Effect of stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis in neural stem cell transplantation for Parkinson’s disease

Previous studies have shown that neural stem cell transplantation has the potential to treat Parkinson’s disease,but its specific mechanism of action is still unclear.Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor,chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4),are important regulators of cell migration.We speculated that the CXCR4/stromal cell-derived factor 1 axis may be involved in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.A Parkinson’s disease rat model was injected with 6-hydroxydopamine via the right ascending nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway,and then treated with 5μL of neural stem cell suspension(1.5×104/L)in the right substantia nigra.Rats were intraperitoneally injected once daily for 3 days with 1.25 mL/kg of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 to observe changes after neural stem cell transplantation.Parkinson-like behavior in rats was detected using apomorphine-induced rotation.Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,the mRNA expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra were measured.In addition,western blot assays were performed to analyze the protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4.Our results demonstrated that neural stem cell transplantation noticeably reduced apomorphine-induced rotation,increased the mRNA and protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra,and enhanced the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Injection of AMD3100 inhibited the aforementioned effects.These findings suggest that the stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis may play a significant role in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease.This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Kunming Medical University,China(approval No.SYXKK2015-0002)on April 1,2014.     

急性白血病医院感染病原学分析及HIF-1α、VEGF和Bcl-2表达研究

目的 探讨急性白血病医院感染病原学分析及缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)表达研究。 方法 选择舟山市普陀区人民医院和浙江省人民医院于2014年1月—2017年12月收治的急性白血病患者171例,分析医院感染发生率、病原菌分布及主要病原菌耐药情况。取患者骨髓组织病理切片,采用免疫组化染色法测定HIF-1α、VEGF和Bcl-2表达,以平均光密度值进行定量分析。 结果 急性白血病住院患者171例,发生医院感染患者54例(医院感染率为31.58%);感染部位以呼吸道、口腔和胃肠道为主,分别占35.19%、24.07%和16.67%;共分离病原菌71株,革兰阴性菌39株占54.93%;71株病原菌中,肺炎克雷伯菌15株占21.13%、金黄色葡萄球菌12株占16.90%、铜绿假单胞菌10株占14.08%、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌9株占12.68%。分离的革兰阴性菌中,肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢哌酮耐药率较高,耐药率为53.33%;铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林耐药率较高,耐药率为60.00%。分离的革兰阳性菌中,金黄色葡萄球菌对红霉素耐药率较高,耐药率为75.00%;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对红霉素耐药率较高,耐药率为66.67%。感染组骨髓组织中HIF-1α和VEGF平均光密度值高于未感染组而Bcl-2平均光密度值低于未感染组,且差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。 结论 急性白血病住院患者医院感染率较高,病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,且感染患者骨髓组织中HIF-1α和VEGF呈高表达而Bcl-2呈低表达,具有重要研究意义。      

归脾丸加减对围绝经期功血患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探究归脾丸加减对围绝经期功血患者免疫功能、白细胞介素2(IL-2)、可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(sIL-2R)的影响。方法:选取2019年3月至2018年6月山东省济南市中西医结合医院收治的符合纳入条件的围绝经期功血患者118例作为研究对象,按照就诊顺序编号随机分为对照组和观察组,每组59例。对照组常规西医治疗,观察组加用归脾丸加减治疗,均治疗3个月。观察2组治疗前、完成治疗后T淋巴细胞亚群、IL-2、sIL-2R、凝血功能、子宫内膜厚度、激素水平、症状积分变化;完成治疗后统计治疗过程中的不良反应。结果:1)完成治疗后,2组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、IL-2较治疗前均显著升高,CD8+、sIL-2R则显著下降(P<0.05);完成治疗后观察组CD8+、sIL-2R显著低于于对照组,余均高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)完成治疗后2组凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、子宫内膜厚度较治疗前均显著下降(P<0.05),完成治疗后观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)完成治疗后2组黄体生成素(LH)、促排卵生成素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)较治疗前均显著下降(P<0.05),完成治疗后观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。4)完成治疗后2组月经周期、阴道出血量、阴道出血天数、神疲乏力积分较治疗前均显著下降(P<0.05),完成治疗后观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。5)完成治疗后观察组胃肠道反应、体质量增加、肝功能异常、乳房胀痛发生率均显著低于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:归脾丸加减能提高围绝经期功血患者免疫功能,抑制IL-2、sIL-2R,改善凝血功能,从而改善症状,提高疗效。     

