Osteogenesis imperfecta: A clinical study of the first ten years of life

Summary One hundred twenty-seven children with osteogenesis imperfecta (O.I.) were studied during the first 10 years of life. According to Sillence, 40 patients were assigned to type I, 39 to type III, and 48 to type IV O.I. Centiles for height, weight, and the annual number of fractures could be established for the different types of O.I. The development of the skeletal changes could be documented for the different forms of the disease. At birth, the skeletal changes were significantly more severe in type III than in type IV patients. During the first 10 years of life the number of fractures, extent of skeletal deformities, and growth retardation did not differ between types III and IV. Only fracture nonunion, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and congenital cardiac malformations were more frequent in type III than in type IV. Papillary calcifications of the kidney and kidney stones were diagnosed in 4 type III and 2 type IV patients. Hemihypertrophy of the body developed, in 2 type I patients. Although types III and IV patients suffered from severe short stature, serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I was in the normal range.     

The Physical Inactivity Matrix: Lessons from the classification of physical inactivity interventions

Physical inactivity (PI), a leading modifiable cause of disease and injury, is endemic in industrialised nations. Although considerable research has been undertaken in this field, we lack a system to synthesise the research literature to inform policy and identify research needs. The aims of this study were to (1) develop a system to classify physical inactivity intervention studies, (2) examine the distribution of PI interventions published in the peer-reviewed health literature using the system, and (3) consider implications for future research. We developed the Physical Inactivity Matrix (PIM), with 12 intervention points, created by the intersection of two dimensions: the intervention target (individual, physical environment and social/cultural environment) and the activity focus (transport, work/school, leisure and consumer). A formal search of the health research literature identified 529 eligible studies and each was classified into one of the 12 cells of the PIM. Most studies were categorised as: individual-leisure (68%), individual-work/school (12%) or social/cultural environment-leisure (13%). Only 4% targeted the physical environment. The findings of this initial application of the PIM support the call for greater investment in policies, interventions and research that focus on the relationship between the environment and PI, and transportation in particular. There would be merit in establishing the inter-rater reliability of the PIM and applying it to a wider variety of studies, including those published in the transportation and urban planning literatures. The PIM could be a useful tool for monitoring trends in research directions and funding levels over time and across countries.     

跟骨撕脱性骨折的分类和治疗

作者将5个足标本人为造成跟骨撕脱性骨折,对其受伤机制和X线检查特点进行观察,通过22例跟骨撕脱骨折病人的临床研究,对跟骨撕脱骨折根据受伤机制和撕脱部位进行了分类。提出了各类骨折的X线投照方法和意义,也提出了各类骨折的最佳治疗方法。     

影像学分型与急性脑梗死患者认知功能关系的研究

目的探讨影像学分型与急性脑梗死患者认知功能关系。方法对136例急性大脑梗死患者于发病后24～72h内行颅脑MRI检查确定梗死部位、测量病灶大小并作出影像学分型，于发病1周内，在患者床前采用简易精神状态检查法（mini—mentalstate examination，MMSE），检测患者的认知功能，并同步进行事件相关电位P300的检测，判断患者认知功能的情况，对比分析应用MRI进行的影像学分型与认知功能关系。结果额叶、颞叶脑梗死患者的MMSE和WAIS—RC评分明显低于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死患者，P300潜伏时明显长于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死的患者，但其P300波幅低于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死的惠者；中梗死和多发性梗死患者的MMSE和WAIS—RC评分明显低于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死患者，B300潜伏时明显长于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死的患者，但其P300波幅低于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死的患者。结论影像学分型与急性脑梗死患者认知功能有相关性。     

手部爆炸伤的临床分型与治疗

目的探讨手部爆炸伤新的临床分型以指导治疗、提高疗效。方法1997～2004年收治106例手部爆炸伤,按爆炸伤的严重程度和伤情特点将其划分四型：Ⅰ型：仅有皮肤灼伤、挫裂伤或手部的小面积皮肤缺损,治疗选用清创缝合或植皮修复;Ⅱ型：手部皮肤软组织缺损合并肌腱或骨关节损伤,但无手指血运障碍,治疗选用骨与关节复位固定、肌腱修复的同时必须采用皮瓣覆盖;Ⅲ型：手部广泛皮肤软组织缺损,伴有肌腱、血管、神经及骨关节损伤,手指缺血、离断或缺失,治疗必须应用显微外科技术实施血管吻合、断指再植或拇手指再造和皮瓣移植;Ⅳ型：手广泛毁损,治疗选择截肢术。结果本组Ⅰ型12例,手功能恢复正常;Ⅱ型31例,手功能恢复较好,14例遗留皮瓣臃肿或肌腱粘连,需二期治疗。Ⅲ型57例,无1例截肢,45例进行了二期功能重建手术,手功能恢复达正常的30%～80%不等;Ⅳ型6例,手功能完全丧失。结论该分型方法简明具体,便于临床判断受伤类型和选择治疗方法,并可估计愈合,对临床处理手部爆炸伤具有较好的指导意义。     

Classification of patients with whiplash associated disorders (WAD): reliable and valid subgroups based on the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI-S).

