冠状动脉僵硬性病变的切割球囊术后即刻结果

目的　研究新技术切割球囊对僵硬的冠状动脉狭窄病变的效果。方法　 33例病人经应用耐高压球囊高压扩张后 ,对不能扩张的僵硬病变换用切割球囊扩张后 ,对比其扩张结果。结果　切割球囊扩张僵硬性病变的总成功率达 87 9%。当耐高压球囊不能扩开病灶或效果不佳时 ,换用切割球囊 ,应用切割球囊取得了良好的效果 (最小血管内径 2 4 7± 0 5 4mm ,基线血管内径狭窄率 16 %± 15 % )。结论　切割球囊应用较低的压力和较小的扩张时间也可以用于硬性病变或某种程度的钙化病变 ,得到了较高的手术成功率且非常安全 (无心脏事件发生 )。     

急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后心肌灌注的方法评价

目的　联合应用TIMI心肌灌注分级 (TMP)、校正的TIMI画面记帧 (CTFC)、心电图ST段变化 (sumSTR)方法评价急性心肌梗死 (AMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)后心肌灌注程度 ,探讨心肌灌注程度对临床预后的影响。方法　 77例AMI患者PCI后即刻采用TMP CTFC、TMP sumSTR、CTFC sumSTR三种联合方法评价心肌灌注程度 ,PCI术后 1个月检查双核素心肌灌注显像 ,记录 6个月心脏事件。结果　评价心肌灌注程度 ,与双核素心肌灌注显像对比 ,TMP sumSTR敏感性 86 7%、特异性 85 7%、准确性 86 2 % ;TMP CTFC敏感性 80 %、特异性 77 1%、准确性 78 5 % ;多变量回归分析TMP 0 / 1级 sumSTR <30 %为 6个月心脏事件的独立危险因子 (OR=2 1 5 ,95 %可信区间 2 7～ 6 5 7,P =0 0 0 3) ;Kaplan Meier分析曲线显示TMP sumSTR方法评价的心肌灌注不良组 6个月心脏事件高于心肌灌注良好组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　TMP sumSTR、TMP CTFC能更好的评价心肌灌注程度 ;TMP sumSTR可预测 6个月心脏事件。     

Importance of delaying balloon angioplasty in patients with unstable angina pectoris

Angioplasty in patients with unstable coronary artery disease is associated with higher complication rates compared with patients with stable disease. In this report we describe our results from a group of patients with unstable disease (unstable angina pectoris and postmyocardial infarction) where a strategy of delaying angioplasty for >5 days after admission was undertaken. Included are 2069 consecutive patients: 1197 treated for stable angina pectoris and 872 treated during admission for unstable angina or myocardial infarction. There was no difference between the two groups in angioplasty success (92.1% stable, 92.3% unstable), failure to dilate without complication (6.4% stable, 6.1 % unstable), or in the rate of major complications: death (0.5% stable, 1.1% unstable), Q-wave myocardial infarction (0.9% stable, 1.1% unstable), and emergency coronary artery bypass (0.6% stable, 0.3% unstable). The duration of hospitalization following angioplasty was longer in the unstable group (5.6 ± 8.1 days vs. 4.2 ± 4.1 days; p < 0.001) because of longer duration of hep-arin infusion. There was no difference between groups in minor complications such as groin hematoma and pseudoa-neurysm, renal failure, or infections. It was concluded that delaying angioplasty in unstable patients for > 5 days after admission is a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for this group of patients. The need for prolonged heparin infusion after angioplasty is increased in unstable patients and thus the duration of hospitalization after the procedure is longer.     