从《温疫论》浅谈调脾胃防治新型冠状病毒肺炎

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者除呼吸道症状以外,常伴有纳差腹胀、大便不调等消化道症状,舌苔往往厚腻,有湿邪侵犯中焦的特点。中医认为脾胃与肺关系密切,手太阴肺经起于中焦,下络大肠,还循胃口,与脾共司水液代谢。同时从国家及各地区发布的COVID-19中医诊疗方案中也可看出,针对脾胃的治疗贯穿始终,与《温疫论》中的观点不谋而合,因此在治肺的基础上应当重视脾胃的治疗。结合《温疫论》中相关论述及现有的报道和临床资料,参照《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第五版)》疾病分期,探讨从脾胃角度防治COVID-19。     

温阳解毒化瘀颗粒对肝衰竭IETM大鼠TLR4 mRNA,TNF-α及肝细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究Toll样受体4(TLR4) mRNA及其下游炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)与肝衰竭肠源性内毒素血症(IETM)大鼠肝细胞凋亡的关系,并探索温阳解毒化瘀颗粒对内毒素介导的肝细胞凋亡的调控机制。方法:SPF级雄性SD大鼠85只,随机分为正常组,模型组,TLR4单克隆抗体组和温阳解毒化瘀颗粒组(8.925 g·kg^-1)。采用D-半乳糖胺(D-Gal)腹腔注射建立肝衰竭IETM模型,TLR4单克隆抗体组和温阳解毒化瘀颗粒组在造模前5 d给予温阳解毒化瘀颗粒溶液灌胃,正常组、模型组以等容积蒸馏水代替,直至处死。各组分别在24,48,72 h随机处死大鼠并采集标本。检测24,48,72 h各组时间点血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT),天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察肝组织病理变化,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测肝组织TLR4 mRNA表达,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测肝组织TNF-α表达,流式细胞仪检测肝细胞凋亡率。结果:与正常组比较,模型组ALT,AST升高,肝组织病理损伤程度明显加重,TLR4mRNA,TNF-α表达均增高(P<0.05,P<0.01),肝细胞凋亡率明显上升(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型组比较,温阳解毒化瘀颗粒组ALT,AST显著降低(P<0.01),肝组织病理损伤程度明显减轻(P<0.05),TLR4 mRNA,TNF-α表达显著下降(P<0.01),肝细胞凋亡率亦显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:TLR4 mRNA,TNF-α在肝衰竭时与肝细胞凋亡呈正相关,温阳解毒化瘀颗粒能够改善肝衰竭IETM大鼠肝功能,减轻肝细胞损伤,减少肝细胞凋亡,其机制可能与其下调肝脏TLR4 mRNA表达,抑制TNF-α释放,降低肝细胞凋亡率有关。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清miR-206和IGF-1的表达水平及临床意义