BACKGROUND: Classification of patients with chronic whiplash associated disorders (WAD) into homogenous subgroups is an important objective in order to tailor interventions and to control for subgroup differences when evaluating treatment outcome. AIMS: The aims of this study were to investigate if it was possible to replicate and describe the three cluster solution and profiles found in other pain groups and describe cluster profiles based on self-reported Multidimensional Pain Inventory-scores for patients with WAD three months after the injury, describe characteristics of the clusters in relation to disability, self-efficacy and coping at the same point in time and to validate the cluster solution by comparing clusters in disability, self-efficacy and coping over time. METHODS: Ninety-one WAD-patients three months after the accident took part in the study. The measures used were the Multidimensional Pain Inventory-Swedish version (MPI-S), The Self-Efficacy Scale, The Coping Strategies Questionnaire and The Pain Disability Index. Cluster analysis was conducted for the total sample MPI-S subscale scores. RESULTS: The adaptive copers cluster represented 42% of the sample, dysfunctional 34% of the sample, and interpersonally distressed 24% of the sample. The external validation of cluster solution showed that there were several significant differences between clusters in self-efficacy, disability and coping measures. There was also a significant interaction effect (clusterxtime) in disability (PDI). Patients in dysfunctional cluster reported a decreased disability over time. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the presence of different subgroups among patients with whiplash associated disorders. This classification can be seen as a complement to a classification based on medical condition.     

胸椎错位并心律异常13例临床报告

目的 探讨脊柱源性心律紊乱的主要发病部位。方法 对13例脊柱病变引发的心律紊乱，主要以纠正上胸段错位为主，采用理筋、整脊和功能锻炼治疗。结果 经治疗均临床治愈，随访半年以上无复发。结论 脊源性心律紊乱主要部位在胸椎。     

特发性脊柱侧凸PUMC分型的可重复性及可信度研究

目的:探讨特发性脊柱侧凸PUMC(协和)分型系统的一致性,并对影响分型一致性的因素进行分析.方法:随机选取南京鼓楼医院2004年～2006年治疗的80例特发性脊柱侧凸患者,其中男性15例,女性65例,平均年龄14.6岁(10～18岁),均有完整的术前站立位正侧位X线片及仰卧位左右Bending片共四张.由4名脊柱外科专科医生分别根据PUMC(协和)分型标准进行分型,2周后此4位医生分别对这些患者的X线片再次进行分型,收集分型结果分别作可信度和可重复性分析,计算Kappa值检验一致性并对影响分型一致性的因素进行统计分析,结果:80例患者均可用PUMC分型,分型可信度平均Kappa值为0.801,可重复性Kappa值为0.878.PUMC分型不一致中包括上胸弯的界定18次;胸弯明显时,代偿性与结构性腰弯的界定15次;腰弯明显时,代偿性与结构性胸弯的界定18次;单弯顶点的判断20次;测量角度的差异18次.结论:PUMC(协和)分型学习曲线相对较短,易于掌握且具有良好的可信度和可重复性.     

寰枢椎脱位的外科分型及其处理对策

目的:寻找一种概念明确的寰枢椎脱位的外科分型方法,为临床处理脱位提供指导方案。方法:总结三家医院收治的168例不同病因所致C1-2脱位患者的临床资料,根据脱位的复位情况将其分为3型:(1)牵引复位型(tractionreductiontype,T型),该型又以复位后的稳定性不同分为T1和T2型;(2)手术复位型(operationreductiontype,O型);(3)不可复位型(irreducibletype,I型)。简称TOI分型。T1型采用牵引或支具治疗8～10周;T2型采用牵引复位后固定融合(其中6例只行C1-2临时固定,不行融合);O型采用前路松解 后路复位固定融合;I型实施减压原位固定融合。根据Symon和Lavender临床标准、JOA脊髓功能评定标准和影像学测量C1-2脊髓有效空间(spaceavailableforthecord,SAC)进行疗效评定。结果:168例中,T型137例(81%),其中T1型71例(43%),T2型66例(38%);O型28例(17%);I型3例(2%)。术前SAC为3～13mm,平均8mm,术后为11～19mm,平均16mm。术后脊髓功能改善率平均为64.7%;临床有效率为88.7%。T型病例中77例未融合固定者愈合后仍保留C1-2活动功能。结论:寰枢椎脱位的TOI外科分型概念清楚,界定明确,可根据分型选择相应的寰枢椎脱位处理方式。