高龄急性心肌梗死患者直接PCI治疗的安全性及近期疗效分析

目的探讨高龄(75岁以上)急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行直接冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性及住院期间的预后。方法将连续247名接受直接PCI治疗的ST段抬高的AMI患者分为3组:≥75岁为高龄组(研究组,63例),65～74岁(老年组,80例)及<65岁(低龄组,104例)患者为对照组,比较高龄组及两个对照组患者接受直接PCI治疗的安全性及住院期间的预后。结果高龄组患者的外周血管严重病变、冠状动脉多支病变及钙化弥漫性病变多于两个对照组,但三组PCI治疗的成功率相当(分别为90.5%、93.8%和95.2%,P>0.05);高龄组患者PCI后24h内肾功能恶化的发生率显著高于对照组;高龄组患者住院期间严重心血管事件(死亡、再梗死)的发生率较高(分别为12.7%、7.5%、2.9%,P=0.02)。大出血发生率差异无统计学意义。结论ST段抬高的高龄AMI患者直接行PCI治疗安全可行;但近期疗效略逊于低龄患者。     

切割的球囊预扩张对支架置入后再狭窄的影响

目的 :探讨切割的球囊预扩张对支架内再狭窄的影响。方法 :86例Multilinkstent置入患者 ,按预扩张所用球囊不同 ,分为切割的球囊血管成形术 (CBA)组和单纯球囊血管成形术 (POBA)组 ,比较两组支架置入后即刻及远期血管造影随访结果。结果 :治疗后即刻及追踪造影结果显示 ,两组在最小血管径 (MLD)、狭窄度(DS)、晚期内径丢失方面无明显差别 ,内径丢失指数CBA组 (0 .2 8± 0 .15 )较POBA组 (0 .4 2± 0 .2 8)为低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,再狭窄率CBA组为 15 .4 % ,POBA组为 2 5 .0 % ,CBA组呈低的倾向。结论 :CBA预扩张有可能对支架内再狭窄产生有益影响 ,值得进一步探讨     

Occlusion of the Modified Blalock–Taussig Shunt: Unique Methods of Treatment and Review of Catheter‐based Intervention

Objective. To report unique methods of treatment and review catheter‐based intervention for occluded modified Blalock–Taussig shunts (BTS). Methods. Case reports and articles involving children undergoing catheter‐based treatment for occluded modified BTS were reviewed. Results. Literature review detailed 38 patients in whom occluded modified BTS were treated with 39 catheter‐based interventions. Thrombolytics alone were delivered by catheter in 13 cases. Balloon angioplasty was performed in 23 cases, 5 with stent implantation. Both thrombolytic delivery and angioplasty were performed in 3 cases, 2 with stent implantation. Intervention was initially successful at re‐establishing modified BTS patency in 35/39 (90%) of cases. Patency could not be established in 2 patients who then proceeded to the operating for surgical shunt revision. Two deaths occurred during the procedures. Three cases at Emory University demonstrate uncommon or unique instances of catheter‐based intervention: (1) declotting of a shunt in a patient supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); (2) declotting of a shunt via a right axillary arterial approach; and (3) declotting of a shunt using a carotid arterial (ECMO) cannula for percutaneous access. Conclusions. The use of catheter‐based techniques for the treatment of BTS occlusion is highly successful, and potentially avoids high‐risk re‐operative intervention. ECMO can provide for a stable patient during the procedure. Hopefully, with improved technology and innovative procedures, more children in the future with BTS occlusion can be served by successful percutaneous intervention.     

急性心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗联用替罗非班出血情况分析

目的:分析急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者急诊直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)联合应用血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班时出血并发症的发生情况,探讨发生心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)出血事件的相关影响因素。方法:2005年4月至2006年3月,150例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者行直接PCI时应用替罗非班,平均年龄57.8±9.6(35～78)岁,男性116例。分析出血并发症发生情况,根据住院期间出血事件是否达到TIMI出血标准将所有患者分为TIMI出血组(n=10)和非TIMI出血组(n=140),分析两组的相关临床和介入治疗情况,以及出血事件对近期临床预后的影响,探讨应用替罗非班发生TIMI出血事件的相关影响因素。结果:在TIMI出血组中,达到轻、重度出血标准的患者分别占总病例的4.7%和2.0%。住院期间随访发现,发生TIMI轻重度出血的患者住院期间死亡/再梗联合事件发生率明显高于非TIMI出血组(分别为40%和3.6%,P<0.01),住院时间延长(P<0.01)。单因素分析显示,发生TIMI出血事件的患者中,女性比率,补救性应用替罗非班比率和术后即刻的活化部分凝血酶原时间较高(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析提示术后即刻的活化部分凝血酶原时间是急诊PCI治疗应用替罗非班发生TIMI出血事件的独立预测指标(P=0.013,OR=1.458)。结论:急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗时,联合应用替罗非班存在一定的出血发生率,发生TIMI轻重度出血的患者近期预后不良。较高的活化部分凝血酶原时间是应用替罗非班发生TIMI出血事件的独立危险因素。     