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血清miR-206和胰岛素样生长因子-1 (IGF-1)表达水平及临床意义。方法选取2016年4月-2017年4月漯河市中心医院收治的79例PCOS患者为研究对象,同期选取60例月经规律健康女性为对照组,利用全自动生化分析仪检测血糖、血脂,采用放射免疫法检测空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMAIR),采用化学发光免疫分析法检测催乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、总睾酮(TT)、硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEAS)及雄激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)。采用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)检测血清miR-206水平,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清IGF-1水平。结果 (1)与对照组比较,PCOS组总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平无明显异常(P0. 05),甘油三酯(TG)、空腹血糖(FBG)、FINS及HOMA-IR水平明显升高(P0. 05)。与对照组比较,PCOS组PRL、E2、LH/FSH、TT及DHEAS水平明显升高(P0. 05),SHBG水平明显下降(P0. 05)。(2)与对照组比较,PCOS组血清miR-206水平明显降低,血清IGF-1水平明显升高(P0. 05)。(3)相关分析结果显示,血清miR-206水平与PCOS患者FINS、HOMA-IR呈明显负相关(P0. 05),血清IGF-1水平与PCOS患者TG、FINS及HOMA-IR呈明显正相关(P0. 05)。多元逐步分析结果显示,HOMA-IR是PCOS组血清miR-206、IGF-1表达的独立影响因素。血清miR-206表达与IGF-1呈明显负相关(P0. 05)。结论 miR-206在PCOS患者血清中明显低表达,IGF-1呈高表达,二者与PCOS患者胰岛素抵抗有关。     

可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1在化脓性关节炎诊断及疗效评价分析

目的分析可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1(sTREM-1)在化脓性关节炎诊断及疗效评价中的价值,为感染性疾病诊断和治疗工作提供研究依据。方法选取2015年2月-2017年2月医院收治的50例化脓性关节炎患者作为化脓性关节炎组,选取同期35例单纯骨关节炎患者作为骨关节炎组,选取同期30名健康体检者作为对照组。检测研究对象血液中sTREM-1、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)水平,对化脓性关节炎组和骨关节炎组患者关节液中sTREM-1水平进行检测和比较;分析患者sTREM-1、CRP及ESR水平在化脓性关节炎诊断中的价值,观察化脓性关节炎组患者的临床疗效。结果三组研究对象血液sTREM-1水平、血液CRP水平、ESR水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中化脓性关节炎组患者指标水平最高;化脓性关节炎组患者关节液sTREM-1水平为(82.05±62.97)ng/L高于骨关节炎组的(43.36±7.48)ng/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=9.628,P<0.001);关节液sTREM-1、血液sTREM-1、CRP水平诊断化脓性关节炎患者的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.913、0.841、0.785;关节液sTREM-1水平较低的化脓性关节炎患者的疗效分布优于关节液sTREM-1水平较高的患者(Z=2.260,P=0.024)。结论化脓性关节炎表现为关节液和血液sTREM-1表达水平的上调,可作为诊断化脓性关节炎的辅助指导,术前检测关节液sTREM-1水平也有助于预测手术治疗的效果。     

Microinjection of a growth factor cocktail affects activated microglia in the neocortex of adult rats

Microglia, as the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, play important roles in regulating neuronal processes, such as neural excitability, synaptic activity, and apoptotic cell clearance. Growth factors can activate multiple signaling pathways in central nervous system microglia and can regulate their immune effects, but whether growth factors can affect the morphological characteristics and ultrastructure of microglia has not been reported. After microinjecting 300 nL of a growth factor cocktail, including 10 μg/mL epidermal growth factor, 10 μg/mL basic fibroblast growth factor, 10 μg/mL hepatocyte growth factor and 10 μg/mL insulin-like growth factor into adult rat cortex, we found that the number of IBA1-positive microglia around the injection area increased significantly, indicating local activation of microglia. All CD68-positive labeling co-localized with IBA1 in microglia. Cell bodies and protrusions of CD68-positive cells were strongly attached to or were engulfing neurons. Characteristic huge phagosomes were observed in activated phagocytes by electron microscopy. The phagosomes generally included non-degraded neuronal protrusions and mitochondria, yet they contained no myelin membrane or remnants, which might indicate selective phagocytosis by the phagocytes. The remnant myelin sheath after phagocytosis still had regenerative ability and formed "myelin-like" structures around phagocytes. These results show that microinjection of a growth factor cocktail into the cerebral cortex of rodents can locally activate microglia and induce selective phagocytosis of neural structures by phagocytes. The study was approved by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences(approval No. IACUC-AMMS-2014-501) on June 30, 2014.