Orthopaedic injury analysis in the 2010 Yushu, China earthquake

ObjectiveBy analysing the injuries of the orthopaedic wounded during the 2010 Yushu earthquake, we aim to provide useful medical information for the rational application and allocation of medical resources and better implementation of medical relief in earthquake-stricken areas.Patients and methodsFive hundred and eighty-two orthopaedic patients injured during the earthquake. The clinical data, injury conditions and epidemiological features (including age composition, gender ratio, distribution of injury, etc.) were collected and analysed.ResultsAltogether 582 orthopaedic patients were analysed. The average age for all patients was 38.8 ± 13.08 years (0–86 years). Adults accounted for 81.62%. There was no gender difference. The most common injuries included limb fractures, pelvic/acetabular fractures and spinal fractures. Fractures accompany with nerve injury were relatively low, only 17 patients account for 2.92%. Fractures complicated by crush syndrome were even lower, only 7 patients account for 1.20%.ConclusionThe patients who experienced fractures in the Yushu earthquake were mostly adults. This was correlated with population composition in Yushu area. This time all the orthopaedic injuries were relative mild with less complication as nerve injury or crush syndrome mainly because of the characteristics of the house structure in Yushu area.     

定量CT测量女性颈椎与腰椎骨密度

目的 探讨女性颈椎骨密度与腰椎骨密度的差异及相关性。方法 对46名女性志愿者于同一天行颈椎及腰椎定量CT(QCT)扫描,记录各椎体骨密度数据。分别应用配对样本t检验及Pearson相关分析比较颈椎与腰椎平均骨密度的差异及相关性;采用方差分析比较各椎体骨密度均数,采用LSD法进行组间的两两比较。结果 颈椎平均骨密度为(281.81±76.13)mg/cm³,腰椎为(147.49±39.65)mg/cm³,二者差异有统计学意义(t=19.462,P<0.001)。颈椎与腰椎平均骨密度的相关性高(r=0.86,P<0.001)。结论 女性颈椎平均骨密度高于腰椎,并与腰椎平均骨密度相关性高。     

正常髌骨解剖形态学的CT研究

 目的 探讨正常髌骨的解剖形态学特点及其对髌骨置换手术操作与髌骨假体设计的指导作用。方法 募集膝关节结构正常的健康成年国人60名,男32名,女28名;年龄18～54岁,平均33.7岁。随机选择左侧或右侧行膝关节伸直位CT扫描,扫描范围从胫骨近端二分之一至股骨远端二分之一。扫描图像应用mimics软件进行三维重建处理,重建后分别生成髌骨的矢状面和横断面图像。按性别分组分别测量及计算髌骨的高度、宽度、厚度,髌骨嵴的位置,高宽比及模拟髌骨置换手术中髌骨切骨后的剩余骨量厚度。结果 男性髌骨的高度、宽度、厚度及模拟髌骨切骨后的剩余骨量厚度分别为(31.95±2.77) mm、(45.02±2.70) mm、(22.38±1.63) mm、(13.18±1.62) mm,女性分别为(28.72±2.17) mm、(39.57±2.57) mm、(19.88±1.36) mm、(11.20±1.20) mm,男性与女性之间的差异均有统计学意义。男性髌骨的宽高比为1.42±0.11、髌骨嵴位于髌骨上42.9%偏内侧位置,女性髌骨的宽高比为1.38±0.10、髌骨嵴位于髌骨上42.6%偏内侧位置,男性与女性之间的差异无统计学意义。结论 中国人的髌骨相对小、扁且薄,选择及设计髌骨假体时应考虑人种差异。女性的髌骨较男性尺寸更小,在髌骨置换时尤其应该注意保留一定的髌骨厚度。     

Surgical resection of severe heterotopic ossification after open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular fractures: A case series of 18 patients

Objective

To evaluate the clinical results of surgical resection of severe heterotopic ossification (HO) after the open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of acetabular fractures.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed between October 2005 and November 2010 on patients undergoing severe HO resection following an acetabular fracture ORIF. Our primary outcome was functional status evaluated by the Harris hip score (HSS). HO resection and hip release was performed using a Kocher–Langenbeck approach in all cases, and a combined radiation and indomethacin regimen was used to prevent HO recurrence. Plain radiographs were also used to evaluate the hip joint for arthritic changes and HO recurrence.

Results

A total of 18 patients (17 males and 1 female) were included in our study analysis. The mean patient age was 36.8 (range: 22–54 years old) when HO resection surgery was performed. The mean time interval between acetabular fracture ORIF and HO resection was 9.9 months (range: 3–30 months): it was within 6 months in 7 patients, 6–12 months in 8 patients, and >12 months in 3 patients.The HO was graded as Brooker grade III in 8 patients and grade IV in 10 patients. The mean time interval between HO resection and the latest follow-up was 4.5 years (range: 2.1–7.8 years). The mean Harris hip score (HHS) was 84.5 (range: 38–100), with a clinical outcome rating of excellent in 9 patients, good in 3 patients, fair in 4 patients, and poor in 2 patients (good and excellent rating accounted for 66.7%). The mean hip joint motion arc was 194° (range: 90–260°).Complications included one intraoperative femoral neck fracture, 1 sciatic nerve injury, 2 femoral head avascular necrosis, and 6 mild HO recurrences (33.3%). There was 28.6% recurrence if HO resection was within 6 months and 36.4% if >6 months. There were no cases of severe HO recurrence, wound infections, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism.