低频高能量超声消融冠状动脉内粥样斑块的疗效观察

评价血管内低频高能量超声对冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的消融作用。将 3 0例冠状动脉血管狭窄≥ 75 %的冠心病患者分为超声消融组及经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术组 ,测量消融及冠状动脉球囊成形术前后靶血管的狭窄程度变化 ,检测手术前后心肌型肌酸激酶、心电图ST段及运动试验的改变。结果发现 ,术前二组病变血管狭窄程度无明显差异 ( 85 .8%± 5 .4%比 84.6%± 5 .5 % ,P <0 .0 5 )。超声组消融后狭窄为 43 .0 %± 15 .5 % ,较术前狭窄降低 43 .5 %± 17.8% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,5例消融后残余狭窄 <3 0 %。消融术后患者ST段均明显上移 ,运动试验指标与术前比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,术后各时相点心肌型肌酸激酶与术前比较无明显变化。经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术组术后狭窄较术前明显降低 ( 2 0 .9%± 2 .9%比 84.6%± 5 .5 % ,P <0 .0 1) ,与超声组比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。超声组与经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术组术后运动试验结果无显著差异。结果提示 ,低频高能量超声能有效地裂解粥样硬化斑块 ,降低斑块所致冠状动脉的狭窄程度 ,是恢复冠状动脉血流的又一有效手段     

体重指数与进行血管重建的冠心病患者预后的关系

目的了解体重指数(BMI)对接受血管重建治疗的冠心病患者预后的影响。方法DESIRE-plus为单中心回顾性注册研究,入选2004年7月1日至2005年9月30日在北京安贞医院接受血管重建治疗的3632例患者,2006年9月1日到11月30日对患者进行电话或门诊随访。本研究入选DESIRE-plus中有体重指数(BMI)资料的病例2895例。将这些患者按BMI分为四组,BMI<20组(低体重组),BMI20～24.9组(正常体重组),BMI25～29.9(超重组)和BMI≥30(肥胖组),比较不同组别之间的临床情况和预后情况。不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)包括全因死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、非致死性卒中和再次血管重建。结果低体重组92例,正常体重组1106例,超重组1454例,肥胖组243例。平均随访542d,与正常体重的患者相比,在调整了其他因素后,低体重组总死亡风险最高(HR2.711,95%CI1.159～6.341),超重组(HR0.926,95%CI0.541～1.588)和肥胖组(HR0.151,95%CI0.019～1.178)的总死亡风险并未增加。BMI对总MACCE及心血管病死亡无显著影响。结论在进行血运重建的冠心病患者中,尽管超重和肥胖者相对体重正常者有更多的危险因素,但是接受血运重建治疗后的预后不比体重正常者差,而低体重者的死亡风险增加。     

The whole nine yards: multiple cardiac surgical and percutaneous interventions in a patient during 30 years of care

A 38-year-old man underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery for angina pectoris following myocardial infarction. During the following 28 years, he required two repeat coronary artery bypass graft surgical procedures, nine percutaneous coronary interventions and 17 coronary angiograms. His treatment included saphenous vein, left internal mammary artery and gastroepiploic artery grafting, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and intragraft thrombolytic therapy, directional coronary atherectomy, cutting balloon angioplasty, intracoronary stenting with bare-metal and drug-eluting stents, treatment for in-stent restenosis, stenting of the left main and circumflex coronary arteries and saphenous vein graft as well as intracoronary pressure wire diagnostics. In addition to his statin therapy, antiplatelets and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, he also underwent biventricular automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation and atrioventricular node radiofrequency ablation for his impaired left ventricular function, ventricular tachycardia and rapid atrial fibrillation. The present unusual case represents almost 'the whole nine yards' of treatment that has become available to patients with coronary artery disease during the past 30 years of technological development.