includes 13 patients with anal incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy and 13 controls who underwent the same operation and were continent and satisfied with the results of the procedure. Patients underwent clinical evaluation, anorectal manometry, pudendal nerve terminal motor latency testing, and endoanal ultrasonography. RESULTS: Sphincterotomies were longer in incontinent patients (75vs. 57 percent), but the resting pressure and length of the high-pressure zone were not different between groups. Surprisingly, maximum voluntary contraction was higher in incontinent patients than in continent controls (136vs. 100 mmHg). Rectal sensation and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency were similar in both groups. The defect in the internal sphincter was wider in incontinent patients than in continent controls (17.3vs. 14.4 mm), but these differences were not statistically significant. The thickness of the internal sphincter measured by endoanal ultrasound was identical in both groups, but the external sphincter was thinner in incontinent patients both at the site of the sphincterotomy (6.8vs. 8.1 mm) and in the posterior midline (7.1vs. 8.6 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Anal incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy is directly related to the length of the sphincterotomy. Whether secondary to preoperative sphincter abnormality or the result of lateral internal sphincterotomy, the external sphincter is thinner in incontinent patients than in continent controls.Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, May 7 to 12, 1995.     

"Ultrasound comet-tail images": a marker of pulmonary edema: a comparative study with wedge pressure and extravascular lung water

BACKGROUND: Echographic examination of the lung surface may reveal multiple "comet-tail images" originating from water-thickened interlobular septa. These images could be useful for noninvasive assessment of interstitial pulmonary edema. STUDY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of lung comet-tail images compared with chest radiography, wedge pressure, and extravascular lung water (EVLW) quantified by the indicator dilution method (PiCCO System, version 4.1; Pulsion Medical Systems; Munich, Germany). METHODS AND PATIENTS: We enrolled 20 patients (mean age, 62.6 +/- 11.5 years [+/- SD]). Patients were studied before, immediately after, and 24 h following cardiac surgery with chest ultrasound, chest radiography, pulmonary artery catheterization, and the PiCCO system. Performing echo scanning (right and left hemithorax, from second to fourth intercostal space, from parasternal to midaxillary line), an individual patient comet score was obtained by summing the number of comets in each scanned space. RESULTS: A total of 60 comparisons were obtained. Significant positive linear correlations were found between comet score and EVLW determined by the PiCCO System (r = 0.42, p = 0.001), between comet score and wedge pressure (r = 0.48, p = 0.01), and between comet score and radiologic lung water score (r = 0.60, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The presence and the number of comet-tail images provide reliable information on interstitial pulmonary edema. Therefore, ultrasonography represent an attractive, easy-to-use, bedside diagnostic tool for assessing cardiac function and pulmonary congestion.     

低强度脉冲超声在种植牙同期植骨术后的疗效观察

目的：观察低强度脉冲超声（low intensity pulsed ultrasound,LIPUS）对促进种植牙植骨后骨形成的影响。方法：将40例骨量不足、同期进行植骨和植入人工种植体的病例随机分为LIPUS治疗组和对照组,每组各20例,治疗组于术后第3 d开始应用LIPUS治疗8 w。对照组不做特殊处理。所有患者均于术后当日、2、8、12、24 w拍摄CBCT片,观察骨形成情况,对两组患者的骨形成定量检查结果进行统计学分析。结果：LIPUS治疗组新骨形成时间明显短于对照组,X线片新骨定量检查结果表明LIPUS治疗组8 w时新骨形成优于对照组。结论：临床应用LIPUS治疗能够显著促进种植牙同期植骨后的新骨形成。     

经阴道三维超声对LUFS患者卵泡期卵巢血流灌注的评价

目的 利用经阴道三维超声定量分析LUFS患者卵泡期卵巢血流参数,探讨LUFS发生的卵泡期血流灌注特点.方法 选择在卵泡早期、卵泡中期、围排卵期行经阴道三维超声检查,应用VOCAL软件定量分析两组患者优势侧卵巢能量多普勒血流参数VI、FI、VFI.结果 对照组优势侧卵巢血流参数VI、FI、VFI在卵泡3个时期呈上升趋势(P＜0.01); LUFS组优势侧卵巢VI、VFI在各期逐渐升高(P＜0.05),FI则无明显周期性波动(P＞0.05);LUFS组与对照组比较,卵泡中期及围排卵期VI、FI、VFI明显降低(P＜0.05).对照组成熟卵泡血流分级以3～4级为主,LUFS组多呈1～2级.结论 成熟卵泡新生血管数量少,血流量低可能是LUFS发生的血流灌注特点.