Conclusion

The early surgical resection of severe HO after an acetabular fracture ORIF can provide satisfactory results, however the complication rate is relatively high.     

儿童肱骨髁间骨折切开复位及结果分析

目的儿童肱骨髁间骨折发生概率低，相关文献少，治疗方法存在争议，对17例肱骨髁间骨折作总结，以期探讨该病的治疗方法及效果。方法17例移位明显的骨折且施行切开复位者，通过外观、功能及X线片表现进行评价。结果7例满意，均为钢板、螺钉坚强内固定者；3例较满意，其中1例为坚强内固定，2例为克氏针固定；7例差，均为克氏针固定。结论治疗效果与多因素相关。获得满意效果应做到：良好复位，坚强同定及早期锻炼。     

肘关节僵硬的原因分析与切开松解手术治疗

目的探讨肘关节僵硬的原因、切开松解手术治疗的效果及影响因素。方法2004年7月～2006年6月对22例肘关节僵硬患者行切开松解手术治疗，术后第2天即开始进行功能锻炼，对患者的功能状况进行Mayo评分。总结分析肘关节僵硬的原因。将患者以活动度提高度数分组，提高大于50°者为A组，提高15°-50°者为B组，提高小于15°者为C组，分析原始损伤情况、松解手术距外伤时间、术前前臂旋转活动状况等与手术效果的关系。结果患者外伤至肘关节松解手术时间平均为13．9个月，术前肘关节活动度平均屈80°，伸49°，前臂旋前54°，旋后57°。经平均13．1个月（4～26个月）随访，肘关节活动度平均屈108°，伸38°，前臂旋前70°，旋后69°。肘关节功能Mayo评分由术前平均63分提高至术后82分。术前前臂旋转活动度在三组间差异有统计学意义（P=0．017）。外伤至松解手术时间在A、B组间差异有统计学意义（P=0．041）。肘关节僵硬的原因包括骨性结构复位不良（3例）、骨赘及关节内索条形成（6例）、异位骨化生成（14例）。所有患者均有不同程度关节囊挛缩。结论肘关节僵硬的发生受多种因素影响。松解手术疗效与术前前臂旋转活动度及手术距外伤时间有关。     

钢板内固定加植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后骨不愈合的疗效分析

目的评价钢板内固定结合自体松质骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后骨不愈合的疗效。方法2002年2月～2004年12月对41例肱骨干骨折术后骨不愈合患者均采用钢板内固定结合自体松质骨植骨治疗。其中男32例,女9例；平均年龄37．5岁(17～67岁)。骨不愈合类型：肥大型16例,萎缩型25例。结果所有患者获平均22．6个月(8～42个月)随访。40例(97．6%)患_者骨折愈合,骨折愈合时间平均为5．8个月(3～12个月)。并发症：桡神经损伤3例,伤口感染1例,骨折不愈合1例。最终随访时,肩关节和肘关节功能恢复满意。结论对于肱骨干骨折术后骨不愈合的患者,采用钢板内固定加自体松质骨植骨治疗是有效的方法。     

踝关节骨折后的下胫腓骨性连接

目的研究下胫腓骨性连接对患者的症状和功能的影响,并探讨其对临床工作的启发。方法对14例术后出现下胫腓骨性连接的踝关节骨折的患者(共14踝)进行平均22.8个月(11～54个月)随访,采用Philips等踝关节临床评分系统对随访结果评分。结果主观症状:除3例患者主诉在长时间行走或劳动后有一过性酸痛外,其他病人均无不适主诉,所有患者均无明显生活或工作障碍;踝关节功能:跖屈平均为47.9°,较健侧差3.5°(0～10°),背伸平均为20°,较健侧差8.6°(0～20°);所有病人的X线片上均无明显骨性关节炎表现;Philips等踝关节临床评分平均为90.8分(82～98分),其中优71.4%,优良率100%。结论骨折后形成的下胫腓骨性连接通常不会引起明显的症状和功能障碍,一般无需进一步治疗。     

改良Mitchell手术治疗外翻的疗效分析

目的观察改良Mitchell手术治疗外翻的疗效。方法自1998年3月～2001年10月对20例(39足)外翻患者行改良Mitchell手术。术前摄负重位X线片,测量HVA平均为29.5°,IMA平均为12.5°。本术式与传统Mitchell手术不同的是在第一跖骨远端只行一次横行截骨,不留外侧棘,根据IMA的大小决定截骨远端外移的多少,再向跖侧移位2~3mm,用可吸收螺钉固定。结果随访38足,随访时间为11~38个月,平均31个月,优32足,良5足,差1足,优良率为97.4%。术后负重位X线片测量,HVA平均为14.5°,平均改善15°;IMA平均为8.5°,平均改善4°。结论改良Mitchell手术可矫正第一跖骨内翻,更重要的在于矫正畸形而不破坏趾的生物力学作用,第一跖骨头的跖侧移位,重建了足横弓,恢复了趾的负重功能。